Final Chemistry Exam

Which compound is the most soluble in water? A)CH2OHCHOHCHOHCHOHCHOHCHO B)CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH C)CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 D)CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH

A)CH2OHCHOHCHOHCHOHCHOHCHO

What is the structure of myristic acid?

A.

Which structure is a prostaglandin?

A.

Which is hydrolysable lipid? a. A triacylglycerol b. A Steroid c. An Eicosanoid d. A Fat-Soluble

A. A Steroid

Which compound has the highest melting point? A)CH3(CH2)14COOH B)CH3(CH2)10CH=CH(CH2)2COOH C)CH3(CH2)2CH=CH(CH2)4CH=CH(CH2)4COOH D)CH3(CH2)2CH=CH(CH2)2CH=CH(CH2)2CH=CH(CH2)2COOH

A. CH3(CH2)14COOH

Hydrolysis of triacylglycerol's in the body occurs with the aid of which reagent? A) enzymes B) bases C) oxidizing agents D) sulfuric acid

A. Enzymes

Which is not an example of a lipid? a. Phenol b. Triacylglycerol c. Cholesterol d. Vitamin E

A. Phenol

Unlike most oils, which type of fatty acid is most common in coconut oil? A) saturated B) monounsaturated C) polyunsaturated D) trans

A. Saturated

Eicosanoids are a group of biologically active compounds containing 20 carbon atoms derived from the fatty acid arachidonic acid. A) True B) False

A. True

Lipids come in a wide variety of structures and have many different functions. A) True B) False

A. True

Prostaglandins are a group of carboxylic acids that contain a five-membered ring, and are responsible for inflammation. A) True B) False

A. True

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds in their long hydrocarbon chains. A) True B) False

A. True

The coating that surrounds and insulates nerve cells, the myelin sheath, is particularly rich in sphingomyelins, and is vital for proper nerve function. A) True B) False

A. True

The compound below is the amino alcohol known as sphingosine, which forms the backbone of sphingomyelins. A) True B) False

A. True

The three-dimensional structure of a trans triacylglycerol shows its similarity to saturated triacylglycerols. A) True B) False

A. True

Trans double bonds can be formed when triacylglycerols are partially hydrogenated. A) True B) False

A. True

Vitamins are organic compounds required in small quantities for normal metabolism. A) True B) False

A. True

Lactose is present in milk. What type of sugar is lactose? A) a disaccharide B) a monosaccharide C) a polysaccharide D) a starch

A. disaccharide

What process is used to move large polar molecules and ions, such as Cl- and HCO3-, through a cell membrane, traveling from the side of higher concentration to the side of lower concentration? A) facilitated transport B) diffusion C) active transport D) effusion

A. facilitated transport

What monosaccharide is found in cellulose, starch, and glycogen? A) glucose B) galactose C) sucrose D) fructose

A. glucose

Why are humans not able to digest cellulose? A) Humans cannot digest glucose. B) Humans do not possess the enzyme necessary to hydrolyze the 1®4-b-glycoside linkages found in cellulose. C) Humans do not possess the enzyme necessary to unwind the helical shape of the cellulose molecule. D) Humans do not possess the enzyme necessary to hydrolyze the 1®4-a-glycoside linkages found in cellulose.

B) Humans do not possess the enzyme necessary to hydrolyze the 1®4-b-glycoside linkages found in cellulose.

What is the structure of amylopectin? A) unbranched skeleton of glucose molecules joined by 1®4-a-glycoside linkages B) branched skeleton of glucose molecules joined by 1®4-a-glycoside linkages C) unbranched skeleton of glucose molecules joined by 1®4-b-glycoside linkages D) branched skeleton of glucose molecules joined by 1®4-b-glycoside linkages

B) branched skeleton of glucose molecules joined by 1®4-a-glycoside linkages

Which "cartoon" best represents the structure of a phosphoacylglycerol?

B.

How many triacylglycerols can be prepared from two different fatty acids? A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8

B. 4

Which structural feature is not found in sphingomyelins? A)an amide bond C)a phosphodiester B)a glycerol backbone D)an alcohol

B. A glycerol backbone

The compound shown below is classified as what type of a lipid? A) a fatty acid B) a wax C) an eicosanoid D) a triglyceride

B. A wax

What are monosaccharides with a carbonyl group at C1 called? A) anomers B) aldoses C) ketoses D) alditols

B. Aldoses

What hydrolysis products are formed when the wax CH3(CH2)18COO(CH2)17CH3 is treated with aqueous sulfuric acid? A)CH3(CH2)18CHO + CH3(CH2)16CH2OH B)CH3(CH2)18COOH + CH3(CH2)16CH2OH C)CH3(CH2)18COOH + CH3(CH2)16CH3 D)CH3(CH2)18COOH + CH3(CH2)16COOH E)CH3(CH2)18CH2OH + CH3(CH2)16COOH

B. B) CH3(CH2)18COOH + CH3(CH2)16CH2OH

The formation of what color in the Benedict's test indicates a reducing sugar is present in solution? A) blue B) brick red C) bright yellow D) silver

B. Brick red

An individual can survive on a completely fat-free diet. A) True B) False

B. False

Fats contain a larger percentage of unsaturation in their structures than oils do. A) True B) False

B. False

Hydrolysis of the triacylglycerol below provides the indicated products. A) True B) False

B. False

Lipids are defined as biomolecules that contain fatty acids as part of their structure. A) True B) False

B. False

Soap is prepared by the acid hydrolysis (saponification) of a triacylglycerol. A) True B) False

B. False

Tamoxifen is a widely used anti-estrogen drug used to treat tumors of the breast. Tamoxifen would be considered a hydrophilic molecule, having limited solubility in water and blood, and high solubility in fat. A) True B) False

B. False

The compound below is a phospholipid classified as a lecithin. A) True B) False

B. False

The compound below is an example of a simple triacylglycerol. A) True B) False

B. False

Triacylglycerols form lipid bilayers. A) True B) False

B. False

The contents on a box of cupcakes lists partially hydrogenated soybean oil. Partial hydrogenation of soybean oil has what effect? A)It produces fatty acid salts. B)It decreases the percent of unsaturation that is present. C)It hydrolyzes the triacylglycerol. D)It increases the number of fatty acids present.

B. It decreases the percent of unsaturation that is present.

Which type of fatty acid is most common in olive oil? A) saturated B) monounsaturated C) polyunsaturated D) trans

B. Monosaturated

What designation best describes linolenic acid, whose structure is shown below? A) omega-6 acid B) omega-3 acid C) omega-9 acid D) omega-1 acid

B. Omega-3 Acid.

Which is not true about prostaglandins? A)Prostaglandins decrease gastric secretions. B)Prostaglandins decrease inflammation. C)Prostaglandins inhibit blood platelet aggregation. D)Prostaglandins stimulate uterine contractions. E)Prostaglandins relax the smooth muscles of the uterus.

B. Prostaglandins decrease inflammation.

The block diagram for a phosphoacylglycerol (glycerophospholipid) is shown below. Phosphoacylglycerols can interact with both water and other lipids, and therefore are well suited for their role in the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Which statement best explains this behavior? A)They contain a phosphodiester. B)They contain both a hydrophobic region as well as a hydrophilic region. C)They contain both saturated fatty acids as well as unsaturated fatty acids. D)They contain both single bonds as well as double bonds.

B. They contain both a hydrophobic region as well as a hydrophilic region.

What is responsible for the different blood types in humans? A) three or four proteins attached to a membrane monosaccharide on the surface of red blood cells B) three or four monosaccharides attached to a membrane protein on the surface of red blood cells C) three or four amino acids attached to a membrane monosaccharide on the surface of red blood cells D) three or four lipids attached to a membrane polysaccharide on the surface of red blood cells

B. Three or four mono attached to a membrane protein on the surface of red blood cells.

Which is not a fat-soluble vitamin? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin C C) Vitamin E D) Vitamin K

B. Vitamin C

Which statement is not true? A)Vitamin A is obtained from liver, oily fish, and dairy products. B)Vitamin E is an oxidizing agent, oxidizing the unsaturated side chains in fatty acids. C)A severe deficiency of vitamin K leads to excessive and sometimes fatal bleeding, because of inadequate blood clotting. D)Vitamin D helps regulate both calcium and phosphorus metabolism.

B. Vitamin E is an oxidizing agent, oxidizing the unsaturated side chains in fatty acids.

Which is not an anabolic steroid? A) nandrolone B) cortisone C) stanozolol D) tetrahydrogestrinone

B. cortisone

Disaccharides and polysaccharides contain monosaccharide units joined together by which of the following? A) hydrogen bonding B) glycosidic linkages C) hemiacetal bonds D) dipole-dipole forces

B. glycosidic linkages

Which carbohydrates cannot be converted to simpler compounds by hydrolysis? A) disaccharides B) monosaccharides C) polysaccharides D) starches

B. monosaccharides.

What is the main component of the cell membrane? A)triacylglycerol's B)phospholipids C)steroids D)waxes E)prostaglandins

B. phospholipids.

What is the structure of cellulose? A) unbranched skeleton of glucose molecules joined by 1®4-a-glycoside linkages B) branched skeleton of glucose molecules joined by 1®4-a-glycoside linkages C) unbranched skeleton of glucose molecules joined by 1®4-b-glycoside linkages D) branched skeleton of glucose molecules joined by 1®4-b-glycoside linkages

C) unbranched skeleton of glucose molecules joined by 1®4-b-glycoside linkages

Which structure is the steroid skeleton?

C

The compound shown below is best classified as what type of lipid?

C.

Which is a trans fat?

C.

Waxes are formed from the reaction between which two types of compounds? A)a fatty acid and an amide B)a high molecular weight alcohol and an ester C)a fatty acid and a high molecular weight alcohol D)an ester and a fatty acid

C. A fatty acid and a high molecular weight alcohol.

Which is a nonhydrolyzable lipid? A) a triacylglycerol B) a wax C) an eicosanoid D) a phospholipid

C. An Eicosanoid

The structure of lipids is A)dominated by ionic regions. B)dominated by hydrophilic regions. C)dominated by hydrophobic regions. D)equally dominated by hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

C. Dominated by hydrophobic regions.

What functional group is contained in most hydrolysable lipids? A) amide B) ether C) ester D) carboxylic acid E) alkene

C. Ester

Which of these groups of compounds are phospholipids? A)leukotrienes B)fatty acids C)sphingomyelins D)adrenal cortical steroids

C. Sphingomyelins.

Which is a hydrolyzable lipid? A) a leukotriene B) cholesterol C) a phosphoacylglycerol D) Vitamin A

C. a phosphocylglycerol

Cetyl palmitate is a component of spermaceti wax isolated from the heads of sperm whales, and is used in cosmetics. In which solvent would cetyl palmitate be expected to have the greatest solubility? A) acetic acid B) ethanol C) hexane D) water

C. hexane

Complete metabolism of a triacylglycerol yields which of the following? A)glycerol, fatty acids, and a great deal of energy B)fatty acids and a great deal of energy C)fatty acids, H2O, and a great deal of energy D)CO2, H2O, and a great deal of energy

D. CO2, H2O, and a great deal of energy

Salicin is a naturally occurring, carbohydrate-containing pain reliever. Which statement concerning the functional groups present in salicin is incorrect? A) Salicin contains an acetal. C) Salicin contains a hemiacetal. B) Salicin contains an alcohol. D) Salicin contains a phenol.

D) Salicin contains a phenol.

Which lipid has the lowest melting point?

D.

Which compound has the lowest melting point? A)CH3(CH2)14COOH B)CH3(CH2)10CH=CH(CH2)2COOH C)CH3(CH2)2CH=CH(CH2)4CH=CH(CH2)4COOH D)CH3(CH2)2CH=CH(CH2)2CH=CH(CH2)2CH=CH(CH2)2COOH

D. CH3(CH2)2CH=CH(CH2)2CH=CH(CH2)2CH=CH(CH2)2COOH

Fats and oils are structurally both triacylglycerols, but fats are solids at room temperature and oils are liquids at room temperature. Which statement best describes the reason for their difference in physical state? A)Fats are simple triacylglycerols and oils are mixed triacylglycerols. B)Oils are simple triacylglycerols and fats are mixed triacylglycerols. C)Oils contain longer fatty acid chains than fats do, and therefore have higher melting points than fats. D)Fats contain a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids than oils do, and therefore have higher melting points than oils.

D. Fats contain a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids than oils do, and therefore have higher melting points than oils.

Which statement concerning lipid functions is incorrect? A)Steroid hormones act as messenger molecules and regulate biochemical processes. B)Phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol provide structure for cell membranes. C)Triacylglycerols are used for long term energy storage. D)Plants and animals use waxes for insulation.

D. Plants and animals use waxes for insulation.

What is the polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in animals? A) cellulose B) amylose C) amylopectin D) glycogen

D. glycogen

Which statement is not true? A)Cholesterol is the most prominent member of the steroid family. B)Cholesterol is insoluble in the aqueous medium of the blood. C)Cholesterol serves as the starting material for the synthesis of all other steroids. D)Cholesterol is a vital component for healthy cell membranes. E)Cholesterol cannot be synthesized in the body, and therefore is required in the diet.

E. Cholesterol cannot be synthesized in the body, and therefore is required in the diet.

What is the most common type of starch molecules? A) cellulose B) amylose C) amylopectin D) glycogen

c. amylopectin