FIN 3200 CH 10

If you receive a $2 dividend per share on your 100 shares, your total dividend income is ______.

$2 × 100

The arithmetic mean for large-company stock returns from 1926 to 2017 is:

12.1%

In 2008, the S&P 500 plunged ______.

37%

2008 was a bad year for markets worldwide. One of the worst hit was the Icelandic Exchange where shares priced dropped ______ in one day.

76%

True or false: To get the average return, the yearly returns are summed and then multiplied by the number of returns.

False

The Ibbotson SBBI data show that over the long-term, ______.

T-bills, which had the lowest risk, generated the lowest return small-company stocks had the highest risk level small-company stocks generated the highest average return

More volatility in returns produces ______ difference between the arithmetic and geometric averages.

a larger

Match each information type to the form of market efficiency that identifies that type of information as being quickly and accurately reflected in stock prices.

all information - strong form effiency all public information - semistrong form efficiency historical stock prices - weak form efficiency

In an efficient market ______ investments have a ______ NPV.

all; zero

If the market changes and stock prices instantly and fully reflect new information, which time path does such a change exhibit?

an efficient market reaction

A positive capital gain on a stock results from ______.

an increase in price

Percentage returns are more convenient than dollar returns because they ______.

apply to any amount invested allow comparison against other investments

To compute the ____ return, the yearly returns are summed and then divided by the number of returns.

average

The dividend yield for a one-year period is equal to the annual dividend amount divided by the ______.

beginning stock price

Some important characteristics of the normal distribution are that it is ______.

bell-shaped symmetrical

The percentage change in the price of a stock over a period of time is called its ______.

capital gain yield

The total return percentage is the ____ yield plus the capital gains yield.

dividend

The two potential ways to make money as a stockholder are through _______ and capital appreciation.

dividends

The total dollar return on a stock is the sum of the ______ and the ______.

dividends; capital gains

The ______ rate of return is the difference between the rate of return on a risky asset and the risk-free rate of return.

excess

In an efficient market, firms should expect to receive ______ value for securities they sell.

fair

Roger Ibbotson and Rex Sinquefield presented year-to-year historical rates of return on ____ types of financial investments. (Enter only one word per blank.)

five

In 2008, the prices on long-term U.S. Treasury bonds ______.

gained 40%

The second lesson from studying capital market history states that the ______ the potential reward, the ______ the risk.

greater; greater lower; lower

The second lesson from studying capital market history is that risk is ______.

handsomely rewarded

The risk-return relationship states that a riskier investment should demand a ______ return.

higher

Dividends are the ______ component of the total return from investing in a stock.

income

An efficient market is one that fully reflects all available ______.

information

An unrealized gain is treated the same as a realized gain when computing the total ____

return

The arithmetic average rate of return measures the ______.

return in an average year over a given period

The excess return is the difference between the rate of return on a risky asset and the ______ rate.

risk-free

Geometric averages are usually ______ arithmetic averages.

smaller than

The standard deviation is the ______ of the variance.

square root

A dividend yield of 10 percent says that, for each dollar we invest, we get ____ cents in dividends.

ten

The geometric average rate of return is approximately equal to ______.

the arithmetic mean minus half of the variance

Which of the following is commonly used to measure inflation?

the consumer price index (CPI)

Average returns can be calculated ______.

two different ways

The square of the standard deviation is equal to the ______.

variance

The efficient markets hypothesis contends that ______ capital markets such as the NYSE are efficient.

well-organized

Treasury Bills yielded a nominal average return over 86 years of 3.5% versus an average inflation rate of 3.0% over the same period. This makes the real return on T-bills approximately equal to _____.

0.5%

The standard deviation for large-company stock returns from 1926 to 2017 is:

19.8%

The probability of an outcome being at least 2 standard deviations below the mean in a normal distribution is approximately:

2.5%

Bonds used in Ibbotson SBBI long-term U.S. government bond portfolio had maturities of ______ years.

20

The probability of a return being within ± one standard deviation of the mean in a normal distribution is approximately ___ percent.

68

From 1900 to 2010, the average stock market risk premium of the United States was ______.

7.2%

If the arithmetic average return is 10% and the variance of returns is .05, find the approximate geometric mean.

7.5%

With a normal distribution, the probability that we end up within two standard deviations is about ____ percent.

95

______ were a bright spot for U.S. investors during 2008.

Bonds

Which of the following are true based on the year-to-year returns from 1926-2014?

Common stocks frequently experience negative returns. T-bills sometimes outperform common stocks.

True or false: Arithmetic and geometric averages are useful because they are not influenced by volatility.

False

True or false: Because T-bills have low risk relative to common stocks, T-bills cannot outperform common stocks.

False

True or false: From 1900 to 2010, the average stock market risk premium of the United States was the highest of all countries.

False

True or false: In the Ibbotson-Sinquefield studies, U.S. Treasury bill data is based on T-bills with a maturity of one year.

False

True or false: Long-term U.S. government bonds used in the Ibbotson-Sinquefield studies had 15 years to maturity.

False

True or false: Percentage returns are difficult to use for comparisons because they depend on the dollar amount invested.

False

True or false: The average return of a given period is typically not a good estimate of the returns over that same period.

False

True or false: The capital gains yield = (Pt+1 − Pt)/Dt.

False

True or false: The dividend yield minus the capital gains yield is the total return percentage.

False

True or false: The geometric average rate of return measures the return in an average year over a given period.

False

True or false: The smaller the variance or standard deviation is, the more spread out the returns will be.

False

Arrange the following investments starting from the lowest historical risk premium and ending with the highest historical risk premium.

Treasury bills long term corporate bonds large company stocks small company stocks

True or false: A capital gain on a stock is counted as part of the total return whether or not the gain is realized from selling the stock.

True

True or false: A capital loss is the same thing as a negative capital gain.

True

True or false: Roger Ibbotson and Rex Sinquefield conducted a famous set of studies dealing with rates of return in U.S. financial markets.

True

True or false: The dividend yield = Dt+1/Pt

True

True or false: The normal distribution is completely described by the average and standard deviation.

True

True or false: The risk premium can be interpreted as a reward for bearing risk.

True

The Ibbotson-Sinquefield data show that ______.

U.S. T-bills had the lowest risk or variability long-term corporate bonds had less risk or variability than stocks

What will the dividend income be on W number of shares of XYZ stock if XYZ distributes a $Y per share dividend?

W × $Y

Which of the following are ways to make money by investing in stocks?

capital gains dividends

The total dollar return is the sum of dividends and ______.

capital gains or losses

When a company declares a dividend, shareholders generally receive ______.

cash

The average return on the stock market can be used to ______.

compare stock returns with the returns on other securities

The geometric average return is the average ____ return earned per year over a multiyear period.

compound

The geometric rate of return takes ______ into account.

compounding

An efficient market is one in which any change in available information will be reflected in the company's stock price ______.

immediately

Stock prices fluctuate from day to day because of ______.

information flow

The capital gains yield can be found by finding the difference between the ending stock price and the initial stock price and dividing it by the ______.

initial stock price

If the dispersion of returns on a particular security is very spread out from the security's mean return, the security ______.

is highly risky

In the Ibbotson-Sinquefield studies, U.S. Treasury bill data is based on T-bills with a maturity of ______ month(s).

one

If you use an arithmetic average to project long-run wealth levels, your results will most likely be ______.

optimistic

Which type of stock price adjustment time path occurs when there is a bubble (price run up) in the path followed by a decline after the market receives information about the stock?

overreaction and correction

If you use a geometric average to project short-run wealth levels, your results will most likely be ______.

pessimistic

Normally, the excess rate of return is ______.

positive

The risk ____ can be interpreted as the reward for bearing risk.

premium

Historically, the real return on Treasury bills has been ______.

quite low

If a study of a firm's financial information will not lead to gains in the market, then the market must be at least ______ efficient.

semistrong form

Arrange the following investments from highest to lowest risk (standard deviation) based on what our study of capital market history from 1926 to 2014 has revealed as shown in Table 10.3.

small company common stock large company common stocks long term corporate bonds long term government bonds us treasury bills

Using capital market history as a guide, it would appear the greatest reward would come from investing in ______.

small-company common stock

The variance and its square root, the ____ ____ , are the most commonly used measures of volatility.

standard deviation

Two ways of calculating average returns are ______ and ______.

the geometric average the arithmetic average

Which of the following are needed to describe the distribution of stock returns?

the mean return the standard deviation of returns

The normal distribution is completely described by the ______ and ______.

variance or standard deviation mean

If a study of past stock prices and volume to find mispriced securities will not lead to gains in the market, then the market must be at least ______ efficient.

weak form