FINAL A&P Chapter 1,4,&5

Choose the answer that shows the correct order for the standard preparation of a histological specimen. A)(1) fixation, (2) staining, (3) sectioning B)(1) staining, (2) fixation, (3) sectioning C)(1) sectioning, (2) staining, (3) fixation D)(1) sectioning, (2) fixation, (3) staining E)(1) fixation, (2) sectioning, (3) staining

(1) fixation, (2) sectioning, (3) staining

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organs A)2-1-3-4-5 B)2-1-4-3-5 C)1-2-3-4-5 D)1-2-4-3-5

2-1-4-3-5

2

A)1 B)2 C)3 D)4

4

A)1 B)2 C)3 D)4

We are told that every surface we touch is teeming with bacterial cells, and bacteria are found in the pools we swim in, the water we wash with, and on the hands of friends. Why are we not inundated with bacterial infections on our skin? A)The low pH of the skin secretions retards the multiplication of bacteria on the skin. B)Not all bacteria are harmful or thrive on the skin. C)All of these answers are correct. D)Many bacteria are killed by bactericidal substances in the sebum and sweat.

All of these answers are correct.

A Caucasian patient with pale skin is treated for low blood pressure with medication that elevates the blood pressure; however, the skin's pallor does not change. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the pallor in this patient? A)respiratory disease that results in the blood being poorly oxygenated B)the presence of hematomas in the skin C)hypertension caused by excessive use of the medication D)Anemia

Anemia

Your patient is upset to learn that the biopsy of a lesion on her skin is consistent with basal cell carcinoma. She has heard that skin cancer can be deadly. Which response to her distress is most appropriate? A)Basal cell carcinoma rarely spreads to other tissues. Removal of the lesion is curative in 99% of cases. B)You are right to be concerned, but I'm sure your doctor will order scans to determine if the cancer has spread. C)Removal of the lesion will almost certainly rid you of the cancer, and then you can continue your life as usual. D)Basal cell cancers are aggressive, but immunotherapy is promising for many patients.

Basal cell carcinoma rarely spreads to other tissues. Removal of the lesion is curative in 99% of cases.

Which of the following best demonstrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function? A)The heart and blood vessels circulate blood continuously to carry oxygen and nutrients to all body cells. B)Bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits. C)Atoms, the tiny building blocks of matter, combine to form molecules such as water and proteins. D)The liver, brain, blood vessels, and stomach are each responsible for a necessary activity that no other organ can perform.

Bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits.

Which of the following best demonstrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function? A)The heart and blood vessels circulate blood continuously to carry oxygen and nutrients to all body cells. B)The liver, brain, blood vessels, and stomach are each responsible for a necessary activity that no other organ can perform. C)Bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits. D)Atoms, the tiny building blocks of matter, combine to form molecules such as water and proteins.

Bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits.

Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Moves blood through the body. A)Skin epidermis B)Tendon C)Smooth muscle D)Cardiac muscle

Cardiac muscle

Match the organ system with organs it is comprised of. Arteries, veins, heart. A)Respiratory B)Endocrine C)Digestive D)Cardiovascular E)Urinary

Cardiovascular

Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. A)Lymphatic B)Cardiovascular C)Immune D)Endocrine

Cardiovascular

D

Cell division would be most common amongst cells in which of the labeled layers? A)A B)B C)C D)D

Which of the following is the best explanation for why cells are considered the smallest units of living things. A)Cells are highly ordered and complex. B)Cells cannot be seen with the naked eye and are considered microscopic. C)Cells have the ability to reproduce identical copies of themselves in a process called mitosis. D)Cells are the simplest structures to fit all of the characteristics necessary to be considered alive.

Cells are the simplest structures to fit all of the characteristics necessary to be considered alive.

Which glands produce ear wax? A)Merocrine glands B)Apocrine glands C)Eccrine Glands D)Ceruminous glands

Ceruminous glands

Which of the following statements is true of connective tissue? A)Collagen fibers provides high tensile strength. B)When connective tissue is stretched, collagen gives it the ability to snap back. C)Reticular fibers form thick, ropelike structures. D)Elastin fibers are sometimes called white fibers.

Collagen fibers provides high tensile strength.

Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Cell remnants of the stratum corneum. A)Cornified keratinocytes B)Keratinocytes C)Merkel disc D)Keratin E)Dendritic cells

Cornified keratinocytes

Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. A)Mucous membrane B)Serous membrane C)Endothelium D)Cutaneous

Cutaneous

The 68-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital medical floor with a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis. His wife asks the nurse why his skin looks blue. How would you explain cyanosis to this patient and his wife? A)Cyanosis is a dusky bluish or grayish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes that occurs with reduced oxygen levels. B)Cyanosis is a bronzing of the skin that occurs when the adrenal gland produces an inadequate amount of steroids. C)Cyanosis leaves blue to black marks on the skin due to ruptured blood vessels and pooling of blood beneath the skin. D)Cyanosis is a reddening of skin due to fever, hypertension, inflammation, or an allergy. E)Cyanosis is a whitening of the skin due to anemia or accumulation of bile pigments.

Cyanosis is a dusky bluish or grayish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes that occurs with reduced oxygen levels.

Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Skin macrophages that help activate the immune system. A)Cornified keratinocytes B)Keratinocytes C)Merkel disc D)Keratin E)Dendritic cells

Dendritic cells

Match the organ system with organs it is comprised of. Esophagus, large intestine, rectum. A)Respiratory B)Endocrine C)Digestive D)Cardiovascular E)Urinary

Digestive

Match the organ system with organs it is comprised of. Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary. A)Respiratory B)Endocrine C)Digestive D)Cardiovascular E)Urinary

Endocrine

Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Removes and filters excess fluid from tissues. A)Lymphatic B)Cardiovascular C)Immune D)Endocrine

Endocrine

How are endocrine and exocrine glands different from each other? A)Exocrine glands have specific target organs for their secretions. B)Exocrine glands are only unicellular in structure. C)Endocrine glands have no ducts. D)Exocrine glands secrete hormones.

Endocrine glands have no ducts.

Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Lines blood vessels and the heart. A)Mucous membrane B)Serous membrane C)Endothelium D)Cutaneous

Endothelium

What does the principle of complementarity of structure and function mean? A)The age of the structure determines the function it performs. B)All structures perform the same functions. C)Function reflects structure and structure determines function. D)Functions are determined by environmental conditions, not by structure.

Function reflects structure and structure determines function.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the complementarity of anatomy and physiology? A)Functions occur because of the anatomy that exists within the body. B)Physiology is more concrete than anatomy, because it describes structures that can be seen. C)Anatomy can be described only by the underlying physiology. D)Anatomy is form, which is more concrete than physiology because of the visible structures.

Functions occur because of the anatomy that exists within the body.

Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well-being. Which of the following protects us against excessive water loss through the skin? A)The size and shape of the cells that make up the stratum spinosum, as well as the thick bundles of intermediate filaments. B)The dermis is the thickest portion of the skin and water cannot pass through it. C)Fat associated with skin prevents water loss. D)Glycolipids that are secreted by keratinocytes into extracellular spaces.

Glycolipids that are secreted by keratinocytes into extracellular spaces.

Which of the following would be of most importance to goblet cells and other glandular epithelia? A)lysosomes B)microvilli C)Golgi apparatus D)multiple nuclei

Golgi apparatus

thermostat setting

If the figure were used to represent a heating system in a home, which of the following would be most directly associated with the structure labeled B? thermometer reading cooling of air burning of fuel thermostat setting

Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones. A)Lymphatic B)Cardiovascular C)Immune D)Endocrine

Immune

The surge of sex hormones that accompanies puberty has a wide range of effects on the body. One of those effects is to enhance the activity of the sebaceous glands, increasing the production of sebum. Which of the following is the most likely to result from the increased sebaceous activity? A)Increased cooling of the skin. B)Decreased vitamin D synthesis. C)Increased hair growth. D)Increased oily appearance and more acne.

Increased oily appearance and more acne.

Which event must precede all others during tissue repair? A)Fibroblasts produce collagen that strengthens the area surrounding the tissue damage. B)Clotting occurs in the damaged area. C)Inflammation occurs near the affected cells. D)Epithelia reproduce and migrate to the damaged area.

Inflammation occurs near the affected cells.

Type I diabetes is caused when an individual does not produce insulin. Which of the following statements regarding insulin is TRUE? A)Insulin controls blood sugar. B)Insulin is the receptor that triggers a positive feedback mechanism, which controls blood-sugar levels. C)Insulin blocks a negative feedback mechanism involving blood-sugar levels. D)Without insulin, the body is never able to detect changes in blood sugar.

Insulin controls blood sugar.

Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Prevents water loss, entry of germs into the body and synthesizes vitamin D. A)Skeletal B)Muscular C)Nervous D)Integumentary

Integumentary

In addition to protection (physical and chemical barrier), the skin serves other functions. Which of the following is another vital function of the skin? A)The cells of the epidermis store glucose as glycogen for energy. B)It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor important to calcium metabolism. C)It absorbs vitamin C so that the skin will not be subject to diseases. D)It aids in the transport of materials throughout the body.

It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor important to calcium metabolism.

Liliana's cyanosis is clinically significant because: A)It indicates that she has less hemoglobin reaching her lips and fingers. B)It indicates that there are more melanocytes developing in her lips and fingers. C)It indicates a buildup of bilirubin in her epidermis. D)It indicates that her blood is low in oxygen.

It indicates that her blood is low in oxygen.

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance? A)Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed. B)It is considered the cause of most diseases. C)Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally. D)The internal environment is becoming more stable.

It is considered the cause of most diseases.

Liliana's epidermal layer has been damaged. Which statement best explains the significance of this damage? A)It's not significant, because the cells in the epidermis are already dead. B)It's significant because cells in the epidermis give rise to all the cells in all the different skin layers. C)It's significant because disrupting the epidermis will cause severe, sometimes life-threatening bleeding. D)It's significant because the cells of the epidermis protect against evaporative water loss, UV radiation, and infection.

It's significant because the cells of the epidermis protect against evaporative water loss, UV radiation, and infection.

Select the correct statement regarding adipose tissue. A)Most of the cell volume is occupied by the nucleus. B)Its primary function is nutrient storage. C)Mature adipose cells are highly mitotic. D)It is composed mostly of extracellular matrix.

Its primary function is nutrient storage.

Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. The protein found in the epidermis that is responsible for toughening the skin. A)Cornified keratinocytes B)Keratinocytes C)Merkel disc D)Keratin E)Dendritic cells

Keratin

Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. The most abundant cells of the epidermis. A)Cornified keratinocytes B)Keratinocytes C)Merkel disc D)Keratin E)Dendritic cells

Keratinocytes

Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well-being. Which of the following protects us against excessive water loss through the skin? A)Lamellated granules of the cells of the stratum granulosum, a glycolipid that is secreted into extracellular spaces. B)The dermis is the thickest portion of the skin and water cannot pass through it. C)Fat associated with skin prevents water loss. D)The size and shape of the cells that make up the stratum spinosum, as well as the thick bundles of intermediate filaments.

Lamellated granules of the cells of the stratum granulosum, a glycolipid that is secreted into extracellular spaces.

areolar connective tissue

Layer B is composed primarily of __________. A)areolar connective tissue B)dense irregular connective tissue C)dense regular connective tissue D)simple squamous epithelium

Predict what would happen if a lung's visceral membrane were pulled away from its parietal membrane still attached to the chest wall. A)The lung would get much larger than normal when inhaling air. B)Only the parietal membrane would continue producing serous fluid. C)Loss of membrane adhesive force would cause lung collapse. D)Excess serous fluid would quickly accumulate in the newly formed space.

Loss of membrane adhesive force would cause lung collapse.

Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Produces antibodies that attach to foreign substances. A)Lymphatic B)Cardiovascular C)Immune D)Endocrine

Lymphatic

Without macrophages, wound healing is delayed. Why? A)Macrophages break down the scar tissue, allowing the correct tissue to be formed in its place. B)Macrophages phagocytose many foreign materials, as well as cell debris and dead cells. This cleans the wound, allowing granulation tissue to form. C)Macrophages phagocytose many foreign materials, as well as cell debris and dead cells. This cleans the wound, allowing scar tissue to form. D)Macrophages only remove the bacteria from the area, preventing infections from causing more damage. E)Macrophages form the capillary beds and repair the connective tissue in the wound. Both of these are essential for wound healing.

Macrophages phagocytose many foreign materials, as well as cell debris and dead cells. This cleans the wound, allowing granulation tissue to form.

Which of the following is a skin sensory receptor for touch? A)Ruffini body B)Meissner's corpuscle C)free nerve ending D)Pacinian corpuscle

Meissner's corpuscle

Which of the following cutaneous receptors is specialized for the reception of touch or light pressure? A)Pacinian corpuscles B)Meissner's corpuscles C)Krause's end bulbs D)Free nerve endings

Meissner's corpuscles

Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer. A)Squamous cell carcinomas arise from the stratum corneum. B)Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing. C)Most tumors that arise on the skin are malignant. D)Basal cell carcinomas are the least common but most malignant.

Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing.

Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Cells plus a disc-like sensory nerve ending that functions as a sensory receptor for touch. A)Cornified keratinocytes B)Keratinocytes C)Merkel disc D)Keratin E)Dendritic cells

Merkel disc

Which of the following is true about the mode of secretion of exocrine glands? A)These glands are ductless. B)Holocrine cells are slightly damaged by the secretory process, but repair themselves. C)Apocrine cells are destroyed, then replaced, after secretion. D)Merocrine glands are not altered by the secretory process.

Merocrine glands are not altered by the secretory process.

_____________ are not one of the four cell types that populate bone tissue in adults. A)Osteoblasts B)Mesenchymal cells C)Osteocytes D)Osteoprogenitor cells

Mesenchymal cells

keratinocyte

Most of the cells in layers A through D are of which type? A)keratinocyte B)fibroblast C)dendritic cell D)erythrocyte

__________ are water-soluble, complex glycoproteins that are secreted by goblet cells. A)Amino acids B)Salts C)Hormones D)Mucins E)Enzymes

Mucins

Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Found lining the digestive and respiratory tracts. A)Mucous membrane B)Serous membrane C)Endothelium D)Cutaneous

Mucous membrane

Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. The epithelial membrane that lines body cavities open to the exterior membrane. A)Mucous membrane B)Serous membrane C)Endothelium D)Cutaneous

Mucous membrane

Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Provides the force to move bones about their joints. A)Skeletal B)Muscular C)Nervous D)Integumentary

Muscular

Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses. A)Skeletal B)Muscular C)Nervous D)Integumentary

Nervous

5

One interaction in the figure could be considered the central interaction, one that is supported by the others. Which one? A)1 B)2 and 3 C)4 D)5

________ is an inherited condition that affects the heme pathway; it leaves the skin scarred and gums degenerated, and may have led to the folklore about vampires. A)Porphyria B)Impetigo C)Rosacea D)Decubitus ulcer

Porphyria

Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage? A)The skin is protected by increasing the number of epidermal dendritic cells, which help to activate the immune system. B)Carotene, which accumulates in the stratum corneum and hypodermal adipose tissue, is synthesized in large amounts in the presence of sunlight. C)The skin is protected by the synthesis of three pigments that contribute to the skin's color. D)Prolonged exposure to the sun induces melanin dispersion, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen.

Prolonged exposure to the sun induces melanin dispersion, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen.

Which of the following examples listed below illustrates homeostasis maintained by a negative feedback? A)The near waterproof secretions of glycolipids that is released by cells in the stratum granulosum. B)Release of chemical signals by keratinocytes that have been damaged by UV light that will increase the production of melanin. C)Removal of nitrogenous compounds like urea within the sweat. D)The secretion of antibacterial compounds in sebum.

Release of chemical signals by keratinocytes that have been damaged by UV light that will increase the production of melanin.

Match the organ system with organs it is comprised of. Trachea, bronchi, alveoli. A)Respiratory B)Endocrine C)Digestive D)Cardiovascular E)Urinary

Respiratory

Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Makes up the pleura and pericardium. A)Mucous membrane B)Serous membrane C)Endothelium D)Cutaneous

Serous membrane

Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. The epithelial membrane that lines the closed ventral cavities of the body. A)Mucous membrane B)Serous membrane C)Endothelium D)Cutaneous

Serous membrane

Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Provides a ridged framework to support the body and stores minerals. A)Skeletal B)Muscular C)Nervous D)Integumentary

Skeletal

Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Has a surface to which nothing is attached. A)Skin epidermis B)Tendon C)Smooth muscle D)Cardiac muscle

Skin epidermis

Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Moves food through the GI tract. A)Skin epidermis B)Tendon C)Smooth muscle D)Cardiac muscle

Smooth muscle

Which type of skin cancer appears as a scaly reddened papule and tends to grow rapidly and metastasize? A)Melanoma B)Adenoma C)Squamous cell carcinoma D)Basal cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. The layer that contains the mitotic viable cells of the epidermis. A)Sudoriferous glands B)Stratum basale C)Stratum corneum D)Vellus

Stratum basale

Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. The layer of the epidermis where the cells are considered protective but nonviable. A)Sudoriferous glands B)Stratum basale C)Stratum corneum D)Vellus

Stratum corneum

Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. The glands that serve an important function in thermoregulation. A)Sudoriferous glands B)Stratum basale C)Stratum corneum D)Vellus

Sudoriferous glands

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A)Melanin provides protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. B)Keratinocytes produce a fibrous protein to protect the epidermis. C)Langerhans cells activate the immune system. D)Tactile cells anchor the skin to the body.

Tactile cells anchor the skin to the body.

Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Derived from mesenchyme. A)Skin epidermis B)Tendon C)Smooth muscle D)Cardiac muscle

Tendon

The friction ridges seen in finger, palm and foot prints are different among various people but very similar between identical twins. This evidence suggests which of the following? A)That friction ridges change over time. B)That friction ridges are genetically determined. C)That friction ridges aid in gripping. D)That friction ridges allow for better tactile sensation.

That friction ridges are genetically determined.

Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been stretched and/or torn? A)The blood vessels in the dermis rupture and the blood passes through the tissue, causing "black-and-blue marks." B)The appearance of visible, silvery-white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis. C)The pain is acute due to the large number of Meissner's corpuscles. D)The stretching causes the tension lines to disappear.

The appearance of visible, silvery-white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis.

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of physiological study, the rest are from an anatomical perspective. Select the description below that comes from physiological perspective. A)The contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels (vasoconstriction) can reduce the flow of blood through the vessel. B)The pancreas lies deep to the stomach within the abdominal cavity. C)The skull is formed by 22 facial and cranial bones. D)The chambers of the heart and blood vessels leading to and from the heart are separated by valves composed of fibrous connective tissue.

The contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels (vasoconstriction) can reduce the flow of blood through the vessel.

Which of the following best explains the fact that eyebrows do not grow as long as the hair on the head? A)The hair follicles of the eyebrows are active for only a few months before becoming inactive; the hair follicles in the scalp are active for years before becoming inactive. B)The hair follicles of the eyebrows exhibit a resting phase, but the hair follicles in the scalp do not. C)The hair follicles of the eyebrows do not have a hair matrix; the hair follicles in the scalp do have a hair matrix. D)The hair of the eyebrows does not have a cuticle, but the hair on the head does have a cuticle. E)The hair follicles of the eyebrows are not responsive to androgens; hair follicles in the scalp are responsive to androgens.

The hair follicles of the eyebrows are active for only a few months before becoming inactive; the hair follicles in the scalp are active for years before becoming inactive.

What is the role of the hair matrix? A)The hair matrix serves as an anchor for the hair shaft. B)The hair matrix allows hair to "stand-on-end" or become erect. C)The hair matrix produces hair. D)The hair matrix serves as a sensory receptor.

The hair matrix produces hair.

Select the most correct statement. A)The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system. B)Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life. C)The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system. D)Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both.

The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.

An infection may occur in a tissue injury. Why? A)Once microorganisms gain entry to the body through a wound, they will always cause an infection. B)The increased availability of nutrients allows microorganisms to replicate. The skin and mucous membranes are body's first line of defense and are mostly impenetrable to microorganisms, unless broken or damaged by tissue injury. C)The skin and mucous membranes are body's first line of defense, and are mostly impenetrable to microorganisms unless broken. D)The increased availability of nutrients allows microorganisms to replicate.

The increased availability of nutrients allows microorganisms to replicate. The skin and mucous membranes are body's first line of defense and are mostly impenetrable to microorganisms, unless broken or damaged by tissue injury.

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of anatomical study, the rest are from a physiological perspective. Select the description below that comes from an anatomical perspective. A)The cell-to-cell connections between heart (cardiac) muscle cells are strong. They hold the tissue together for a life time of forceful contractions. B)The innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple squamous epithelium. C)The direction of blood flow through the heart is directed by one way valves. D)The extremely thin tissue (simple squamous epithelium) of the lungs allows for the quick diffusion of respiratory gases into and out of the body.

The innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple squamous epithelium.

A light skinned person who is very cold may have a pale appearance. Which of the following is the best explanation for why this might be so? A)The person's blood vessels in the dermis have undergone vasoconstriction (narrowing). B)The person's blood vessels in the epidermis have undergone vasodilation (widening). C)The person is in fear of hypothermia (sever cold exposure). D)The cold has slowed the movement of blood.

The person's blood vessels in the dermis have undergone vasoconstriction (narrowing).

Changes in the color of skin are often an indication of a homeostatic imbalance. Which of the following changes would suggest that a patient is suffering from Addison's disease? A)Black-and-blue marks become evident for no apparent cause. B)The skin takes on a bronze or metallic appearance. C)The skin appears to have an abnormal, yellowish tint. D)It is impossible to suggest Addison's disease from an inspection of a person's skin.

The skin takes on a bronze or metallic appearance.

dermal papilla

The structure indicated by label E is part of which of the following? A)dermal papilla B)stratum corneum C)hypodermis D)hair root

Why are adipose tissue, blood, and bone all considered to be connective tissues? A)They connect to each other. B)They have a common origin: mesenchyme. C)They all have collagen and elastic fibers in their extracellular matrix. D)They have the same types of cells.

They have a common origin: mesenchyme.

squamous cell carcinoma

Transformed cells within labeled layer C give rise to which form of cell cancer? A)melanoma B)basal cell carcinoma C)squamous cell carcinoma D)sarcoma

Match the organ system with organs it is comprised of. Kidneys, bladder, ureters. A)Respiratory B)Endocrine C)Digestive D)Cardiovascular E)Urinary

Urinary

Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Hair that lacks pigment and is often called "immature hair." A)Sudoriferous glands B)Stratum basale C)Stratum corneum D)Vellus

Vellus

the method of secretion

What distinguishes the gland in A from the gland in B? A)the use of a duct B)the use of epithelial cells to produce products C)the direct secretion of products into the blood D)the method of secretion

their desmosome attachments

What feature of the prickle cells in layer C causes them to have pointy projections after tissue preparation? A)glycolipids that make the layer waterproof B)their desmosome attachments C)the rigidity of the cell membrane D)pulling by shrunken keratin fibers between the cells

detection of pressure stimulus

What is the function of structure B? A)production of defensive chemicals B)secretion of sweat C)storage of fat D)detection of pressure stimulus

tissue

What level of structural organization is represented by the image numbered 5 in the figure? A)organelle B)organ C)cell D)tissue

A

Which labeled structure produces an oily secretion? A)A B)B C)C D)D

dendritic cell

Which of the following would most likely be found in the stratum spinosum? A)dendritic cell B)Merkel cell C)cornified cell D)melanocyte

A; holocrine

Which of these glands is properly matched with its mode of secretion? A)A; holocrine B)A; merocrine C)C; apocrine D)C; holocrine

It could be found throughout the body as an independent entity.

Which of these would be an INCORRECT conclusion about the structure shown in image 3 in the diagram? It is composed of several different macromolecular types. It would be found in the same organizational level as Golgi bodies and endoplasmic reticulum. It is a potential component of a living cell. It could be found throughout the body as an independent entity.

B

Which structure is a type of cutaneous sensory receptor? A)A B)B C)C D)D

C

Which structure is a type of sudoriferous gland? A)A B)B C)C D)D

C.

Which structure is a type of sweat gland? A)A B)B C)C D)D

The figure illustrates the correction of an imbalance back to a baseline.

Why is the figure considered to be an example of a negative feedback system, as opposed to a positive feedback system? A central nervous system regulator is regulating the response. The figure includes an efferent pathway. The figure shows the detection of an imbalance. The figure illustrates the correction of an imbalance back to a baseline.

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________. A)a relatively stable internal environment, within limits B)a static state with no deviation from preset points C)the lowest possible energy usage D)a dynamic state within an unlimited range, depending on circumstances

a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

Which of the following is NOT a role of connective tissue? A)absorption B)support C)insulation D)transport

absorption

Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocytes ________. A)maintain the appropriate temperature so the product of the melanocyte will not denature B)provide the melanocyte with a protective shield against abrasion C)accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion, forming a UV-blocking pigment layer D)maintain the appropriate pH in order for the melanocyte to synthesize melanin granules

accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion, forming a UV-blocking pigment layer

Generally speaking, connective tissues are largely non-living extracellular matrix. Which of the following is an EXCEPTION? A)areolar B)blood C)adipose D)bone

adipose

If a large number of whiteheads appear on the skin of the forehead, which of the following would result? A)fine hairs on the forehead would become brittle B)the forehead's skin would become dry C)bacteria on the forehead's skin would grow and multiply freely D)all of the above

all of the above

The function of the root hair plexus is to ________. A)bind the hair root to the dermis B)cause apocrine gland secretion into the hair follicle C)allow the hair to assist in touch sensation D)serve as a source for new epidermal cells for hair growth after the resting stage has passed

allow the hair to assist in touch sensation

In a woman that has hirsutism, ________. A)the keratin filaments in hair undergo cell division to thicken the hair B)androgens stimulate vellus hair to become terminal hair C)the cuticles in the visible portions of hair shafts undergo extensive cell division D)none of the above

androgens stimulate vellus hair to become terminal hair

Edema (swelling) occurs when ________. A)areolar tissue soaks up excess fluid in an inflamed area B)reticular connective tissue invades the area C)adipose cells enlarge by pinocytosis D)collagen fibers enlarge as they change from dehydrated to hydrated shape

areolar tissue soaks up excess fluid in an inflamed area

Sam is so cold that he has "goose bumps." What causes goose bumps? A)hypodermal activity B)skin folds in the reticular layer of the dermis C)skin folds at the papillary region of the dermis D)arrector pili muscles pulling hair follicles into an upright position

arrector pili muscles pulling hair follicles into an upright position

The arrector pili muscle's predominant, useful function in humans is to ________. A)assisting in the release of sebum from nearby sebaceous glands B)preventing germs from entering the hair shaft C)stimulating faster hair growth D)provide warmth by making the hair stand on end

assisting in the release of sebum from nearby sebaceous glands

Which of the following is NOT an immediate threat to the system as a result of burns? A)renal failure B)dehydration C)electrolyte imbalance D)bacterial infection

bacterial infection

Which is the most common type of skin cancer? A)melanoma B)basal cell carcinoma C)adenoma D)squamous cell carcinoma

basal cell carcinoma

A splinter penetrated into the skin of the sole of the foot.almost to the papillary region of the dermis. Which layer of the epidermis would be the final layer injured? A)granulosum B)lucidum C)basale D)spinosum

basale

Which of the following is NOT found in cartilage but is found in bone? A)organic fibers B)lacunae C)blood vessels D)living cells

blood vessels

Which tissue is correctly paired with its primary cell type? A)bone; fibrocyte B)cartilage; fibroblast C)connective tissue proper; chondroblast D)bone; osteoblast

bone; osteoblast

The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated ________. A)by hormones, especially androgens B)by high temperatures C)as a protective coating when one is swimming D)when the air temperature drops

by hormones, especially androgens

Burns are devastating and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. How do physicians estimate the extent of burn damage associated with such dangerous fluid loss? A)by using the "rule of nines" B)by measuring urinary output and fluid intake C)by observing the tissues that are usually moist D)through blood analysis

by using the "rule of nines"

The skin is permeable to organic solvents, such as acetone or turpentine, because they ________. A)can dissolve the lipid bilayers of epidermal and dermal cell plasma membranes B)are small molecules that bypass skin cells and therefore directly enter the blood C)solubilize the skin's keratin filaments D)solubilize the skin's collagen fibers

can dissolve the lipid bilayers of epidermal and dermal cell plasma membranes

Which tissues have little to no functional regenerative capacity? A)nervous tissue and smooth muscle B)epithelial tissue, bones, and areolar connective tissue C)cardiac muscle and nervous tissue in the brain and spinal cord D)cardiac and smooth muscle

cardiac muscle and nervous tissue in the brain and spinal cord

Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels? A)systemic anatomy B)cardiovascular physiology C)systemic physiology D)cardiovascular anatomy

cardiovascular physiology

What is the first threat to life from a massive third-degree burn? A)unbearable pain B)infection C)loss of immune function D)catastrophic fluid loss

catastrophic fluid loss

Earwax is made by ________. A)melanocytes B)sebaceous glands C)ceruminous glands D)keratinocytes

ceruminous glands

Choose which tissue would line the uterine (fallopian) tubes and function as a "conveyer belt" to help move a fertilized egg towards the uterus. A)simple cuboidal epithelium B)ciliated simple columnar epithelium C)smooth muscle D)stratified squamous epithelium

ciliated simple columnar epithelium

Choose which tissue would line the uterine (fallopian) tubes and function as a "conveyer belt" to help move a fertilized egg towards the uterus. A)stratified squamous epithelium B)smooth muscle C)ciliated simple columnar epithelium D)simple cuboidal epithelium

ciliated simple columnar epithelium

All living organisms maintain an external boundary. Which of the following systems functions only within the body? A)integumentary system B)digestive system C)circulatory system D)respiratory system E)urinary system

circulatory system

The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is ________. A)elastic B)muscle C)collagen D)reticular

collagen

You observe a uniform tissue under a microscope. There is no lumen. The material looks densely packed, but you do not observe many nuclei. It appears that there are strands of fibers running in parallel directions. What type of tissue are you looking at? A)epithelial tissue B)connective tissue C)nervous tissue D)muscle tissue

connective tissue

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of nervous tissue? A)used for support and insulation B)creates linings C)transmits electrical impulses D)highly branched cells

creates linings

Which of the following is a dry membrane exposed to the air? A)mucous membrane B)cutaneous membrane C)serous membrane D)synovial membrane

cutaneous membrane

Which of the following is a modification of the simple columnar epithelium that allows for efficient absorption along portions of the digestive tract? A)fibroblasts B)cilia C)dense microvilli D)thin and permeable

dense microvilli

Which structures of the dermis give rise to friction ridges (fingerprints)? A)dermal ridges B)dermal papillae C)flexure lines D)epidermal ridges

dermal ridges

The skin consists of two main regions. From deep to superficial they are the ________. A)dermis and epidermis B)epidermis and dermis C)hypodermis and epidermis D)hypodermis and dermis

dermis and epidermis

Which skin appendages aid in cooling the body to prevent overheating on a hot day or during intense exercise? A)apocrine sweat glands B)eccrine sweat glands C)ceruminous glands D)sebaceous glands

eccrine sweat glands

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________. A)blood calcium level regulation B)body temperature regulation C)regulating glucose levels in the blood D)enhancement of labor contractions

enhancement of labor contractions

A substance received or given off by your body will likely pass through which tissue type? A)nervous tissue B)epithelial tissue C)connective tissue D)muscle tissue

epithelial tissue

Which tissue type consists of a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity? A)epithelial tissue B)connective tissue C)muscle tissue D)nervous tissue

epithelial tissue

What tissue type has polarity and is avascular? A)connective tissue B)muscle C)epithelium D)nervous tissue

epithelium

The major regions of a hair shaft include all of the following except ________. A)cuticle B)cortex C)external root sheath D)medulla

external root sheath

Eyebrow hairs are always shorter than hairs on your head because ________. A)they grow much slower B)hormones in the eyebrow follicle switch the growth off after it has reached a predetermined length C)eyebrow follicles are only active for a few months D)the vascular supply of the eyebrow follicle is one-tenth that of the head hair follicle

eyebrow follicles are only active for a few months

T/F Cells in the stratum corneum undergo mitosis to keep the layer thick and protective.

false

T/F Cells within the body work independently of one another and rarely have direct effects on other cells.

false

T/F Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception through old age.

false

T/F Intercalated discs and striations are both characteristic of skeletal muscle.

false

T/F Merocrine glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions internally until the cell ruptures.

false

T/F Nervous tissue consists mainly of neurons and collagen fibers.

false

T/F Our skin helps us to regulate our body temperature by causing shivering. Is this statement true or false?

false

T/F Tendons and ligaments are composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue.

false

T/F The basic difference between dense irregular and dense regular connective tissues is in the amount of elastic fibers and adipose cells present.

false

T/F The biggest risk factor for the development of skin cancer is excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. Exposure to UV light in a tanning booth is safer. Is this statement true or false?

false

T/F The hyponychium is commonly called the cuticle.

false

T/F The skin is not able to receive stimuli because the cells of the epidermis are not living and therefore there are no sensory receptors in the skin.

false

T/F When a patient is said to have "third-degree burns," this indicates that the patient has burns that cover approximately one-third or more of the body.

false

T/F When an individual is exposed to extremely cold air the dermal blood vessels will dilate so that more blood will be brought closer to the outside surface of the skin.

false

Connective tissue extracellular matrix is composed of ________. A)all organic compounds B)ground substance and cells C)cells and fibers D)fibers and ground substance

fibers and ground substance

The primary blast cell for connective tissue proper is the ________. A)fibroblast B)osteoblast C)hemocytoblast D)chondroblast

fibroblast

After a heart attack, fibrosis occurs at the site of cardiac muscle cell death. This reduces the efficiency of the heart's pumping activity because __________. A)the undamaged cardiac muscle cells become fatigued from the energy expended during the healing process B)fibrous connective tissue is incapable of contracting C)fibrosis produces new cardiac muscle cells that are not as strong as the mature ones that died D)the initial death of some cardiac muscle cells triggers a chain reaction in which progressively more and more neighboring healthy cells die

fibrous connective tissue is incapable of contracting

Your instructor gives you an unknown organ for you to examine and identify through microscopy. What should you do first with the sample? A)cut it into sections B)stain it to enhance contrast C)fix it with preservative D)examine it for artifacts

fix it with preservative

Which cells are commonly found wedged between simple columnar epithelial cells? A)macrophages B)mast cells C)goblet cells D)fibroblasts

goblet cells

The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ________ anatomy. A)gross B)systemic C)developmental D)microscopic

gross

What are the three main components of connective tissue? A)collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers B)alveoli, fibrous capsule, and secretory cells C)ground substance, fibers, and cells D)fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts

ground substance, fibers, and cells

Anabolic reactions are chemical reactions of the body that build things, make them bigger or more complex. Catabolic reactions break things down making them smaller or less complex. If the rate of anabolic reaction in the body is much faster than the rate of catabolic reactions which of the following necessary life function will be accomplished? A)movement B)growth C)responsiveness D)digestion

growth

In people with lighter skin, respiratory failure can lead to a change in the color of the skin. Which pigmentation factor is affecting this change? A)folic acid B)melanin C)carotene D)hemoglobin

hemoglobin

Which is true concerning muscle tissue? A)contains contractile units made of collagen B)is a single-celled tissue C)highly cellular and well vascularized D)cuboidal shape enhances function

highly cellular and well vascularized

The first step in tissue repair involves ________. A)formation of scar tissue B)replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells C)inflammation D)proliferation of fibrous connective tissue

inflammation

The correct order of events in tissue repair, from first to last, is __________. A)organization, inflammation, and regeneration B)inflammation, regeneration, and organization C)regeneration, organization, and inflammation D)inflammation, organization, and regeneration

inflammation, organization, and regeneration

Heart muscle cells would tend to separate without ________ A)stroma B)myofilaments C)intercalated discs D)flana

intercalated discs

Smooth muscle __________. A)has striations B)contains intercalated discs C)is under involuntary control D)has long, cylindrical cells

is under involuntary control

Which skin pigment is made in the skin itself? A)melanin B)keratin C)carotene D)hemoglobin

melanin

The most dangerous type of skin cancer is ________. A)melanoma B)squamous cell carcinoma C)basal cell carcinoma D)All of these skin cancers are equally dangerous.

melanoma

Which type of skin cancer is the most dangerous because it is highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy? A)melanoma B)basal cell carcinoma C)adenoma D)squamous cell carcinoma

melanoma

The skin is NOT a __________ barrier. A)biological B)metabolic C)chemical D)physical

metabolic

Which life process, which relies heavily on nutrient inputs from the respiratory and digestive systems, sustains all other life processes? A)movement B)metabolism C)reproduction D)responsiveness

metabolism

Which subdivision of anatomy would include the study of individual cells? A)gross anatomy B)microscopic anatomy C)systemic anatomy D)developmental anatomy

microscopic anatomy

Which of the following are INCORRECTLY paired? A)epithelium; endoderm and ectoderm B)nervous tissue; ectoderm C)connective tissue; mesoderm D)muscle; endoderm

muscle; endoderm

Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli? A)lymphatic B)muscular C)immune D)nervous

nervous

Which organ systems function as control systems, communicating with other cells/organs to regulate their activities? A)nervous and cardiovascular systems B)cardiovascular and digestive systems C)cardiovascular and endocrine systems D)nervous and endocrine systems

nervous and endocrine systems

Which of the following are survival needs of the body? A)water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement B)nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction C)nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen D)nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction

nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) ________. A)organ system B)complex cell C)complex tissue D)organ

organ

Which layer of the dermis is directly below the epidermis? A)papillary layer B)stratum basale C)reticular layer D)hypodermis

papillary layer

A dendritic or Langerhan cell is a specialized ________. A)squamous epithelial cell B)nerve cell C)melanocyte D)phagocytic cell

phagocytic cell

It is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology because ________. A)physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy B)to understand anatomy requires complete understanding of physiology C)it makes for more efficient use of students' and teachers' time D)anatomy and physiology are practically the same thing

physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because ________. A)positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level B)positive feedback is critical to health while negative feedback serves only to alert us to potential health threats C)positive feedback is generally beneficial while negative feedback is typically harmful D)positive feedback provides moment-to-moment wellbeing while negative feedback causes a cascade effect

positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level

Sebum does NOT ________. A)protect the skin from the damaging effects of UV radiation B)protect the skin from bacteria C)lubricate the skin D)slow water loss from the skin during low humidity conditions

protect the skin from the damaging effects of UV radiation

Which of the following is NOT a function of sebum? A)lubrication of the skin B)protection from bacteria C)prevention of water loss D)protection from UV radiation

protection from UV radiation

In connective tissue, the role of elastic fibers is to __________. A)retain fluid B)provide flexibility C)form delicate networks around blood vessels D)provide tensile strength

provide flexibility

In a homeostatic control mechanism, which component monitors the environment? A)receptor B)control center C)stimulus D)effector

receptor

Some of the nerve endings in the skin are sensitive to changes in temperature. They are part of a negative feedback mechanism regulating body temperature. These nerve endings represent a(n) ________ in the negative feedback mechanism. A)effector B)homeostatic balance or "ideal" value C)receptor D)control center

receptor

With regards to a variation of a physiological value from its set point or normal limit, negative feedback always __________ the value back to the set point or normal limit. A)returns B)increases C)decreases D)There is not enough information to answer this question.

returns

Acne is a disorder associated with ________. A)ceruminous glands B)sebaceous glands C)sweat glands D)Meibomian glands

sebaceous glands

Susan sat out in the sun watching a baseball game. She developed small blisters on her unprotected shoulders and neck. What type of burn is represented by the formation of the blisters? A)first-degree burn B)second-degree burn C)full-thickness burn D)third-degree burn

second-degree burn

One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to ________. A)the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger B)sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them C)the necessity for all organisms to reproduce D)indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system

sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them

Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which epithelial tissue? A)stratified squamous B)simple columnar C)simple squamous D)transitional

simple columnar

You observe a tissue under a microscope. There appears to be a lumen on one side of the tissue. Lining this lumen, the cells seem to have long, fingerlike projections. Beneath the projections, the cells seem to have the shape of shoeboxes and are packed tightly together. What type of tissue are you looking at? A)stratified squamous epithelia B)simple columnar epithelia C)simple cuboidal epithelia D)transitional epithelia

simple columnar epithelia

Which tissue type is formed by many cells joining together, each contributing a nucleus? A)dense regular B)cardiac muscle C)skeletal muscle D)smooth muscle

skeletal muscle

Injured cartilage might heal more quickly if a treatment were discovered that would __________. A)prevent chondrocytes from dividing and thereby reducing the relative amount of matrix that is present in the cartilage B)stimulate blood vessels to develop within cartilage C)stimulate calcification of cartilage D)All of the listed responses are correct.

stimulate blood vessels to develop within cartilage

A many-layered epithelium with cuboidal basal cells and flat cells at its surface would be classified as ________. A)simple cuboidal B)simple squamous C)stratified squamous D)transitional

stratified squamous

Which of the following epithelial tissue types is NOT correctly matched to its function? A)simple columnar epithelium with microvilli; absorption B)simple squamous epithelium; filtration C)simple cuboidal epithelium; secretion D)stratified squamous epithelium; absorption

stratified squamous epithelium; absorption

Pigment can be found in several layers of the epidermis. In which layers would you expect to find the cells that produce melanin? A)stratum granulosum B)stratum basale C)stratum spinosum D)stratum lucidum

stratum basale

Which stratum of the epidermis contains the stem cells responsible for regenerating the more superficial layers? A)stratum spinosum B)stratum corneum C)stratum granulosum D)stratum basale

stratum basale

The ________ is a thin translucent band found only in thick skin. A)stratum lucidum B)stratum granulosum C)stratum spinosum D)stratum basale

stratum lucidum

Which of the following is a metabolic function of skin? A)cutaneous sensation B)body temperature regulation C)synthesis of a vitamin D precursor D)elimination of nitrogenous wastes

synthesis of a vitamin D precursor

The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that ________. A)it is located just below the epidermis and protects the dermis from shock B)it has no delicate nerve endings and can therefore absorb more shock C)the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber D)the cells that make up the hypodermis secrete a protective mucus

the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber

The source of the fluid that accumulates in a blister is________. A)water that is absorbed from the environment into the skin B)water that is squeezed out of the overlying epidermal cells C)the plasma of the blood flowing through the numerous dermal blood vessels D)none of the above

the plasma of the blood flowing through the numerous dermal blood vessels

Which of the following represents the correct order in which the components interact in a homeostatic control system? A)the receptor, the stimulus, and the effector B)the receptor, the control center, and the effector C)the variable, the receptor, and the set point D)the effector, the stimulus, and the receptor

the receptor, the control center, and the effector

The dermis has two major layers. Which layer constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin? A)the hypodermal layer B)the reticular layer C)the papillary layer D)the subcutaneous layer

the reticular layer

William has a cut that is superficial, painful but not bleeding. Based on this information you would predict that the cut has penetrated to ________. A)the stratum basale but not the dermal layers B)the stratum corneum but not the stratum granulosum C)the subcutaneous layer, but no deeper D)the papillary layer but not the reticular layer

the stratum basale but not the dermal layers

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function form a(n) ________. A)organ system B)organism C)organ D)tissue

tissue

Histology would be best defined as a study of ________. A)cells B)tissues C)the gross structures of the body D)cell chemistry

tissues

Generally what is the result of the negative feedback process? A)to control body movement B)to regulate excretion via the kidneys C)to maintain homeostasis D)to keep the body's blood sugar level high

to maintain homeostasis

T/F . Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them.

true

T/F A smooth muscle cell has a central nucleus but lacks striations.

true

T/F All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function. This property is called polarity.

true

T/F Blood is considered a type of connective tissue.

true

T/F Depending on the functional state of the bladder, transitional epithelium may resemble stratified squamous or stratified cuboidal epithelium.

true

T/F Epithelial tissues always exhibit apical-basal polarity; meaning that cell regions near the apical surface differ from those near the basal surface.

true

T/F In the presence of sunlight, modified cholesterol is converted into Vitamin D precursors in the skin.

true

T/F It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it.

true

T/F Lungs carry out an excretory function.

true

T/F Melanin protects skin cell DNA from the damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

true

T/F Regardless of race, all human beings have about the same number of melanocytes.

true

T/F The action of the arrector pili muscle is very similar in humans as it is in other mammals but its beneficial functions differ.

true

T/F The biggest risk factor for the development of skin cancer is excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight.

true

T/F The role of brown fat is to warm the body; whereas, the role of white fat is to store nutrients.

true

T/F The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage.

true

T/F The skin cancer most likely to metastasize is cancer of the melanocytes.

true

T/F Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance.

true

Which statement best describes connective tissue? A)usually contains a large amount of matrix B)primarily concerned with secretion C)usually lines a body cavity D)typically arranged in a single layer of cells

usually contains a large amount of matrix

What protects the fetus's skin within the water-filled amniotic sac? A)vellus hair B)vernix caseosa C)terminal hair D)lanugo hairs

vernix caseosa

Chondroblasts ________. A)are mature cartilage cells located in spaces called lacunae B)never lose their ability to divide C)within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix D)remain in compact bone even after the epiphyseal plate closes

within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix