Final Art 105

added tropical delicately painted, light against dark ground nature and technology in balance.

Bridge at Metlac

False - Portinari tended to generalize his subjects

Candido Portinari painted mestizos as true individuals, not as "types."

now a museum

Casa Azul is ___________.

Landesio's Mexican scenes

Claudian Landscape was basis of

contained information about the lords of Tenochtitlan, the tribute paid to the Aztecs, and an account of life "from year to year."

Codex Mendoza,

True

In addition to murals, David Alfaro Siqueiros made prints in order to disseminate his message

cities; favelas or slums

In her paintings of 1924, Tarsila do Amaral focused on two themes. They were ___________ and ____________.

True

Indigenism is the official attitude of praising and fostering native values.

Eugenio Landesio

brought to Mexico by Italian Eugenio Landesio while Landesio idealized nature, Velasco naturalized rather the romanticized the landscape

True

Both the paintings and sculptures of Joaquin Torres-Garcia contain imagery from ancient Peru.

Polio

As a child, Frida suffered from ____________.

True

At times, Rivera's figures bear a resemblance to those of Picasso.

Picasso and de Chirico

Aizenberg was influenced by two European artists, _____________ and _____________.

being too concerned with locality and not enough with art, and for painting boring vegetation. complained that Velasco's landscapes painted unnatural landscapes through a telescope

Altamirano poet and critic who criticized Velasco for

True

Although Frida traveled the world with Diego, she consistently wore her indigenous dress and jewelry.

True

Although he is well known for them, Velasco painted scenes that included lush foliage.

False Malfatti's work provoked considerable hostility among the public and critics.

An exhibition of Anita Malfatti's paintings in 1917 was received with praise and acclaim.

False - After returning from Europe in 1915, Reveron painted landscapes, scenes in the open air in the manner of the Impressionists, though his are completely unique

Armando Reveron traveled and studied in Europe and on his return dedicated his artistic life to a Cubist style.

True - Siqueiros used projectors and cameras to assist him in his work.

David Alfaro Siqueiros used and encouraged modern painting technologies and techniques.

Chichen Itza

Diego Rivera first became aware of pre-Columbian murals when he visited ____________ in 1921.

True

Diego Rivera was a member of the Communist Party.

True

Early influences on the Taller de Grafica Popular included American Works Progress Administration works.

Velasco concerned with celebrating modernization- important economic development of the period Veracruz railway completed in 1872

El Citlatepetl (has some tropical scenes but even in these he is often more centrally in Mexico aspect)

The classical landscape was brought to Mexico by _____________.

Eugenio Landesio

Aizenberg

For the artist _____________ automatism became a way of what he called 'evading the interference of local considerations,' which resulted in a very individual style.

satirical-humorous newspaper with an abundance of cartoons

In Cuba, the publication Don Junipero described itself as a _______________.

emblem of Mexico - eagle alighted on cactus

Founding myth of Aztec capital Tenochtitlan 1325

False

Frida Kahlo's fame was equal to her husband's during her lifetime.

False

Frida Kahlo's family was very excited for her to marry such a noteworthy artist as Diego Rivera.

herself

Frida chose ___________ as her most common subject matter.

Chinese magic'

Hector Hyppolite referred to Wifredo Lam's work as ________________.

by ambulance

How did Frida arrive at the opening of her first solo exhibition in Mexico?

Distant plume of smoke marks railway track

Lake Chalco

The European concept of traditional landscape painting had originated in the 17th c. with the artists ____________ and ___________.

Lorraine and Poussin

Pictures composed in the studio according to compositional principles - farmed by clumps of trees or a hill, vistas form foreground to horizon in alternating bands of dark and light, slight angles to smooth the transition, often with winding river to help draw the eye into the distance.

Lorraine painted nature as ideal

conservative students of the school

Many of the original murals of the National Preparatory school were destroyed by ____________.

True

Of their printmaking processes, lino-cuts were the easiest and cheapest to produce, making them a readily available means for getting out information.

False - Although Dia de los Muertos is often referred to as such, Esparza's focus is on honoring the dead without the frightening, superficially superstitious connotations associated with Halloween.

Ofelia Esparza refers to Dia de los Muertos and the "Mexican Halloween."

True

One aspect of Frida's work that illustrates her devotion to indigenous imagery is the use of inscriptions traditionally found on ex-votos or retablos.

True

One of the features of the publication La Calavera was more visual content.

Pedro Figari

Originally a lawyer, ____________ began painting in his '60s with a special focus on candombe and genre scenes.

Dartmouth College

Orozco painted an extensive mural program at _____________.

Jose Maria Velasco

Painted landscapes of Mexio dominated last decades of 19th quality of freshness and naturalism, careful observation light handling of foreground detail, reveals his love of grand panorama

figures from classical mythology introduced poetic elements, emphasized ideal character of the scene

Poetic element

land ownership

Political philosopher and journalist José Carlos Mariátegui posed the idea that the greatest problem for the Indian was ______________.

False - Many of the editors of publications critical of the government were arrested and jailed.

Political works by Posada and others were protected by free speech.

True

Posada made use of well known photographs of a political nature in his graphic works.

True

Posada went on to inspire the works of Mexican muralists such as Rivera.

Vibrationism

Rafael Barradas, from Uruguay, spent several years in Barcelona and Madrid and as a result, laid the cornerstone for the art movement known as ____________.

True-The figure of the flower seller evokes both shaman and Christ.

Religious allusions can be found in Rivera's Flower Day.

False - Reveron indeed led a hermitic life but enjoyed patronage from the Caracas Elite, and exhibited every year from 1940 at the official Salon in Caracas.

Reveron was a hermit and, upon returning from Europe, never exhibited his work publicly, an artist whose talent was discovered after his death.

True

Rivera collected popular, naïve art.

False - All three muralists, Rivera, Orozco, and Siqueiros, painted important murals in the US.

Rivera is the only member of Los Tres Grandes to produce murals in the United States

False - Rivera painted the flower bearer multiple times with different media.

Rivera painted the image of a flower bearer or seller only one time, his mural at the Ministry of Education.

East Los Angeles

Self Help Graphics is located in _____________.

True - The publications Dyn and Cuadernos Americanos are two examples.

Several publications, supportive and critical of Surrealism, emerged in Latin America as part of the ongoing conversation about the exploration of the subconscious through imagery and writing.-

True

Siqueiros rarely utilized themes from Mexican history, and was more absorbed in the class struggle of contemporary Mexico.

True

Siqueiros viewed his art as propaganda.

True

The "Claudian landscape" was the basis of Landesio's approach to scenes in Mexico.

True

The Cuban born artist Lam spent time in Paris and had contact with the French Surrealists.

True

The European writer and poet Andre Breton believed that Mexico possessed its own natural form of magical realism.

Kahlo

The Latin American artist that Breton seems to be most admiring of, and one he thought reached a natural state of surrealist in their work was ______________

True

The Taller de Grafica Popular produced numerous portfolios of lithographs and woodcuts exposing the exploitation of the poor, attacking the abuse of peasant rights, and the continuing latifundio land ownership system.

a printmaking workshop in Mexico

The Taller de Grafica Popular was

False

The Uruguayan artist Carlos Gonzalez made prints with a special focus on European scenes.

False-Radical art and revolutionary politics were even more crucial in Latin America than it was in Europe.

The art of Latin America was free from political content by the end of the 19th century, moving into the 20th.-

Altamirano

The critic ____________ criticized Velasco's work saying the colors were dull, the scenery boring, and his sense of depth unnatural.

True

The cults in Haiti, Cuba and Brazil have the same divinities, even though they had different names.

True

The editor Arroyo would often use Posada's images more than once. For example, by inserting new names for firing squad victims.

Paris

The first lithographic press for the Taller de Grafica Popular was from

False - Often the calaveras were dressed in modern clothing as a way of satirizing current social and political practices and policies.

The image of the calavera always appeared as mere bones.

Hector Hyppolite

The noteworthy Latin American artist who was, himself, a voodoo priest was _______________.

True

The ombu tree featured in Figari's paintings was most valued as a landmark and came to symbolize the pampas of Uruguay.

Jose Vasconcelos

The philosopher and revolutionary _____________ is given credit for advancing the early stages of a government sponsored mural program.

Lazaro Cardenas

The presidency of ______________ supported efforts by the Taller de Grafica Popular as well as the muralists in making radical reforms

Leopoldo Mendez

The primary founder of the Taller de Grafica Popular was

True

The quality of light captured by Velasco in his landscapes was more naturalistic than that of Landesio.

False-In automatism, the hand is allowed to move randomly, allowing chance and accident to take place in art making in an effort to release the unconscious mind.

The technique of automatism involved careful and meticulous planning in its execution.

False

Two engraving clubs were founded in Brazil but were used as the voice of the conservative government.

Velasco greatest subject was

Valley of Mexico, ringed by volcanoes, twin peaks of Popoctepetl and Iztaccihuatl heat of the Aztec Empire transform structures of classica landscape

False

Velasco brought Impressionism back to Mexico after his visit and exhibition in Paris in 1889. From that point on he was known as the Mexican Impressionist.

True - His paintings of the Mexico City Veracruz Railway are a good example.

Velasco is known to have included documentation of modernization in his landscape paintings.

eliminated framing trees and hills, shifted horizon line higher up canvas, vanishing point well below, not on horizon. emphasis on dramatic foreground features which seem to fall forward use of naturalistic light

Velasco method

False -Velasco placed his vanishing point and horizon line high on the canvas so as to emphasize the sweeping nature of the landscape.

Velasco would typically place his vanishing point on the lower third of his paintings.

the Valley of Mexico

Velasco's most famous subject was ____________.

Surrealism

What art movement often claims Kahlo's work even though she denied sharing their style?

True - His work in the US, especially the Detroit Industry Murals, made analogies with industrial workers and farmers in Mexico.

While Rivera found excitement in the modern industrial world, he used this imagery to as a means of social criticism and to emphasize exploitation of workers.

A bus accident

___________ ultimately caused Frida to become an artist.

Corridos

______________ are stories told in poetic form and sung to simple music, much like English ballads, that use colloquial language, very much like a newspaper put to music

17th century landscapes

classical landscape infused with picturesque and romantic attitudes reflect European ideas of nature and civilization, part of Velasco's formation as an artist influence by Claude Lorraine and Nicolas Poussin

figures from classical mythology introduced poetic elements.

emphasized ideal character of the scene

Tarsila do Amaral

is known as the Picasso of Brazil.

Around 1541, commissioned a codex to record information about the Aztec empire.

the first viceroy of New Spain, Antonio de Mendoza

painting relates to idea that Mexico's pre-Spanish strengthens Mexico foreground sweeps the the left, suggesting vastness. dark mass of hill points to the city rocks vegetation and craggy hillside presented as characteristic of Mexico

valley of Mexico 1877

1877 version replaced ideal nature of classical landscape with wild and rugged feature, foreground figures replaced by eagle and cactus

view of valley of Mexico compare from Velasco

Sabogal

was a self-taught artist.

Revueltas

was the first muralist to use the stereotype of an Indian dressed in white.