**Final - Chapter 19 Mixed Quizzes

For DNA probes to hybridize

=A) DNA strands must be homologous, having regions with similar or identical nucleotide sequences B) DNA strands must be non-homologous C) DNA must be complementary to RNA D) DNA must be fragmented by reverse transcriptase

In the process of cloning eukaryotic DNA into prokaryotic cells, the role of reverse transcriptase is to make

=A) Double-stranded eukaryotic cDNA from mature mRNA B) Mature mRNA from precursor mRNA C) Bacterial DNA from eukaryotic DNA D) Double-stranded DNA with introns added back E) mRNA from DNA

"Sticky ends" are

=A) Single-stranded DNA sequences that are generated by staggered cuts. B) Double-stranded DNA sequences that are generated by staggered cuts. C) Single-stranded DNA sequences that are generated by blunt cuts. D) Double-stranded DNA sequences that are generated by blunt cuts. E) Different from cohesive ends.

After heating and cooling the mixture, which of the following synthesizes the complementary strands of DNA?

=A) Taq polymerase B) deoxyribonucleotides C) ribonucleotides D) DNA molecules E) DNA primers

DNA fragments can hybridize with plasmids that have been cut by the same restriction enzyme.

=A) True B) False

DNA ligase enzyme joins the cohesive ends of the desired DNA fragment with the cohesive ends of the plasmid.

=A) True B) False

Nucleotides are made to attach to the glass by a light activation reaction.

=A) True B) False

PCR can be used to amplify DNA from any source.

=A) True B) False

PCR is carried out in machines termed thermocyclers.

=A) True B) False

The cells containing the are then plated on an agar medium.

=A) True B) False

The joining of sticky ends involves the formation of phosphodiester bonds.

=A) True B) False

The plasmid used for cloning has a single restriction site.

=A) True B) False

Using PCR, over 1 million copies of DNA can be made from a single strand of DNA overnight.

=A) True B) False

Arrange the following in the proper sequence in which they occur during a single PCR cycle. 1. Addition of DNA nucleotides by Taq polymerase 2. Complementary base pairing between primers and target DNA 3. Heat separation of strands of target DNA

A) 1, 2, 3 B) 2, 1, 3 C) 2, 3, 1 =D) 3, 2, 1 E) 3, 1, 2

Arrange the following events in the proper sequence for gene cloning. 1 = Incorporate gene into bacterial plasmid 2 = Isolate DNA from organism containing desired gene 3 = Incorporate cloned gene into bacterial cells 4 = Fragment DNA with restriction enzyme

A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 2, 1, 4, 3 C) 2, 3, 4, 1 =D) 2, 4, 1, 3 E) 2, 4, 3, 1

A microarray commonly contains _______ nucleotides.

A) 1-5 B) 5-15 =C) 15-25 D) 25-100 E) 100-500

If you start with one double-stranded DNA molecule and you perform SIX cycles of PCR, how many double-stranded copies of the DNA will you have?

A) 6 B) 8 C) 16 D) 32 =E) 64

The function of the enzyme ligase is to

A) Add new DNA to the plasmid. B) Remove DNA from the plasmid. =C) Form covalent bonds between cloned gene and plasmid. D) Repair damaged DNA. E) Purify the plasmid DNA.

Plasmids containing DNA fragment are incorporated into bacterial hosts by...

A) Conjugation. B) Transduction. =C) Transformation. D) Transposons. E) Vectors.

Each of the different bacteria that contain the DNA fragments...

A) Contain identical DNA fragments. =B) Contain different DNA fragments. C) Contain the entire DNA library. D) Contain the desired cloned gene. E) Contain identical plasmids.

Restriction enzymes

A) Cut donor DNA evenly so smooth edges result B) Cut donor DNA but do not affect plasmids =C) Make staggered cuts at specific sequences in DNA in both donor DNA and plasmid D) Are used to incorporate plasmids into bacterial host cells

In order to clone eukaryotic DNA into prokaryotic cells

A) DNA with both exons and introns must be used =B) DNA without introns must be added C) RNA with both exons and introns must be used D) Exons must be removed from eukaryotic DNA E) Introns must be added back to eukaryotic DNA

cDNA is

A) DNA with both introns and exons that can be cloned into prokaryotes B) DNA with only introns that can be cloned into prokaryotes =C) Eukaryotic DNA with only exons that can be cloned into prokaryotes D) Used to make precursor mRNA

During PCR, which primer anneals to DNA with its 3' end towards the center of the sequence to be amplified?

A) Forward primer only B) Reverse primer only =C) Both the forward and reverse primers D) Either the forward or reverse primer, but not both E) Neither the forward nor reverse primer

Restriction enzymes do all of the following except...

A) Fragment DNA. B) Produce staggered cuts in specific DNA sequences. C) Generate fragments with cohesive ends. =D) Isolate and purify DNA. E) Cleave plasmids.

Which of the following could NOT be the recognition site of a restriction endonculease?

A) GAATTC CTTAAG B) ATCGAT TAGCTA C) CTGCAG GACGTC =D) GCTTGC CGAACG E) GGATCC CCTAGG

Human DNA cut with restriction enzyme A can be joined to

A) Human DNA cut with restriction enzyme B. B) Human DNA that is uncut. =C) Bacterial DNA cut with restriction enzyme A. D) Bacterial DNA that is uncut. E) None of the above

The first step in cloning a gene is to

A) Insert a plasmid into a bacterium =B) Isolate the DNA from the organism that contains the desired gene C) Plate cells on agar D) Treat plasmids with restriction enzymes

DNA probes are used to

A) Locate complementary RNA sequences in a test sample B) Make homologous DNA C) Make homologous RNA =D) Locate a specific DNA nucleotide sequence in a test sample

For DNA amplification to occur, which of the following are needed?

A) Loose ribonucleotides B) RNA primers =C) Thermostable DNA polymerase D) B and C E) All of the above

The purpose of PCR is to

A) Make more copies of DNA primers to increase protein synthesis =B) Make many copies of an organism's DNA sequence so a small number of organisms will become large enough to be identified C) Make more RNA so large units of protein can be synthesized D) Recycle DNA using thermocyclers

PCR requires all of the following EXCEPT

A) Primers. =B) DNA ligase. C) DNA polymerase. D) DNA of interest. E) deoxyrobinucleotides.

A microarray is a

A) Ray of a small wavelength B) A type of ultraviolet ray C) An RNA probe used to identify viruses =D) An arrangement of oligonucleotide probes, closely arranged on a small solid support surface

The single-stranded ends of DNA molecules can be joined together by

A) Restriction endonucleases. =B) DNA ligase. C) DNA polymerase. D) Primase. E) Helicase.

Plasmids are put into bacterial cells by

A) Restriction enzymes B) DNA ligase C) Binding of cohesive sticky ends =D) Transformation

The most likely source of the Taq polymerase used in PCR is a bacterium that lives in

A) Soil. B) Arctic ice. =C) Hot vents. D) Humans. E) Plants.

Which of the following hybridize with the ends of the gene to be amplified?

A) Taq polymerase B) deoxyribonucleotides C) ribonucleotides D) DNA molecules =E) DNA primers

This new complementary strand of DNA is constructed of which of the following?

A) Taq polymerase =B) Deoxyribonucleotide C) Ribonucleotides D) DNA molecules E) DNA primers

Taq polymerase starts copying at

A) The end of free single-stranded RNA B) Any open point C) RNA primers attached to the end of the desired gene =D) DNA primers attached to the end of the desired gene

All double-stranded DNA molecules generated by PCR are identical.

A) True =B) False

At high temperature, two complementary DNA strands will anneal.

A) True =B) False

By running the polymerase chain reaction overnight for twenty-one cycles, a single segment of DNA can be amplified to around a thousand copies.

A) True =B) False

During the PCR, the hydrogen bonds of the double-stranded DNA molecules are broken by the enzyme helicase.

A) True =B) False

Non-homologous DNA will attach to a DNA probe.

A) True =B) False

Prokaryotic DNA contains both exons and introns.

A) True =B) False

RNA polymerase removes exons from precursor RNA.

A) True =B) False

Restriction enzymes cut DNA at random sites.

A) True =B) False

Restriction enzymes cut only at specific sites and therefore are not useful for genetic engineering.

A) True =B) False

Since all of the resulting colonies are identical, the desired gene can then be isolated from each colony.

A) True =B) False

The polymerase chain reaction is a method for making copies of small amounts of several segments of DNA.

A) True =B) False

When DNA is heated, primers anneal to DNA strands.

A) True =B) False

When building a microarray, we know the sequence of the oligonucleotides, but not their position.

A) True =B) False

When interpreting the results of microarrays, the degree of hybridization between a given probe and an organism to be identified is measured by

A) Turbidity read in a spectrophotometer =B) Color intensity of an image produced by scanning with a laser beam C) Length of the probe formed D) Degree of agglutination E) Microscopy

In hybridization

A) Two DNAs from the same source combine =B) DNA from two separate sources combine C) DNA combines with complementary RNA D) DNA is split into two separate pieces