Final Exam 101-150

104. 3 types of collisions

- Frontal (head-on), Rear-end, Lateral (T-bone), Rollovers, and Rotational (Spins).

107. Know about wound placement with saturated blood

4x4

139. A person's ability to shiver is lost when his or her body temperature falls below: A. 90°F (32°C). B. 92°F (33°C). C. 94°F (34°C). D. 95°F (35°C).

A. 90°F (32°C).

129. While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should: A. administer oxygen and transport to the hospital. B. immediately perform a rapid head-to-toe exam. C. recognize that he needs a needle decompression. D. circumferentially tape a dressing around his chest.

A. administer oxygen and transport to the hospital.

121. An epidural hematoma is MOST accurately defined as: A. bleeding between the skull and dura mater. B. bleeding between the dura mater and brain. C. venous lacerations that occur within the brain. D. an injury caused by a damaged cerebral artery.

A. bleeding between the skull and dura mater.

103. Two of the MOST common mechanisms of injury for blunt trauma are: A. falls and motor vehicle collisions. B. low-caliber gunshot wounds and falls. C. gunshot wounds and vehicle ejections. D. motor vehicle collisions and stabbings.

A. falls and motor vehicle collisions.

109. In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the MOST difficult to control? A. femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg B. jugular vein laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg C. carotid artery laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 60 mm Hg D. antecubital vein laceration and a blood pressure of 138/92 mm Hg

A. femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg

125. When placing a patient onto a long backboard, the EMT at the patient's _________ is in charge of all patient movements. A. head B. chest C. waist D. lower extremities

A. head

150. You have just delivered a premature baby. Your assessment reveals that he is breathing adequately; however, his heart rate is 90 beats/min. You should: A. keep him warm and provide ventilatory assistance. B. begin chest compressions and reassess in 30 seconds. C. clamp and cut the umbilical cord and keep him warm. D. assess his skin color and give free-flow oxygen as needed.

A. keep him warm and provide ventilatory assistance

130. All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, EXCEPT for the: A. liver. B. bladder. C. ureters. D. stomach.

A. liver.

135. The primary purpose for splinting a musculoskeletal injury is to: A. prevent further injury. B. maximize distal circulation. C. make the patient comfortable. D. facilitate ambulance transport.

A. prevent further injury.

127. A 19-year-old male is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless after being struck in the center of the chest with a softball. Based on the mechanism of injury, what MOST likely occurred? A. ventricular fibrillation when the impact occurred during a critical portion of the cardiac cycle B. asystole secondary to massive intrathoracic hemorrhage due to traumatic rupture of the aorta C. fracture of the sternum that caused a rupture of the myocardium and led to a cardiac dysrhythmia D. collapse of both lungs due to fractured ribs that perforated the lung tissue and caused cardiac arrest

A. ventricular fibrillation when the impact occurred during a critical portion of the cardiac cycle

114. Which of the following statements regarding crush syndrome is correct? A. With crush syndrome, massive blood vessel damage occurs following severe soft-tissue injuries, such as amputation of an extremity. B. Compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours. C. Tissue damage that occurs in crush syndrome is severe, but kidney injury is unlikely because toxins are quickly eliminated from the body. D. Provided that a patient with a crush injury is freed from entrapment within 6 hours, the amount of tissue damaged is generally minimal.

B. Compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours.

110. In order for electricity to flow through the body and cause damage: A. an insulator must exist between the electrical source and the patient. B. a complete circuit must exist between the electrical source and the ground. C. the part of the body that is in contact with the electrical source must be dry. D. the person must make direct physical contact with the source of electricity.

B. a complete circuit must exist between the electrical source and the ground.

101. During your assessment of a young female with nontraumatic vaginal bleeding, you note that her level of consciousness is decreased, her respirations are rapid and shallow, her skin is cool and moist, and her pulse is rapid and weak. You should: A. perform a rapid secondary assessment. B. assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device. C. assess her blood pressure and elevate her legs. D. perform a visual assessment of her vaginal area.

B. assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device.

148. Which of the following is a normal physiologic change that occurs in the mother's respiratory system during pregnancy? A. decreased respiratory rate and increased minute volume B. increased respiratory rate and decreased respiratory reserve C. increased respiratory reserve and decreased oxygen demand D. increased respiratory depth and decreased respiratory rate

B. increased respiratory rate and decreased respiratory reserve

140. In order for sweating to be an effective cooling mechanism: A. several layers of clothing must be worn. B. it must be able to evaporate from the body. C. the relative humidity must be above 90%. D. the body must produce at least 1 L per hour.

B. it must be able to evaporate from the body.

106. A rapid, irregular pulse following blunt trauma to the chest is MOST suggestive of a: A. ruptured aorta. B. myocardial contusion. C. pericardial tamponade. D. tension pneumothorax.

B. myocardial contusion.

132. When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen: A. the abdomen will become instantly distended. B. peritonitis may not develop for several hours. C. it will bleed profusely and rapidly cause shock. D. it commonly protrudes through the injury site.

B. peritonitis may not develop for several hours.

147. Upon delivery of the baby's head, you note that its face is encased in the unruptured amniotic sac. You should: A. give the mother 100% oxygen and transport at once. B. puncture the sac and suction the baby's mouth and nose. C. leave the amniotic sac intact until arrival at the hospital. D. note the color of the amniotic fluid before breaking the sac.

B. puncture the sac and suction the baby's mouth and nose.

120. Frequent reassessments of the patient with face or neck injuries are MOST important because: A. they lend credibility to your documentation. B. such injuries can affect the respiratory system. C. hospital staff require frequent patient updates. D. rapid facial swelling may mask hidden injuries.

B. such injuries can affect the respiratory system.

138. Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike fibrous structures called: A. fascia. B. tendons. C. cartilage. D. ligaments.

B. tendons.

141. Heatstroke occurs when: A. a person's core body temperature rises above 103°F (39°C). B. the body's heat-eliminating mechanisms are overwhelmed. C. a person becomes dehydrated secondary to excess water loss. D. the ambient temperature exceeds 90°F (32°C) and the humidity is high

B. the body's heat-eliminating mechanisms are overwhelmed.

149. Which of the following statements regarding gestational diabetes is correct? A. Gestational diabetes results in permanent diabetes mellitus after delivery. B. The onset of gestational diabetes typically manifests with hypoglycemia. C. In some cases, women with gestational diabetes require insulin injections. D. Diet and exercise are typically ineffective in controlling gestational diabetes.

C. In some cases, women with gestational diabetes require insulin injections.

111. In which of the following patients should you remove an impaled object? A. a semiconscious patient with an ice pick impaled in the chest B. an apneic patient with a shard of glass impaled in the abdomen C. a pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back D. a conscious and alert patient with a fishhook impaled in the eye

C. a pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back

143. Signs of late heatstroke include: A. hot, moist skin. B. nausea and vomiting. C. a weak, rapid pulse. D. a change in behavior.

C. a weak, rapid pulse.

119. Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries to the face is MOST effectively controlled with: A. pressure dressings and chemical ice packs. B. digital pressure to an adjacent pulse point. C. direct pressure using dry, sterile dressings. D. ice packs and elevation of the patient's head.

C. direct pressure using dry, sterile dressings.

131. Contraction or tensing of the abdominal muscles in an effort to ease pain is called: A. flexing. B. referring. C. guarding. D. withdrawing.

C. guarding.

122. In contrast to a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion: A. does not cause pressure within the skull. B. results from a laceration to the brain tissue. C. involves physical injury to the brain tissue. D. usually does not cause a loss of consciousness.

C. involves physical injury to the brain tissue.

123. What part of the nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities? A. central B. sensory C. somatic D. autonomic

C. somatic

105. Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct? A. High-velocity bullets will cause less severe internal injuries. B. The size of a bullet has the greatest impact on producing injury. C. Low-velocity bullets will cause the greatest amount of trauma. D. The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on producing injury.

D. The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on producing injury.

118. You are dispatched to a convenience store, where the clerk sustained a laceration to the side of his neck during a robbery attempt. During your assessment, you note bright red blood spurting from the laceration. You should: A. apply direct pressure below the lacerated vessel. B. circumferentially wrap a dressing around his neck. C. apply pressure to the closest arterial pressure point. D. apply direct pressure above and below the wound.

D. apply direct pressure above and below the wound.

146. Upon delivery of an infant's head, you note that the umbilical cord is wrapped around its neck. You should: A. immediately clamp and cut the umbilical cord. B. give 100% oxygen to the mother and transport at once. C. provide free-flow oxygen to the infant and transport. D. attempt to slip the cord gently over the infant's head.

D. attempt to slip the cord gently over the infant's head.

145. The third stage of labor begins when the: A. placenta is fully delivered. B. cervix is completely dilated. C. umbilical cord has been clamped. D. baby is expelled from the vagina.

D. baby is expelled from the vagina.

134. The MOST significant hazard associated with splinting is: A. aggravation of the injury or worsened pain. B. reduction in circulation distal to the injury site. C. compression of nerves, tissues, and vasculature. D. delaying transport of a critically injured patient.

D. delaying transport of a critically injured patient.

136. When splinting an injury of the wrist, the hand should be placed: A. into a fist. B. in a straight position. C. in an extended position. D. in a functional position.

D. in a functional position.

124. When opening the airway of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, you should use the: A. tongue-jaw lift maneuver. B. head tilt-neck lift maneuver. C. head tilt-chin lift maneuver. D. jaw-thrust maneuver.

D. jaw-thrust maneuver.

102. Which of the following clinical presentations is MOST consistent with PID? A. left lower quadrant pain, referred pain to the left shoulder, and fever B. pain around the umbilicus, low-grade fever, and generalized weakness C. upper abdominal cramping, severe headache, and heavy vaginal bleeding D. lower abdominal pain, fever, general malaise, and foul-smelling vaginal discharge

D. lower abdominal pain, fever, general malaise, and foul-smelling vaginal discharge

137. Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patient's life? A. an amputated extremity B. bilateral femur fractures C. nondisplaced long bone fractures D. pelvic fracture with hypotension

D. pelvic fracture with hypotension

117. Significant trauma to the face should increase the EMT's index of suspicion for a(n): A. airway obstruction. B. displaced mandible. C. basilar skull fracture. D. spinal cord injury.

D. spinal cord injury.

115. A 30-year-old female was robbed and assaulted by a gang as she was leaving a nightclub. She has massive facial trauma and slow, gurgling respirations. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you should: A. begin immediate ventilatory assistance. B. visualize her mouth for obvious wounds. C. apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. D. suction her oropharynx for 15 seconds.

D. suction her oropharynx for 15 seconds.

142. Most of the serious injuries associated with scuba diving are caused by: A. water temperature lower than 70°F (21°C). B. too rapid of a descent. C. alcohol consumption. D. too rapid of an ascent.

D. too rapid of an ascent.

144. The body's natural protective mechanisms against heat loss are: A. shivering and vasodilation. B. vasodilation and respiration. C. respiration and vasoconstriction. D. vasoconstriction and shivering.

D. vasoconstriction and shivering.