FINAL

Language is a system of symbols we use to form messages that constructs, reflects, and maintains our social realities, or what we believe to be "true" with regard to the world around us.

TRUE

genetic fallacy (ad hominem)

The ad hominem fallacy occurs when we shift our focus from the premises and conclusions of the argument and focus instead on the individual making the argument. Bill: I think we should go back to class now. Jane: I don't think we need to worry about it. Bill: Well, the bell rang a few minutes ago. We're going to be late. Jane: Well, you're a big jerk and don't know anything, so we don't have to go back to class.

Like inflections, gestures, and movement, facial expressions should match your topic and speech and be natural and spontaneous rather than contrived.

True

Like speakers, audience members also have ethical obligations during a speech.

True

Magnification means giving benefit to the audience, amplifying emotion, and exceeding expectations by promoting positivity and goodwill as well as heightening the audience's appreciation for the topic.

True

Speakers should strive for conversational quality in their vocal delivery.

True

When a speaker selects a topic that she is knowledgeable and passionate about, vocal variety and enthusiastic and engaging physical delivery often come naturally.

True

While it may be inappropriate to use first (I, me, my) and second person (you, yours) in a formal essay, you should use it in a speech to personalize the topic.

True

division

Blueberry muffins taste good. Therefore, the individual ingredients comprising blueberry muffins also taste good.

When wording your speech, you should do each of the following except

Both use slang and jargon use complex phrases to impress your audience

red herring (Irrelevant thesis)

Each year thousands of people die in car accident across the country. Why should we worry about endangered animals?

Deductive reasoning draws broad, general conclusions from specific instances.

False

Global plagiarism is plagiarism that occurs when one pieces together bits from one or more sources and represents the end result as his or her own.

False

If you are not comfortable making eye contact with your audience, you should simply pick out a point in the back of the room and look at that while you're delivering your speech.

False

If you paraphrase the information from a source into your own words, it is not necessary to orally cite the source.

False

Infer means to suggest or convey an idea; imply means that something in a speaker's words or a piece of writing helps us to draw a conclusion outside of his/her words.

False

Regionalisms are words or phrases used in informal speech but not typically used in formal speech.

False

Speakers should dress formally - with a business suit, dress, or skirt - every time they are asked to give a speech.

False

The best speakers stand in one place throughout the entire speech.

False

The most effective tribute speeches are organized chronologically and provide a historical account of one's life and work.

False

The primary goal of a roast is to insult the individual(s) being honored.

False

When a speaker delivers a speech well, the audience is focused on his physical and vocal delivery methods throughout the speech.

False

"The first student got an A on the quiz. So did the second and the third. From that information, one might conclude that the quiz was easy and most students will get an A." This is an example of which type of reasoning?

Inductive

ambiguity (equivocation)

Using expressions that are not clear because they have more than one meaning We won't be safe until we win the war on terrorism

You should orally cite your source for each of the following types of information except

generally accepted facts

According to the text, the two most important aspects in ethical speaking involve

honesty while avoiding plagiarism and having responsible speech goals

When using this delivery style, the speech is written and the speaker delivers it word for word to the audience.

manuscript

"Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred." In this example, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. used which linguistic strategy?

metaphor

appeal to pity (argumentium ad misericordium)

the goal is to make us feel sorry for the speaker and ignore contradictory evidence.

Inflections are

variations, turns and slides in pitch to achieve the meaning

Despite the fact that our speech is protected by the 1st amendment, we still have an obligation as a speaker to uphold ethical values like honesty, respect, and inclusiveness.

True

"You shouldn't have any problem with the government collecting metadata from your cell phone, most of us have given that type of information and more to private companies for years." This is an example of which fallacy of reasoning?

strawman

bad reasons for his argument; therefore, his argument is bad

Bad Reasons Fallacy (Argumentum ad Logicam)

It is best for a speaker to speak loudly during the entire speech.

False

Accident (sweeping generalization)

A fallacy by accident occurs when a generally true statement is applied to a specific case that is somehow unusual or exceptional. The fallacy looks like this: Dogs are good pets.Coyotes are dogs.Therefore, coyotes are good pets.

Fallacy of Quantitative Logic

A fallacy that occurs when we misuse quantifying words such as "all" or "some."

Which of the following is considered a vocalized pause?

All of the above are vocalized pause

It is never appropriate to use jargon in a speech.

FALSE

false analogy

Humans and animals are both living, breathing beings. Humans have civil rights. Therefore, animals have civil rights.

Each of the following are forms of powerless language except

I-statements

Chris told police that a red-haired woman stole her car. Ginny is a red-haired woman. Therefore, Chris told police that Ginny stole her car.

Masked Man Fallacy (Intentional Fallacy)

strawman

President Obama cannot truly have American interests in mind because he's not truly American but Muslim.

appeal to authority (ad vericundiam)

When we appeal to authority we claim the truth of a proposition is guaranteed because of the opinion of a famous person. Appeals to authority look like this: Authority figure X says Y. Therefore, Y is true.

false cause (non causa, pro causa)

Yesterday Jen went out in the rain and got soaked. The next day she was in bed with the flu. Therefore, the rain caused her to get sick.

A guideline for preparing and delivering a special occasion speech includes

all of the above

When wording your speech, you should remember which of the following

all of the above

One of the most difficult challenges of speaking from a manuscript is

all of the above are challenges of speaking from a manuscript

Audience members display unethical behavior when they do which of the following

all of the above are examples of unethical listening behaviors

When planning and preparing his delivery, a speaker should learn all of the following about the location except

all of the above are important for a speaker to learn about before his speech

"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character." This repetition of the initial sounds of words used by Dr. King is known as

alliteration

"I don't sing because I'm happy, I'm happy because I sing," is an example of which linguistic strategy?

antithesis

You should avoid using each of the following in your speech except

antithesis

A speech of introduction should

be brief

"Ivy Tech students are brilliant. George is an Ivy Tech student. Therefore George is brilliant." This is an example of which type of reasoning?

deductive

A speech to present an award should

do all of the above

Vocal variety comes naturally with

enthusiasm for the topic

When a listener asks questions such as, "Is the speaker credible," and, "Does the statement ring true or false based on common sense," she is using which critical thinking skill?

evaluation

Appeal to Emotion

manipulating an emotional response in place of a valid or compelling argument hot button words tend to evoke a visceral response rather than a logical, reasoned response.

The two basic components for successful speech delivery are

preparation and practice

Using the extemporaneous delivery style, a speaker should spend no more than _____ percent of his speech looking at his notes.

20

composition

All of the basketball team's players are fast runners, high jumpers, and winners. Therefore, the team is a winner.

"That law is definitely unconstitutional. My friend, who is a lawyer, said so." This is an example of which fallacy of reasoning?

Appeal to Authority

begging the question (petitio principii)

Arguments that assume the very same thing that one is trying to prove

"...we are not satisfied and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream." In this example, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. used which linguistic strategy?

Simile

"If we legalize marijuana, everyone would be stoned in the streets, at school, and at their jobs and nothing would ever get done. Before you know it, our whole society would fall apart." This is an example of which fallacy of reasoning?

Slippery Slope

appeal to Ignorance (argumentum ad ignorantiam)

The argument rests not on any evidence but on a lack of evidence.

A logical fallacy refers to a defect in the reasoning of an argument that causes the conclusion(s) to be invalid, unsound, or weak.

True

A speaker who raises social awareness about an important issue, cause, or injustice is fulfilling one of the ethical responsibilities of a speaker.

True

A speaker who uses vivid imagery uses language that helps to "paint a picture" for the audience so they can visualize your topic

True

A toast is a brief tribute to a person or event that allows the speaker to acknowledge accomplishments and express best wishes for the future.

True

An ethical listener will strive to put away or eliminate all physical, psychological, and physiological distractions during a speech.

True

Articulation is how well and correctly we form our vowels and consonants using our lips, jaw, tongue, and palate to form the sounds that are identified as speech.

True

Aspects of speech delivery can be categorized as physical (or nonverbal) and vocal.

True

Creative use of language and sincere delivery are essential to a successful special occasion speech.

True

Ethical feedback should include an explanation of the listener's analysis.

True

Generally speaking, body stance and posture, gestures, and facial expressions can be categorized as body language.

True

Good eye contact allows the speaker to observe and gauge the attention and response of the audience.

True

When using this delivery style, the speech is carefully prepared and rehearsed but delivered using only key words and phrases on note cards.

extemporaneous

Which of the following describes a critical thinker

open minded analytical truth-seeking inquisitive judicious all of the above(Correct)

When Kenny was preparing his speech, he pulled information from a number of different sources without citing them and together that information made up almost his entire speech. Kenny committed what type of plagiarism?

patchwork plagiarism

"As the waves gently rolled in, the ocean kissed the shoreline," is an example of which linguistic strategy?

personification