Final Exam

This movement derived from the French word rocaille, referring to small stones and shells that decorated the interiors of grottos, the artificial caves popular in landscape design at the time.

. Rococo

The artist who created the Mona Lisa was

Leonardo da Vinci

This movement happened simultaneously in Zurich, Berlin, Paris and New York and it championed senselessness, noise and the illogic.

Dada

This movements name referred, some said, to a child's hobbyhorse; and still others celebrated it as a simple nonsense sound.

Dada

___________is more lifelike than early Egyptian sculpture.

The Greek Kouros

Bill Viola's work The Greeting used another painting as inspiration. The name of the piece he used was ___________

The Visitation by Jacopo da Pontormo

The elevated site above an ancient Greek city conceived as the center of civic life is called the _________

acropolis

In sculpture, when the shifting of weight is countered by a turn of the shoulders, so that the figure stands in a sort of S-curve, it is referred to as _____________.

contrappasto

Relief sculpture is to be viewed from

One side

The term Fauves means _________________, which made reference to their use of color and realm of abstraction.

wild beasts

There were two basic styles of Surrealist Painting. One style was associated with Salvador Dali, the other with Joan Miro. What were the styles?

Abstract and Representational

___________as it pertains to sculpture, is a sculptural space into which the viewer can enter physically.

An environment,

The artist who created The Burghers of Calais was

Auguste Rodin

This style of art was particularly known for its sense of drama and theatrical "tricks". If often combined different media like painting and sculpture to involve the viewer.

Baroque

____________was the first monumental representation of the nude goddess since ancient times.

Botticelli's Birth of Venus

The two artists who "worked together" to promote the style called Cubism were_________

Braque and Picasso

This artist openly disdained the great masters of the Renaissance era and when viewing his work, it is often hard to distinguish who the religious subject is in the artwork. His subjects take on a common and ordinary nature.

Caravaggio

_______is a subtractive process in which the material being carved is chipped, gouged, or hammered away from an inert, raw block of material.

Carving

________is an invention of the Bronze Age.

Casting

What style would you classify Guernica in?

Cubism

In New York___________submitted a common urinal to the Independents Exhibition in 1917, titled it Fountain, signed it R. Mutt and claimed for it the status of sculpture.

Duchamp

_________ is the process of arranging the sequences of a film after it has been shot in its entirety.

Editing

The painter of Olympia was ___________

Edourd Manet

The Roman adopted much of their art and architectural styles from the Greeks, but they also inherited a great deal of cultural influence from another major source, the ____

Etruscans

The artists of this movement believed that through color and line alone, works of art could express the feelings and emotions of the artist directly to the viewer.

Expressionism

This city became a very important place of culture and artistic growth under the influence of the Medici family during the Renaissance.

Florence

This artist so-called "Black Paintings" were brutal interpretations of mythological scenes that revealed a universe operating outside the bounds of reason, a world of imagination unchecked by a moral force of any kind. Who was the artist?

Francisco Goya (y Lucientes)

One of the innovators of performance art was Allan Kaprow, who, in the late 1950's "invented" what he called ________

Happenings

____________the artist poses the fallen hero in a similar pose that Christ would traditionally be posed in The Deposition.

In Jacques-Louis David's painting, The Death of Marat,

The word______in fact, means "submission" or "surrender", which is the core of Muhammad's revelations about the submission to God.

Islam

was deeply influenced by the Surrealist notion of automatism, the direct and unmediated expression of the self.

Jackson Pollock

This style of artwork during the mid 1500's was highly individualistic or consciously artificial and dedicated to "invention" by the artist.

Mannerism

The artist who created, meditative, not active, spaces and carefully modulated field of color was ______

Mark Rothko

This movement was a reaction against Action Painting; it addressed notions of space, how objects take up space and how the viewer relates to them spatially, as well as questions of their dogmatic material presence. What was the movement?

Minimalism

The two major art movements of the 1960's were__________

Minimalism and Pop Art

This is a style in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries that was influenced by Greek classical style and emphasized "right action" and patriotic self-sacrifice

Neoclassicism

______believed that the goals of truth and beauty were not reached by following the universal rules and laws of classical antiquity. Instead, the artist of genius had to rely on subjective and personal intuition, referred to as the "divine frenzy".

Neoplatonists

The Hellenistic Age brought about an increasingly animated and dramatic treatment of the figure. This particular sculpture is a masterpiece of Hellenistic realism.

Nike of Samothrace

The director of Citizen Kane was?

Orson Welles

Who was the artist who painted "Guernica" and what year was it painted?

Pablo Picasso, 1937

The artist who painted The School of Athens was ___________

Raphael

This movement, at least in part, ultimately led to the invention of photography in the 1830's.

Realism

Christianity was legalized in 313 CE by _________

Roman Emperor Constantine

________ architecture is characterized by its easily recognizable geometric masses-rectangles, cubes, cylinders and half-cylinders.

Romanesque

Individualism reigned supreme in this style of art. At the heart was the belief that reality is a function of each individual's singular point of view, and that the artist's task is to reveal that point of view.

Romanticism

The artist who based his work on actual Sunday cartoon strips of popular culture was _________

Roy Lichtenstein

____________literally demands movement. It is meant to be seen from all sides, the viewer must move around it.

Sculpture in-the-round

The filmmaker who revolutionized the use of montage, fast-pace sequencing of images, rather than traditional narrative sequence was?

Sergei Eisenstein

What do many of the elements in the painting, "Guernica", refer to?

Surrealist dream symbolism

What is the content and subject matter of the painting, "Guernica"?

The painting Guernica documents the bombing of the Spanish town of Guernica where over a thousand soldiers under the commander of the fascist Dictator General Franco were killed. The work includes images of a woman holding her dead child, a dead soldier, a single light bulb, a bull and a screaming horse. The painting is a testament of the perseverance of General Franco and his cause.

The architect of Monticello in Charlottesville, Virginia was ___________

Thomas Jefferson

______________ gives the sense of a figure striding forward, clothing flapping in the wind, but the artist may have meant it to represent a nude.

Umberto Boccioni's Unique Forms of Continuity in Space

the subject of much Neoclassical art - a subject matter distinctly at odds with the early Rococo sensibility.

Virtue

Willem de Kooning is the artist who painted

Woman and Bicycle, 1952-53.

In early Christian architecture, the ______________ is a covered walkway, especially around the apse of a church.

ambulatory

This term means "bringing to life". What is it?

animation

Ansel Adams used this part of the camera as a tool in establishing the luminescence of the scenes he wanted; it deals with the size of the opening of the lens

aperture

The process of creating a sculpture by compiling objects taken from the environment is called ___________

assemblage

The building that Romans used for public buildings, especially courthouses, and would later become the Christian church as we know it was called a__________

basilica

The _________ process is the basis of modern photography, due to William Henry Fox Talbot's sensitized paper.

calotype

Works made from clay are called _________

ceramics

The lost-wax method of casting, also called ________________, was perfected by the Greeks if not actually invented by them.

cire-perdue

A process which yielded a positive image on a polished metal plate, was named _________

daguerreotype

Since the late 1960's, one of the focuses of modern sculpture has been the creation of large-scale, out-of-doors environments, generally referred to as

earthworks.

When an editor cuts to narrative episodes that are supposed to have taken place before the start of the film, it is called a(n) _______

flashback

For the Cubists, art was primarily about ________

form

The Greek figure of Nike represents (beside the popular shoe) the _________

goddess of victory.

In lost-wax method, the space inside the wax lining is filled with an ________________, a mixture of water, plaster, and powder made from ground-up pottery.

investment

A major drawback to the camera obscure was that it could capture an image, but.....?

it could not preserve an image

Of all the new secular subject matter that arose during the Baroque Age, the genre of____________perhaps most decisively marks a shift in Western thinking; the spiritual is no longer exclusively found in church, but can be found in nature.

landscape

Gothic style utilized which characteristic(s)?

light

In Northern Europe, a distinctive kind of monumental stone architecture made its appearance late in the Neolithic period, known as _____________ or "big stones".

megaliths

In much ___________________, the physical presence of the body in space becomes a primary concern.

performance art

The Greek city state is also known as the ___________

polis

The ______________ is the wall of the mosque that, from the interior, is oriented in the direction of Mecca and that contains the mihrab.

qibla

The term Renaissance, as it referred to art and science at the beginning of the 15th century means ___________

rebirth

Sculpture that is created to be viewed from one side is called __________

relief sculpture

Sculpture that is created to be viewed from one side is called ____________

relief sculpture

Decorative effects, represented in African art, which are made by scarring the body is called_____

scarification.

One outcome of the Gothic style, as evident in Chartes Cathedral, was the accomplishment of__________

stain glass windows as a medium.

The _____________ is literally a burial mound, dating from prehistoric times.

stupa

Theories of the__________has first appeared in the 18th century, most notably in Edmund Burke's Inquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and the Beautiful (1756).

sublime

In the________the sculptor begins with a mass of material larger than the finished work and removed material.

subtractive processes

In the Hellenistic Age, there was an increasingly animated and dramatic treatment to the figure. For example, the kind of swirly line that was once restricted to drapery now takes over the entire composition of which sculpture?

the Laocoon Group

The great period of Gothic architecture began with the rebuilding of_______

the choir of the abbey church at St. Denis.

The Venus of Willendorf is thought to represent _________

the connection to fertility and child-bearing; connection to life.

Umberto Boccioni and the other Futurists were interested in many new aspects of the twentieth century, including_____

the spirit of the machine and the rapid change that defined the century.

Roman arches designed for triumphant armies to march through, usually composed of a single barrel vault enclosed within a rectangle is known as the _________

triumphal arch