Final Exam

Glenda hangs around two other friends who are the same sex and have similar attitudes and interests. This group of friends would most accurately be described as a a. clique b. group c. gangs d. crowd

A

If the following children all have a mental age of 10, who has the highest IQ? a. 5 b. 10 c. 12 d. 14

A

In the ____ stage of identity status, an individual is overwhelmed yet does little to accomplish the task of identity formation a. diffusion b. moratorium c. foreclosure d. achievement

A

The _____ parenting style is best described as both controlling and warm a. authoritative b. authoritarian c. permissive d. uninvolved

A

The fact that Bert's friend Ernie keeps him amused by telling funny stories best illustrates the ____ dimension of friendship a. sociability b. shared c. communal d. affective

A

The first memory strategy acquired by most children is a. rehearsal b. chunking c. use of elaboration d. use of abstraction

A

What is the least common warning sign of suicide? a. increased levels of activity b. change in eating habits c. persistent feelings of helplessness d. gifting one's valued possessions

A

When deciding on a potential mate, Fletcher says, "I just need to find someone a lot like me." This statement fits very well with ____ theory a. assortative mating b. sociocultural c. crystallization d. blended family

A

Preconventional moral reasoning is based on ____ forces a. innate b. internal c. external d. biological

C

Rape prevention guidelines suggest that in order to reduce the risk of rape, one should a. struggle, but not scream, when threatened or attacked b. keep one's sexual desires private c. avoid using drugs with someone you are not interested in d. not dress up or try to look nice when going out

C

Romeo and Juliet have a relationship characterized by a lifetime of marriage characterized by little physical desire and no sharing of thoughts or feelings. This relationship is best describes as one of strong a. intimacy b. passion c. commitment d. infatuation

C

Sally and Steve are quick to express affection toward their son, Zach, and accept most of his behavior. In fact, Zach has never one been punished. Sally and Steve are exhibiting a(n) ____ style of parenting a. authoritative b. authoritarian c. permissive d. uninvolved

C

Teenagers are less likely to engage in sexual activity when parents a. actively encourage sexual activity b. remain emotionally detached c. monitor their activities d. encourage independence

C

The initial stage in friendship development is called a. buildup b. continuation c. acquaintanceship d. deterioration

C

Though Mabel is unable to think in abstract terms, she is beginning to understand that because 3 + 5 =8, 8 - 5 must equal 3. Mabel has begun to exhibit Piaget's ____ stage of thinking a. sensorimotor b. preoperational c. concrete operational d. formal operational

C

Tyree is extremely good at identifying the motivations and intentions of the people he meets. According to Gardner, Tyree would most likely score very well on a test of ____ intelligence a. bodily-kinesthetic b. logical-mathematical c. interpersonal d. intrapersonal

C

When asked, "What do you want to be when you grow up?" ten-year-old Sanjay says, "My dad says I should be a doctor, so I guess that's what I'll be." According to Marcia, Sanjay is best thought of as being in a state of identity a. diffusion b. moratorium c. foreclosure d. achievement

C

Which constitutes an "extended family"? a. two parents and one child b. two parents and six children c. two parents, one child, and one grandfather d. two cohabitating (but not married) adults

C

Which of the followings is NOT a reason for a family to exist? a. childbearing b. emotional support c. welfare support d. economic support

C

You are the parent of a normal-size nine-year-old boy. As such, how many calories should you ensure that your child consumes each day so that he maintains a normal rate of development? a. 600 calories b. 1,200 calories c. 2,400 calories d. 4,800 calories

C

Which best summarizes research findings about the development of self-esteem? a. developmental changes in self-esteem vary by domain b. boys have higher levels of self-esteem than girls across all domains c. boys tend to have lower self-esteem than girls d. school transitions appear to have little impact on self-esteem

A

Which couple is least likely to maintain a happy marriage? a. Owen and Beru, who do not discuss their marital problems b. Ackbar and Mothma, who adapt to changing circumstances in the relationship c. Luke and Mara, who find ways to keep the romance in the relationship d. Han and Leia, who are motivated to meet each other's sexual needs

A

A person in the first stage of preconventional moral reasoning relies heavily on ___ when making a moral judgement a. adherence to laws b. obedience to authority c. adherence to a personal moral code d. random guessing

B

According to Kohlberg's original theory, there are ____ levels of moral reasoning, each containing ___ stages a. two; two b. three; two c. two; three d. three; three

B

Billy is a typical teenager. Research has indicated that the moodiness that he is exhibiting is most likely due to a. raging hormone levels b. changes in social settings and activities c. negative verbal interactions with his parents d. concern over his changing body

B

According to the vulnerability-stress-adaption model of marriage, marital quality a. is a dynamic process resulting from a couple's ability to handle stress b. declines when couples are "too" alike c. is predicted by the age of the couple at marriage d. means there is one strong member of a couple and one weak member

A

As a Piagetian, Faye would believe that a concrete operational child's ability to reverse thought is due to their acquisition of a. mental operation b. language c. self-efficacy d. convergent thinking

A

By far the most frequent sort of child abuse would be categorized as a. neglect b. sexual c. physical d. psychological

A

Concerning birth order, who is more likely to please the parents as well as have a college degree? a. Mary the first-born b. Jerry the second-born, who is very innovative c. Michael the last-born, who has a secure attachment with his parents d. All the three children

A

Each of these women has just married for the first time. Who is most likely to get divorced? a. Lucy, who is 17 b. Lacy, who is 23 c. Lanny, who is 29 d. Laurie, who is 35

A

Which of the following is an example of family function being influenced from micro to macro levels? a. parent/child interactions to the culture's larger institution b. the influence of larger society's culture on the family c. the interactions between social institutions and the family d. the interactions from a parent to a child

A

Which pair of siblings is most likely to get along very well? a. Ruth (a girl) and Grace (a girl) b. William (a boy) and Beth (a girl) c. Mary (who is emotional) and Lisa (who is not emotional) d. Sam (who is emotional) and Trevor (who is also emotional)

A

Which social condition appears to foster maltreatment of children? a. poverty b. alcoholism c. ADHD d. drug use

A

Which statement about youth sports are true? a. sports involvement can lead to improved self-esteem b. the greatest benefit of involvement is found with coaches who rely heavily on criticism and punishment c. when teens find a sport "stressful," they tend to compensate with greater effort d. participating in sports and cheerleading seems to significantly decrease involvement in delinquent behaviors

A

Which statement best describes the connection between environmental stress and maturation in girls? a. puberty occurs earlier in girls who have experienced chronic stress b. puberty occurs later in girls who have experienced chronic stress c. the onset of puberty in girls is determined genetically, thus stress has no effect on the timing of puberty d. the effects of stress on maturation in girls are unknown

A

Which teenager is most "at risk" for engaging in delinquent behavior? a. Kermit, who is unable to interpret other people's intentions b. Bert, who spends a lot of supervised timed at home c. Grover, whose parents and other close relatives seldom display aggressive behavior d. Ernie, whose parents utilize very consistent disciple techniques

A

Young adults are especially susceptible to acquiring AIDS because compared to older adults, they are a. more likely to use intravenous drugs b. more likely to engage in sexual activity c. less likely to engage in unprotected sex d. less likely to possess functional immune system

A

____ is best defined as physical changes that mark the transition from childhood to young adulthood a. puberty b. menopause c. primary circular reaction d. secondary circular reaction

A

____ is one of the defining characteristics of anorexia nervosa a. the persistent refusal to eat b. a cyclic binge-and-purge pattern c. a rational fear of obesity d. an inhibited basal metabolic rate

A

A pace for a "regular activity" keeps an adolescent's heart rate about ____ beats per minute a. 120 b. 140 c. 240 d. 440

B

Brita is a junior interested in majoring in English literature, philosophy, biotechnology, or European history. While she likes all of these majors, she is not sure which one to choose. According to Marcia, Brita would best be classified as being in the ___ level of identity status with regard to her major a. diffusion b. moratorium c. foreclosure d. achievement

B

By traditional definition, how many of the following eight-year-old children would be considered "gifted": Darcy, IQ=100; Peggy, IQ=120; Kelly, IQ=140; Al,IQ=160? a. one b. two c. three d. four

B

During pregnancy, changes in physical maturity that are not directly linked to reproduction are referred to as ___ sex characteristics a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. instrumental

B

Family as a system exists in humans due to children's ____ to care for themselves a. ability b. inability c. system d. knowledge

B

Girls typically begin growth spurt at about age _____, reach their rate of growth at about _____, and achieve mature stature at about _____ a. 11,13,15 b. 11,12,15 c. 12,14,17 d. 13,14,17

B

Jason wants to learn more about identity formation in adolescents. Given this interest, he would be best served by reading the works of a. Piaget b. Erikson c. Vygotsky d. Bowlby

B

Juliet wants Romeo physically, and she wants him badly! Juliet is most likely experiencing a. intimacy b. passion c. commitment d. companionate love

B

Katie and Rob are seeing a marriage counselor, Dr. McMurray, to ask her advice about how to save their relationship. D. McMurray tells them that the reason they are having trouble is because "neither of you perceive that you are getting as much out of the relationship as you are putting into it." This statement indicated that Dr. McMurray is a proponent of a. homogamy b. exchange theory c. cohabitation d. the family life cycle

B

The fact that children with higher IQ scores tend to come from homes that contained age-related play materials best supports the theory that a. intelligence and poverty are highly positively correlated events b. environmental factors impact intelligence c. genes determine intelligence d. identical twins are more intellectually similar than any random set of siblings

B

The odds of ____ increase in a person who has been abused as a child a. divorce b. attempting suicide c. being an authoritarian parent d. high academic performance

B

The two general types of physical development associated with puberty include a. lower self-esteem and bodily changes b. bodily changes and sexual maturation c. sexual maturation and formal operational thinking d. formal operational thinking and lower self-esteem

B

Which best describes the relationship between parenting styles and children's temperaments? a. parenting styles cause temperaments b. parenting styles may develop as the result of temperament c. temperaments develop as the result of parenting styles d. temperament and parenting styles are unrelated

B

Which of Deanna's statements indicates that she is likely experiencing "battered woman's syndrome?" a. "I just hit my husband" b. "I cannot escape this abusive relationship" c. "I often hit my husband" d. "I am sometimes afraid of my husband"

B

Which parenting style might best be described as "low warmth and high control?" a. authoritative b. authoritarian c. permissive d. uninvolved

B

Which parenting style tends to be most common for American parents of lower socioeconomic status? a. authoritative b. authoritarian c. permissive d. uninvolved

B

Which statement best describes familism? a. go forth and multiply as often as possible b. family needs are more important than individual needs c. specific family members are responsible for discipline d. we want to remain childless

B

Which statement best indicates that a teenager is in the third stage of ethnic identity development? a. "I am curious about where my ancestors lived" b. "I see myself as a Dutch-Asian American" c. "I'll think about my ethnicity when I am older" d. "I need to match my identity to that of all others in my ethnic group"

B

Which statement concerning singlehood, marriage, and sex differences in the US is true? a. males feel more societal pressure to marry b. males marry at a later age c. females seldom have unresolved feelings about remaining single d. females tend to "marry down" to males with lower social and educational status

B

Which task would an average elementary-age girl perform better than an average elementary-age boy? a. jumping over a bar b. writing her name in cursive c. hanging from the monkey bars d. throwing a softball

B

Who would be most likely to have just achieved close to her full adult stature? a. Joyce, who is 12 years old b. Beth, who is 15 years old c. Joanne, who is 18 years old d. Amy, who is 21 years old

B

___ ability involves the realization that a solution will actually work a. analytic b. practical c. creative d. familial

B

A typical teenager should consume approximately ___ calories each day a. 1,200 b. 1,700 c. 2,200 d. 2,700

C

A(n) ____ identity status is based largely on the input of adults (parents, role models) a. diffusion b. moratorium c. foreclosure d. achievement

C

According to Erikson, the key adolescent crisis involves a. generativity vs stagnation b. intimacy vs isolation c. identity vs role confusion d. integrity vs despair

C

Adolescent egocentrism is characterized by excessive a. convergence b. achievement c. self-absorption d. depression

C

Adolescents develop ___ reasoning, which allows them to find weakness in arguments a. heuristic b. egocentric c. logical d. social control

C

Albert just though of a novel way to consider the relationship between matter and the speed of light. According to Sternberg, this action best exemplifies ___ ability a. analytic b. practical c. creative d. familial

C

By definition, intellectual disability involves both a below-average intelligence and a. low standardized IQ scores b. a known genetic defect c. poor adaptive behaviors d. emotional problems

C

From whom would you expect the biggest gains in height and weight over the next three years? a. Ginger, who is 2 years old b. Grant, who is 6 years old c. Tina, who is 11 years old d. Louise, who is 14 years old

C

Gary sets random rules for his children to follow and enforces them without explanation. This parenting style will most likely result in Gary's teenage children displaying a(n) _____ identity status a. diffusion b. moratorium c. foreclosure d. achievement

C

Heather is only moderately happy with her marriage. Because of that, she is thinking about having a baby to make her marriage more satisfying. Is this a good idea? a. yes, because marital satisfaction increases with the birth of a baby b. maybe, because when both parents want a baby, marital satisfaction increases after the birth of the baby c. no, as having a child typically decreases marital satisfaction d. it is uncertain, as there is no specific relationship between marital satisfaction and the birth of a child

C

If you are reading this quiz question for the first time, it is a. currently stored in sensory memory b. currently stored in long-term memory c. currently stored in working memory d. not currently store in working memory

C

In which way are adopted children different from children living with their biological parents? a. they have different temperaments b. they have more maladjusted mother-infant attachments c. they are more likely to have problems adjusting to school d. they are delayed in terms of cognitive development

C

Ken and Barbie are sexually active single who are discussing the idea of moving in together. They are definitely contemplating a. assortative mating b. homogamy c. cohabitation d. forming an extended family

C

After carefully examining which careers might be best for him, John takes a job with a construction company. Though he likes the money, he is not ready for the kinds of responsibilities often asked of regular employees. John is probably in Super's ____ stage of career development a. investigative b. crystallization c. specification d. implementation

D

After exploring a number of career options, Antonio chooses to become an accountant. According to Marcia, what level of identity status is Antonio exhibiting? a. diffusion b. moratorium c. foreclosure d. achievement

D

Boys typically begin growth spurt at about age ____, reach their peak rate of growth at about _____, and achieve mature stature at about _____ a. 11,13,15 b. 11,12,15 c. 12,14,17 d. 13,14,17

D

Concerning blended families, a. children in blended families tend to experience fewer incidence of depression but more anxiety b. the likelihood of divorce is slightly lower than for first marriages c. noncustodial fathers tend to maintain closer contact with their children d. children often fear that the step-parent will disturb their relationship with the biological parent

D

Does watching TV violence really affect the behavior of children? a. no, it has no effect on overt violent behavior b. not really. it may make them a little scared for a while but has no long-term effects c. it might if the children are ADHD before they watch the violence d. yes, it tends to be associated with more aggressive behavior

D

Gary's mother tells him to stop watching TV and do his homework. Gary then begins to whine about wanting to watch more TV to the point that his mother gives in and lets him watch more TV as long as he stops whining. Consequently, Gary's whining behavior increases in frequency. This sequence is best described as a. punishment b. direct instruction c. counterimitation d. negative reinforcement trap

D

Ginny is an architect who is excellent at picturing what an existing building would look like with certain modifications. This ability is probably most reflective of a high level of ____ intelligence a. personal b. intrapersonal c. logical-mathematics d. spatial

D

In an average year, a typical 6-10 year old gains about ____ pounds grows and ____ inches a. 2-3,5-7 b. 2-3, 3-5 c. 3-5, 3-7 d. 5-7, 2-3

D

Nan is an individual who enjoys working outside, taking care of park lands, planting trees, and building forest trails. Which of Holland's types best describes Nan's interests? a. investigative b. conventional c. social d. realistic

D

One way to reduce the incidence of obesity in adolescence is to have teens engage in "regular activity." Which of the following defines such activity? a. exercise must last for at least 60 min, 2 times per week b. exercise must occur at least 5 times a week c. exercise mus burn at least 250 calories d. exercise must last for 30 min, 3 times per week

D

Physical attractiveness is a. unimportant in love relationships for both males and females b. unimportant in love relationships for females but important for males c. important in love relationships for females but unimportant for males d. important in love relationships for both males and females

D

Sanford's friendships tend to be based on self-disclosure and intimacy. This exemplifies the ___ component of friendship a. contextual b. sociability c. shared d. affective

D

Self-discipline is a. poor predictor of school success but better than an IQ test score b. bad predictor of school success but a good predictor of occupational success c. good predictor of school success but not better than IQ test score d. good predictor of school success but often better than IQ test score

D

The belief that misfortunes only happen to others is referred to as the illusion of a. foreclosure b. helplessness c. crystallization d. invulnerability

D

The defining characteristic of bulimia nervose involves a. an irrational fear of obesity b. a distorted body image c. weight loss d. a binge-purge eating pattern

D

The most effective pregnancy prevention programs focus a. exclusively on abstinence b. exclusively on teaching about biological reproduction c. exclusively on teaching about responsible sexual behavior d. on abstinence, reproductive education, and sexual responsibility

D

The two main dimensions of parental behavior are a. control and dominance b. cold and warmth c. love and warmth d. warmth and control

D

What is the intelligence quotient of a 10-year-old girl with a MA of 12? a. 60 b. 83 c. 100 d. 120

D

What is the most common form of family in Western societies? a. empty-nest family b. extended family c. step-family d. nuclear family

D

When 80-year-old James is asked about his life, he is able to vividly recall his high school graduation party that occurred 60 years ago. Where was this information stored just before it was recalled by James? a. sensory memory b. working memory c. short-term memory d. long-term memory

D

When discussing their marriage, Meg and Ryan agree that what appears to keep them together and happy is the fact that they share many of the same values. This exemplifies _____, which is a good predictor of marital success a. nesting b. monogamy c. singlehood d. homogamy

D

Which aspect of friendship tends to be new to children aged 8-11? a. sharing toys b. sharing activities c. mutual liking d. trust

D

Which is not a prerequisite for exceptional talent in childhood? a. support from parents b. child's love for the subject c. early instruction d. talented parents

D

Which phrase reflects a basic ability available only to a formal operational thinker? a. "realistic speaking.." b. "speaking from experience, I..." c. "speaking on behalf of others, I..." d. "hypothetically speaking..."

D

Which statement about divorced single parents is true? a. they are financially better off than their married counterparts b. trying to be a peer vs a parent has great benefits and few drawbacks c. most single divorced parents wait at least two years before dating d. forgiveness and less hostility of the ex may facilitate the adjustment to single life

D

Which statement concerning cognitive development in adolescence is true? a. working memory and processing speed are more childlike than adultlike b. working memory becomes adultlike, but processing speed remains childlike c. processing speed becomes adultlike, but working memory remains childlike d. working memory and processing speed are more adultlike than childlike

D