Final Exam- Abnormal Psychology
If a clinician begins by asking, "Would you tell me about yourself?", the clinician is MOST likely conducting a(n): A. mental status exam B. interview schedule C. structured interview D. unstructured interview
D. unstructured interview
When a person has organic brain impairment, that person would MOST likely have difficulty completing: A. a CAT scan B. an EEG C. the Bender-Gestalt test D. an MRI
the Bender-Gestalt test
A patient looks at a series of black-and-white pictures, making up a dramatic story about each. The patient is taking: A. the Rorschach Test B. the Thematic Apperception Test C. the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory D. an affective inventory
the Thematic Apperception Test
Barney's mother is taking cookies out of the oven. Which of the following would suggest MOST strongly that the id is firmly in control of Barney's behavior? A. Barney grabs some of the cookies and runs B. Barney wants the cookies desperately but asks his mother for a couple C. Barney waits for his mother to leave the room, takes a few cookies, and runs away D. Barney asks for some cookies in a whiny voice and throws a tantrum when he is denied
A. Barney grabs some of the cookies and runs
Which of the following statements about genetic factors in schizophrenia is accurate? A. Close relatives of those with schizophrenia are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than distant relatives of those with schizophrenia B. Fraternal twins have a higher concordance rate for schizophrenia than do identical twins C. Those with schizophrenia who have been adopted are more like their adoptive parents than like their biological parents D. Recent family studies eliminate the confounding of environment and genetics
A. Close relatives of those with schizophrenia are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than distant relatives of those with schizophrenia
Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of __________ at certain receptor sites in the brain. A. GABA B. dopamine C. acetylcholine D. serotonin
A. GABA
Which of the following statements would a Freudian be MOST likely to agree with? A. Parents are the key figures during childhood and are seen as the cause of improper development B. Regardless of each person's history, everyone is ultimately responsible for their own behavior C. What have you learned from your parents is how you behave as an adult D. Past history doesn't matter. It is what is happening here and now that is important
A. Parents are the key figures during childhood and are seen as the cause of improper development
Which of the following accurately describes the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway of the stress response? A. The hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary to produce a stress hormone that causes the adrenal gland to release corticosteroids B. The hypothalamus produces corticosteroids which stimulate the pituitary to produce a stress hormone that causes the adrenal gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone C. The hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary to produce corticosteroids that cause the adrenal gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone D. The hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary to produce a stress hormone that causes the adrenal gland to release hypothalamic hormone in a feedback loop
A. The hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary to produce a stress hormone that causes the adrenal gland to release corticosteroids
If someone were to correlate scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, and look at the relationship between stress and illness, that person would MOST likely find: A. a significant positive correlation B. a significant negative correlation C. no correlation D. the most illness for people experiencing very low and very high stress
A. a significant positive correlation
If you were looking at a photograph of yourself and adjusting the size until you thought the picture looked like you, you MOST likely be participating in an assessment of your: A. accuracy in estimating body size B. self-esteem C. readiness for therapy D. susceptibility of societal stereotypes
A. accuracy in estimating body size
If a biochemical imbalance were the cause of a person's depression, the latest research would lead us to expect to find that person to have: A. an abnormality in the activity of certain neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine B. especially high levels of the neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine C. particularly low levels of the neurotransmitters cortisol and melatonin, as measured by their metabolites D. an absence of the neurotransmitters cortisol and serotonin
A. an abnormality in the activity of certain neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine
If one could use a single treatment for schizophrenia and wanted the MOST effective treatment, one should choose: A. antipsychotic drugs B. psychodynamic therapy C. milieu therapy D. electroconvulsive therapy
A. antipsychotic drugs
People who talk rapidly, dress flamboyantly, and get involved in dangerous activities are showing _____________ symptoms of mania. A. behavioral B. motivational C. cognitive D. emotional
A. behavioral
An individual with a diagnosed personality disorder is emotionally unstable, impulsive, and reckless. This person's diagnosis is likely to be which of the following personality disorders? A. borderline B. schizotypal C. obsessive- compulsive D. avoidant
A. borderline
Similarities between bulimia and anorexia include: A. both tend to begin after a period of dieting among people afraid of becoming obese B. both involve a reluctance to think about food, weight, or appearance C. both involve an underestimation of one's weight and body size D. both tend to be related to personality disorders
A. both tend to begin after a period of dieting among people afraid of becoming obese
Noreen has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She is totally unresponsive to her environment. She does not move for hours on end and never responds to contacts from others. This is an example of: A. catatonic stupor B. general dysphoria C. inappropriate affect D. catatonic excitement
A. catatonic stupor
A therapist describes a patient who believes her personal worth is tied to each task she performs. She draws negative conclusions from very little evidence, amplifies minor mistakes into major character flaws, and suffers from repetitive thoughts that remind her of her flaws. You conclude that the therapist holds which theoretical orientation? A. cognitive B. biological C. behavioral D. psychodynamic
A. cognitive
Occasionally, you see or hear things. Your friends tell you it's your imagination, but eventually you come to think your friends are hiding something and you develop delusions of persecution to explain their behavior. The thinking leads you down the "rational path to madness." This scenario is consistent with the: A. cognitive view B. behavioral view C. existential view D. psychodynamic view
A. cognitive view
That people with somatic symptom disorders use their symptoms to express emotions that they cannot easily express otherwise reflects the: A. cognitive view B. behavioral view C. humanistic view D. psychodynamic view
A. cognitive view
The group of participants that is NOT exposed to the independent variable under investigation (in an experiment) is called the : A. control gorup B. confound group C. dependent group D. experimental group
A. control group
Just before debuting at Carnegie Hall, the pianist suffered paralysis of the left hand. Which of the following BEST describes her disorder? A. conversion disorder B. somatization disorder C. pain disorder associated with psychological factors D. preoccupation disorder
A. conversion disorder
Research on evoked potential with people with dissociative identity disorder has revealed that: A. different subpersonalities have shown different brain response patterns B. people with dissociative identity disorder did not show different brain response patterns for subpersonalities C. no differences were found in brain activity between controls and individuals with dissociative identity disorder D. control subjects who were asked to pretend they had different personalities were able to create different brain response patterns for each subpersonality
A. different subpersonalities have shown different brain response patterns
Surveys of very successful therapists show that they generally do all of the following EXECPT: A. disregard ethical principles when they think their clients might benefit B. help clients focus more on the clients behaviors and thoughts C. pay attention to their interactions with their clients D. give feedback to clients
A. disregard ethical principles when they think their clients might benefit
If a person says, "I must be perfect in every way. I will be a better person if I deprive myself of food," that person in engaging in: A. distorted thinking B. food preoccupation C. obsessive-compulsions D. amnorrhea
A. distorted thinking
The MOST common cognitive description of someone exhibiting mania is that the person is: A. excessively optimistic, with poor judgment B. excessively optimistic, with normal self-esteem C. very coherent, with good judgment D. very coherent, with abnormally high self-esteem
A. excessively optimistic, with poor judgement
People with one anxiety disorder are most likely to: A. experience another anxiety disorder, too B. experience only that one anxiety disorder C. experience another non anxiety disorder D. experience hallucinations
A. experience another anxiety disorder, too
A combat veteran undergoing "eye movement desensitization and reprocessing" is experiencing which general form of therapy? A. exposure therapy B. group therapy C. insight therapy D. drug therapy
A. exposure therapy
The PRIMARY motivation emotion a person with anorexia experiences is: A. fear B. anger C. shame D. hate
A. fear
Which of the following is the BEST example of "reduced responsiveness" as it relates to posttraumatic stress disorder? A. feeling detached or estranged from others and loss of interest in activities B. feelings of extreme guilt for surviving the traumatic event C. reliving the event through day dreams and night dreams D. excessive talking about the event in inappropriate settings
A. feeling detached or estranged from others and loss of interest in activities
A person who is restless, keyed-up, and on edge for no apparent reason is experiencing: A. free-floating anxiety B. specific anxiety C. fearful anxiety D. obessions
A. free floating anxiety
Leila always feels threatened and anxious- imagining something awful is about to happen. But she is able to work and care for her family, although as not as well as she would like. Leila is probably experiencing: A. a generalized anxiety disorder B. a hormonal imbalance C. no specific problem; she just likes to worry D. a specific fear response
A. generalized anxiety disorder
Current research suggests that those who experience severe stress: A. have abnormal levels of norepinephrine and cortisol following the trauma B. are less anxious than the average person before the trauma C. were likely to be wealthy as children D. were not directly exposed to the trauma, but experienced it second-hand
A. have abnormal levels of norepinephrine and cortisol following the trauma
Compared to projective tests, personality inventories: A. have higher validity B. are less standardized C. have lower reliability D. are more difficult to administer and evaluate
A. have higher validity
"Medical student's disease," which is the tendency for medical students to experience the symptoms of diseases they are studying, is MOST similar to: A. illness anxiety disorder B. Munchausen's syndrome by proxy C. Munchausen's syndrome D. conversion disorder
A. illness anxiety disorder
The number of new cases of a disorder in the population that emerge during a particular time interval is called the: A. incidence B. prevalence C. correlation D. epidemiology
A. incidence
Compare to those diagnosed with schizophrenia who live in developing countries, those diagnosed with schizophrenia who live in developed countries are: A. less likely to recover fully, and more likely to be hospitalized B. less likely to recover fully, and less likely to be hospitalized C. more likely to recover fully, and more likely to be hospitalized D. more likely to recover fully, and less likely to be hospitalized
A. less likely to recover fully, and more likely to be hospitalized
A psychologist was interested in the effect of hunger on psychological disturbances. She food-deprived half of a group of healthy volunteers for one day and fed the other half normally, then administered a psychological test to all participants. What was the independent variable? A. level of food deprivation B. a psychological test C. the results on a psychological test D. There was no independent variable because this was a correlational study
A. level of food deprivation
"Insects make me itch. My brother collects them; he is 5 feet and 10 inches tall. That's my favorite number. I dance and draw." Such speech illustrates which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia? A. loose associations B. catatonia C. avolition D. restricted affect
A. loose associations
The link between dopamine and schizophrenia is supported by the finding that: A. lower dopamine activity helps remove schizophrenic symptoms B. the use of L-dopa can reduce schizophrenic symptoms C. antipsychotic drugs can block Parkinsonian symptoms D. dopamine-receiving synapses in persons with schizophrenia are apparently inactive
A. lower dopamine activity helps remove schizophrenic symptoms
Schizophrenia is found in all socioeconomic class. However, it is MOST likely to be found in someone from a: A. lower socioeconomic level B. middle socioeconomic level C. professional socioeconomic level D. privileged (wealthy) socioeconomic level
A. lower socioeconomic level
A state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which individuals have an exaggerated belief in their power describes: A. mania B. dysthymia C. depression D. cyclothymia
A. mania
Biological researchers focus primarily on ________________ in understanding abnormal behavior. A. neurotransmitters B. dendrites C. synapses D. neurons
A. neurotransmitters
You notice someone who is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, chocking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. If what is happening is not a heart attack but an indicator of an anxiety disorder, the person is MOST likely experiencing a: A. panic attack B. phobia C. obsessive-compulsive response D. posttraumatic disorder
A. panic attack
According to the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia: A. people with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present B. people with certain psychosocial stressors will develop schizophrenia in the absence of biological predisposition C. biological predispositions for schizophrenia override any evidence for the importance of psychosocial stressors D. people with certain biological predispositions will develop schizophrenia in the absence of psychosocial stressors
A. people with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present
One cause of her increase in homeless individuals in recent decades has been the: A. policy of deinstitutionalization B. use of psychotropic medication C. decrease in the use of private psychotherapy D. move to the community mental health approach
A. policy of deinstitutionalization
If you wanted a career in which you focus on detecting, assessing, and treating abnormal patterns of functioning, you should look into becoming a clinical: A. practitioner B. reasearcher C. historian D. statistication
A. practitioner
A new assessment tool does a good job of differentiating those who later will be depressed and those who will not be depressed, and it produces results similar to those of other tools measuring depression. Therefore, the new assessment tool has good: A. predictive validity B. face validity C. interjudge reliability D. test-restest reliability
A. predictive validity
A woman who is particularly threatened by any display of anger becomes unable to speak when she is most angry with her husband, thereby keeping the anger out of her awareness. According to psychodynamic theorists, she is achieving _____________ from her illness. A. primary gain B. secondary gain C. tertiary gain D. no gain
A. primary gain
If a therapist asked you to say whatever came to mind and then suggested interpretations designed to help you work through grief over real or imagined losses, your therapist would be using: A. psychodynamic therapy B. cognitive therapy C. behavioral therapy D. sociocultural therapy
A. psychodynamic therapy
What is the term for studies that have structure of experiments, except they use groups that already exist, instead of randomly assigning participants to control and experimental groups? A. quasi-experiments B. natural experiments C. correlation experiments D. developmental experiments
A. quasi-experiments
A person with posttraumatic stress disorder who is having "flashbacks" is: A. reexperiencing the traumatic event B. experiencing avoidance C. experiencing reduced responsiveness D. experiencing increased arousal, anxiety, and guilt
A. reexperiencing the traumatic event
Evidence in support of the biological understanding of generalized anxiety is supported by the finding that: A. relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than nonrelatives B. distant relatives of those with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than lose relatives C. relatives share not only biological characteristics, but also similar environments D. identical twins have more similar environments than fraternal twins
A. relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than nonrelatives
The preoccupation with food characteristic of anorexia nervosa is thought to: A. result from starvation B. be the cause of the disorder C. be more pronounced in younger children with anorexia D. result from overeating
A. result from starvation
Wes has always been a loner. He has never much cared for being with other people and does not form relationships easily. He appears to be without emotion. Wes may be exhibiting: A. schizoid personality disorder B. paranoid personality disorder C. histrionic personality disorder D. narcissistic personality disorder
A. schizoid personality disorder
Recently, a client diagnosed with schizophrenia has begun to exhibit more symptoms, often saying, "They tell me I'm crazy, so I must be crazy." MOST likely, this is an example of: A. self-fulfilling prophecies B. therapies bias C. learned helplessness D. nomothetic disturbance
A. self-fulfilling prophecies
Steve is afraid of eating in public, expecting to be judged negatively and to feel humiliated. As a result, he always makes up excuses when asked out to eat. His diagnosis would MOST likely be: A. social anxiety disorder B. a specific phobia C. generalized anxiety disorder D. posttraumatic stress disorder
A. social anxiety disorder
If one found that the average weight and size of cheerleaders had declined significantly over the years, and that those who aspired to be cheerleaders had a high level of eating disorders, that would be evidence for __________ causes of eating disorders. A. societal B. family C. psychological D. biological
A. societal
The fact that some people in the advanced stages of AIDS experience neurological damage that results in psychological abnormality supports what type of perspective about abnormal psychological functioning? A. somatogenic B. psychogenic C. moral D. deterministic
A. somatogenic
A cluster symptoms that go together and define a mental disorder is called a : A. syndrome B. classification system C. DSM axis D. treatment approach
A. syndrome
If you believe that personality disorders are best understood as a matter of degree in difference from typical personality rather than as a specific diagnosis, you agree with: A. the dimensional approach B. the categorical approach C. the symptomatic approach D. the cluster approach
A. the dimensional approach
If you could "get inside the head" of a person experiencing auditory hallucinations, you would MOST likely find that: A. the person actually produces nerve signals of sound in his brain B. the person knows that the hallucinations are fictional C. hallucinations and delusions are coded in the same place in the person's brain D. the person is aware of auditory hallucinations but not aware of other types of hallucinations
A. the person actually produces nerve signals of sounds in his brain
I am generally a calm, relaxed person. If you are generally a tense, excitable person, we differ in: A. trait anxiety B. state anxiety C. situation anxiety D. content anxiety
A. trait anxiety
To be classified as having a major depressive episode, depression must last for a period of at least: A. two weeks B. two months C. one year D. two years
A. two weeks
An example of evidence for psychophysiological disorders is that: A. ulcers, asthma, insomnia, and chronic headaches probably have physical and psychological causes B. disorders such as bacterial and viral infections have only physical causes C. disorders such as hypertension and coronary heart disease have only psychosocial causes D. cancer has been found to have a significant psychological cause
A. ulcers, asthma, insomnia, and chronic headaches probably have physical and psychological causes
Bulimia is always characterized by: A. uncontrollable overeating B. obsessive-compulsive disorder C. fasting and frantic exercise D. being underweight
A. uncontrollable overeating
Dr. Marsha Linehan, developer of dialectal behavior therapy, would have diagnosed her young adult self with: A. antisocial personality disorder B. borderline personality disorder C. narcissistic personality disorder D. dependent personality disorder
B. borderline personality disorder
Your abnormal psychology instructor asks in class. "What kinds of treatments are commonly used to treat obsessive-complusive- related disorders? Confidently (and accurately), you reply: A. "client-centered therapies and exposure therapies." B. "exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs." C. "antidepressant drugs and biofeedback." D. "biofeedback and relaxation training."
B. "exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs."
Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the weakest relationship? A. -.95 B. -.06 C. +.30 D. +.54
B. -.06
If you were receiving medications to control hallucinations and delusions, you would MOST likely be receiving: A. antidepressants B. antipsychotics C. antibipolar drugs D. minor tranquilizers
B. antipsychotics
The MOST common mental disorders in the United States are the: A. mood disorders B. anxiety disorders C. personality disorders D. sexual disorders
B. anxiety disorders
Elena can't seem to establish social ties because she is afraid of being embarrassed or appearing foolish. She is easily hurt by criticism and is not willing to go into unfamiliar situations. She may be experiencing: A. paranoid personality disorder B. avoidant personality disorder C. histrionic personality disorder D. narcissistic personality disorder
B. avoidant personality disorder
If I believe that it is a dire necessity for me to be loved or approved of by everyone and that it is catastrophic if things are not the way I want them, I am displaying: A. existential anxiety B. basic irrational assumptions C. moral anxiety D. conditions of worth
B. basic irrational assumptions
"When I was young, I met a large dog. I wasn't afraid of the dog, but as I tied to pet it, the dog snarled and jumped at me. I have been afraid of dogs ever since." A therapist who assumes that this sentence describes a phobia acquired from classical conditioning MOST likely favors which model of abnormality? A. humanistic-existential B. behavioral C. cognitive D. psychodynamic
B. behavioral
A child who is severely criticized for acting independently, and who is praised for doing exactly what parents say to do, later develops dependent personality disorder. The therapist who would be LEAST surprised by this outcome would have which theoretical orientation? A. sociocultural B. behavioral C. cognitive D. psychodynamic
B. behavioral
If your therapist tried to reintroduce you to pleasurable activities, reinforced nondepressive actions, and improved your social skills, your therapist would be using: A. psychodynamic therapy B. behavioral therapy C. cognitive therapy D. sociocultural therapy
B. behavioral therapy
Family pedigree and twin studies have been used to look for a predisposition for unipolar depression within families. Which theoretical framework encompasses these studies? A. humanist B. biological C. behavioral D. psychodynamic
B. biological
If a clinician is particularly interested in a client's family medical history, that clinician is MOST likely from which orientation? A. behavioral B. biological C. sociocultural D. cognitive
B. biological
The strongest evidence for the cause of bipolar disorders BEST supports which theoretical perspective? A. cognitive B. biological C. behavioral D. humanistic
B. biological
Hippocrates believed that treatment for mental disorders should involve: A. releasing evil spirits trapped in the brain B. bringing the four body humors back into balance C. punishing the body for its sins D. bloodletting
B. bringing the four body humors back into balance
A psychologist does a study of an individual involving a history, tests, and interviews of friends and family. A clear picture is constructed of this individual, so his behavior is better understood. This study is a(n): A. hypothesis B. case study C. experimental study D. correlation
B. case study
A depressed person who is confused, unable to remember things, and unable to solve problems is suffering from __________ symptoms. A. emotional B. cognitive C. motivational D. behavioral
B. cognitive
A response inventory that asks individuals to provide detailed information about their typical thoughts and assumptions is a(n) A. social skill inventory B. cognitive inventory C. affective inventory D. behavioral inventory
B. cognitive inventory
People who are coping with severe pain by telling themselves that they can get through it by focusing on the pain ending, and by remembering that they have gotten through it before, are MOST likely to have received which of the following therapies? A. insight therapy B. cognitive therapy C. behavioral therapy D. psychotropic medication
B. cognitive therapy
Assessment tools such as the Severity of Illness Rating Scale are used to provide that kind of information for making a diagnosis? A. categorial B. dimensional C. psychosocial D. sociocultural
B. dimensional
In preparation for a study of the effectiveness of an antischizophrenia drug, an experimenter puts the experimental drug and the placebo into capsules of the same color and codes them. Neither the subjects nor the experimenter will know who gets the experimental drug or the placebo. This is an example of a : A. single-blind design B. double-blind design C. triple-blind design D. quasi-experimental design
B. double-blind design
The MAIN difference between hallucinations and delusions is that: A. hallucinations are more serious than delusions B. hallucinations involve perception and delusions involve beliefs C. hallucinations are more common early in the disorder and delusions more common later D. hallucinations are auditory and delusions are visual
B. hallucinations involve perception and delusions involve beliefs
Many victims of spousal abuse stay with their abusers, even though it is obvious to others that they should, and actually could, leave. A good explanation for their behavior is: A. symbolic (imagined) loss B. learned helplessness C. artifact theory D. body dissatisfaction
B. learned helplessness
Rosita swings between periods of bottomless depressions and high-flying enthusiasm. She never hits the middle. Her physician is MOST likely to recommend treatment using: A. ECT B. lithium C. imipramine D. tranquilizers
B. lithium
Psychosis means: A. split personality B. loss of contact with reality C. brain seizures D. drug abuse
B. loss of contact with reality
The generic term for the white blood cells that react to foreign invaders in the body is: A. antigens B. lymphocytes C. killer T-cells D. helper T-cells
B. lymphocytes
Seasonal affective disorder is associated with fewer hours per day of daylight during the winter months. Less daylights or, more accurately, more darkness, may cause the release of: A. BNDF B. melatonin C. serotonin D. cortisol
B. melatonin
A young woman who is very concerned about being attractive to others, is more sexually experienced, and has relatively few obsessive qualities is: A. more likely to be experiencing anorexia than bulimia B. more likely to be experiencing bulimia than anorexia C. equally likely to be experiencing bulimia or anorexia D. less likely to be experiencing bulimia or anorexia
B. more likely to be experiencing bulimia than anorexia
DSM-5 is the classification system for abnormal behaviors that is: A. used by the World Health Organization B. most widely used in the United States C. used for medical disorders D. used exclusively for children
B. most widely used in the United States
If a therapist thought that eating disorders were BEST explained by an interaction of sociocultural, psychological, and biological factors, that therapist would be taking a(n): A. monodimensional perspective B. multidimensional perspective C. cognitive-behavioral perspective D. outdated perspective
B. multidimensional perspective
" I am the greatest!" a famous boxer declared loudly and often. Had he in fact acted throughout his adult life as though he were the greatest, the most appropriate diagnosis would be: A. histrionic personality disorder B. narcissistic personality disorder C. antisocial personality disorder D. impulse-control personality disorder
B. narcissistic personality disorder
According to Freud, children who are prevented from expressing id impulses like making mud pies, playing war, and exploring their genitals are at risk for developing: A. realistic anxiety B. neurotic anxiety C. moral anxiety D. existential anxiety
B. neurotic anxiety
The TV show Monk features a detective who is very seldom happy, has few good friends, insists on a very rigid order and way in which he must do things, and frequently has difficulty making up his mind about what to do. If he were diagnosed with a personality disorder, it would MOST likely be: A. narcisssitic B. obsessive-compulsive C. schizotypal D. borderline
B. obsessive-compulsive
When a young child yells and throws toys ("tamper tantrum"), the parents give the child a good deal of attention. As time goes on, the temper tantrum becomes more and more common. A behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from: A. unresolved intrapsychic conflict B. operant conditioning C. unconditional positive regard D. neurotransmitter imbalances
B. operant conditioning
Reese is distrustful of others and reacts quickly to perceived threats. Even though he has no evidence, he is sure his wife is unfaithful. He finds it almost impossible to forgive those he thinks have wronged him. Reese displays the characteristics of: A. avoidant personality disorder B. paranoid personality disorder C. narcissistic personality disorder D. obsessive-personality disorder
B. paranoid personality disorder
An intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear, to the point of interfering with life of the person is called: A. panic disorder B. phobic disorder C. obsessive-compulsive disorder D. generalized anxiety disorder
B. phobic disorder
Millie sees pretty colored butterflies on all the walls. She also hears gentle music, that is not actually there. The presence of these behaviors illustrates ___________ symptoms of schizophrenia. A. active B. positive C. negative D. psychomoter
B. positive
All of the following are compensatory behaviors for someone with bulimia EXCEPT: A. excessive exercise B. preoccupation with food C. forced vomiting D. use of diuretics
B. preoccupation with food
"Understanding a person's unconscious processes is critical in explaining abnormality." Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? A. behavioral B. psychodynamic C. cognitive D. humanistic-existential
B. psychodynamic
A client is hooked up to an apparatus that measures galvanic skin response and blood pressure, after which the client verbally answers a series of questions. The type of clinical test being use is: A. projective B. psychophysiological C. neuropsychological D. affective response inventory
B. psychophysiological
A woman eats cookies, cake, ice cream, and almost anything else that is sweet. At some point during her binge, she takes a huge dose of a laxative, so she will "empty out" the food. Her taking the laxative, and the assumptions underlying why she does it, would lead to a diagnosis of: A. binge-eating disorder B. purging-type bulimia nervosa C. non-purging type bulimia nervosa D. eating disorder not otherwise specified
B. purging-type bulimia nervosa
Which of the following is a nondrug biological treatment for anxiety that is in general use today? A. psychoanalysis B. relaxation therapy C. behavior modification D. rational-emotive therapy
B. relaxation therapy
Colin is asked to "free associate" about his mother's new husband and he responds by changing the subject. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of: A. catharsis B. resistance C. transference D. countertransference
B. resistance
The disorder that appears to be MOST closely related to schizotypal personality disorder is: A. anxiety B. schizophrenia C. obsessive-compulsive disorder D. narcissistic personality disorder
B. schizophrenia
Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as MOST likely due to: A. genetic make-up B. social factors leading to stress C. irrational patterns of thinking D. fixation at a lower level of ego functioning
B. social factors leading to stress
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (presently DSM-5) A. the American Psychoanalytic Association B. the American Psychiatrist Associtaion C. the American Psychological Association D. the American Phrenological Association
B. the American Psychiatrist Association
David Rosenham (1973) sent eight normal people to various psychiatric hospitals. All eight complained of hearing voices that said "empty," "hollow," and "thud." After being admitted to one of the hospitals, each person acted normally, yet all were diagnosed as schizophrenic. One of the conclusions from this study is that: A. clinicians are unable to detect "real" schizophrenia B. the expectations produced by labeling can alter perception C. hospitals can produce schizophrenic behavior in normal people D. auditory hallucinations are sufficient for diagnosis as schizophrenic
B. the expectations produced by labeling can alter perception
If you were working in the field of psychoneuroimmunology, you would be studying: A. the relationship between brain functioning and illness B. the links between stress and illness C. the correlation between immune functioning and health D. the development of the neurological system when one is ill
B. the links between stress and illness
The assumption behind the use of projective tests as assessment tools is that: A. they are relatively easy to score B. the responses come from the client's unconscious C. they stimulate abnormal behaviors that the clinician can observe D. patient responses to specific stimuli will uncover specific disorders
B. the responses come from the client's unconscious
The difference between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder is: A. the number of depressive and manic episodes B. the severity of the manic episodes C. the number of depressive episodes D. the seasonal variation in the episodes
B. the severity of the manic episodes
People who experience obsessions show: A. typical levels of worry about real problems B. thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them C. thoughts that they can easily ignore and resist D. a lack of awareness that the thoughts are inappropriate
B. thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them
In many areas, asylums of the 1500s, such as Bethlehem Asylum in London, became: A. shrines B. tourist attractions C. sheltered workshops D. centers of moral treatment
B. tourist attractions
People who are consistently angry, impatient, competitive, driven, and ambitious, are displaying a ___________ and are at greater risk for heart disease. A. sociocultural stressor B. type A personality C. type B personality D. repressive coping style
B. type A personality
Correlational research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people: A. without any religious belief are the psychologically healthiest B. who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the psychologically healthiest C. who are devout and see God as cold and unresponsive are the psychologically healthiest D. who are not religious cope better with life stressor like war and illness
B. who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the psychologically healthiest
The peak age range for the development of anorexia nervosa is : A. 7-10 B. 10-13 C. 14-18 D. 20-25
C. 14-18
What do acute and posttraumatic stress disorder have in common with dissociative disorders? A. They are disorders of the 20th century; that is, they were diagnosed before 1900 B. They are most successful treated with the same sort of medication-antipsychotics C. They are triggered by traumatic events D. They are varieties of depression
C. They are triggered by traumatic events
According to Hilde Bruch, which of the following would characterize ineffective parents whose children are prone to eating disorders? A. They feed children crying from hunger and comfort ones crying from fear B. They feed children too much, regardless of whether they are crying or not C. They decide when the child is hungry and misinterpret the actual condition of their children D. They fail to comfort their children at all
C. They decide when the child is hungry and misinterpret the actual condition of their children
MAO inhibitors are biochemical agents that alleviate depressive symptoms in approximately half of the clinically depressed patients who take them. What is the mechanism of action of these drugs? A. They stimulate serotonin production B. They block synapses that release norepinephrine C. They interfere with the destruction of norepinephrine D. They raise the levels of monoamine oxidase in the brain
C. They interfere with the destruction of norepinephrine
The stage of the development of schizophrenia marked by deterioration of functioning and the display of mild symptoms is called the: A. active phase B. residual phase C. prodromal phase D. premorbid phase
C. prodromal phase
Sam can't leave for work without going back into his house and making sure that he has taken all of his writing materials. He does this several times before he allows himself to start the car and drive to work. He is frequently late for work because he is so unsure about remembering everything . Sam is displaying: A. agoraphobia B. an obession C. a checking compulsion D. nonpathological caution
C. a checking compulsion
A person with schizophrenia demonstrates poverty of speech and experiences auditory hallucinations. According to the "Type I-TypeII" evaluation categorization, this person would be: A. Type I B. Type II C. a mix of Type I and Type II D. neither Type I nor Type II, because these type apply only to the prodromal phase
C. a mix of Type I and Type II
A woman you know constantly avoids crowded streets and buildings, and is very reluctant to leave home, even with a friend. Recently, she has experienced extreme, sudden fear every time she enters a crowded street or building. Most likely, this woman would be diagnosed with: A. panic attacks B. panic disorder C. agoraphobia and panic disorder D. agoraphobia
C. agoraphobia and panic disorder
Which of the following is NOT an important part of dialectal behavior therapy? A. behavioral techniques B. cognitive techniques C. antipsychotic drugs D. humanistic techniques
C. antipsychotic drugs
If a researcher believes that dissociative identity disorders are iatrogenic, that researcher believes that dissociative identity disorders: A. should be treated by physicians rather than by psychologists B. are schizophrenic rather than anxiety disorders C. are unintentionally produced by therapists D. cannot be measured using standard personality tests
C. are unintentionally produced by therapists
Every time Miguel has a headache, his mother let him miss school. Now, as an adult, his headaches have become more frequent. His head pounds any time he is required to do something he would rather not. This is a _____________ explanation of conversion symptoms. A. cognitive B. biological C. behavioral D. cultural
C. behavioral
Giving in to a child's refusal to comply with a parental request may inadvertently reinforce stubborn and defiant behavior, setting the scene for the development of antisocial personality disorder. This is MOST like a __________ explanation of the development of antisocial personality disorder. A. cognitive B. biological C. behavioral D. psychodynamic
C. behavioral
People who are often overweight and regularly binge eat without compensatory behaviors are experiencing: A. binge-purge disorder B. anorexia-bulimia disorder C. binge eating disorder D. noncompensatory binge disorder
C. binge eating disorder
Maureen is learning to warm her hands. She looks at a dial that reflects the output from a heat-sensitive device on her fingers and tries to make the dial go up. This is a form of: A. meditation B. relaxation training C. biofeedback training D. cognitive intervention
C. biofeedback training
An individual diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder reports having a great deal of difficulty figuring out how others feel, and as a child had difficulty developing adequate language skills. These findings would make the MOST sense to a theorist with which background? A. psychodynamic B. sociocultural C. cognitive D. biological
C. cognitive
In the face of fear, someone is unable to concentrate and develops a distorted and irrational view of the world. This person is showing which of the following fear responses? A. physical B. emotional C. cognitive D. The person is showing all three responses
C. cognitive
Increasingly concerned about my minor heartbeat irregularities, I think that my health is being threatened, and more and more often I misinterpret my body's normal signals. Which viewpoint BEST explains my experiences? A. psychodynamic B. biological C. cognitive D. behavioral
C. cognitive
If you are being encouraged to see the link between the way you interpret your experiences and the way you feel, and to question the accuracy of your interpretations, you are probably receiving: A. humanistic therapy B. existential therapy C. cognitive therapy D. psychoanalytic therapy
C. cognitive therapy
If you criticized everything you did, looking for flaws, and never could measure up to your personal standards, you would be exhibiting what Carl Rogers called: A. empathy B. unconditioned positive regard C. conditions of growth D. moral anxiety
C. conditions of growth
Antonio believes that the anchor on the evening television news is speaking directly, and personally to him. He even goes to the television studio to talk to the anchor. Antonio is suffering from: A. delusions of persecution B. delusions of grandeur C. delusions of reference D. delusions of control
C. delusions of reference
A patients initial reaction to being told she has an STI is to insist that the nurse made a mistake with the test. The defense mechanism that BEST explains this behavior is: A. regression B. sublimation C. denial D. rationalization
C. denial
A person who has an excessive need to be taken care of and is clingy is MOST likely to qualify for a diagnosis of: A. paranoid personality disorder B. histrionic personality disorder C. dependent personality disorder D. narcissistic personality disorder
C. dependent personality disorder
Deciding that a client's psychological problems represent a particular disorder is called: A. psychotherapy B. assessment C. diagnosis D. triage
C. diagnosis
Which diagnosis includes a breakdown in sense of self, a significant alteration in memory or identity, and even a separation of one part of the identity from another part? A. mood disorder B. personality disorder C. dissociative disorder D. histrionic personality disorder
C. dissociative disorder
An individual who formerly know how to speak a foreign language and play a musical instrument, can no longer remember how to as a result of a dissociative disorder. The dissociative disorder MOST likely is: A. dissociative fugue B. dissociative amnesia C. dissociative identity D. Such memories are affected about equally by the dissociative disorders
C. dissociative identity
The BEST treatment recommendation you can give someone experiencing bipolar disorder is: A. complex, due to conflicting experimental results B. broad; a number of different therapies work equally well C. drug therapy, accompanied by psychotherapy D. No therapy has been shown to be effective
C. drug therapy, accompanied by psychotherapy
Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively? A. distress B. deviance C. dysfunction D. danger to self or others
C. dysfunction
If a mother seems excessively involved in her child's life such that the two of them do not seem to be independent people, their relationship is said to be: A. externalized B. cultural C. enmeshed D. disengaged
C. enmeshed
Family members are over involved in each other's lives but are affectionate and loyal. This description fits Salvador Minuchin's definition of an: A. autonomous family pattern B. underfunctioning family pattern C. enmeshed family pattern D. institutionalized family pattern
C. enmeshed family pattern
Therapies that have received clear research support are called: A. meta-analyses B. idiographic C. evidence-based D. outcome complex
C. evidence-based
Which of the following would be an emotional symptom of depression? A. lack of desire to eat B. a negative view of oneself C. experiences of sadness and anger D. staying in bed for hours during the day
C. experiences of sadness and anger
Consequences of anorexia nervosa include all of the following EXCEPT: A. amenorrhea B. dry, rough, cracked skin C. fever and high blood pressure D. development of the silky hair that covers newborns
C. fever and high blood pressure
If you are a typical person undergoing therapy in the US, your therapy will last for A. a year, with weekly sessions B. about 100 hours C. fewer than five sessions D. 24 hours, in an inpatient facility
C. fewer than five sessions
When the seat belt light in Didi's car stays on for a few extra seconds, she bursts into tears. She always craves attention and react to even the smallest event with an elaborate show of emotion. She probably could receive a diagnosis of: A. obsessive personality disorder B. antisocial personality disorder C. histrionic personality disorder D. narcissistic personality disorder
C. histrionic personality disorder
One distinction that DSM-5 makes between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder is based on: A. how intense the anxiety-linked symptoms are B. what the cause of the anxiety-linked symptoms was C. how long the anxiety symptoms last D. what sort of treatment is contemplated for the anxiety-linked symptoms
C. how long the anxiety symptoms last
The model that proposes that humans strive to self-actualize is the: A. psychodynamic model B. cognitive model C. humanistic-existential model D. behavioral model
C. humanistic-existential model
Which of the following BEST illustrates the interaction of psychosocial and physical factors in the development of a medical condition? A. ulcers caused by H. pylori bacteria B. asthma caused by a weakened respiratory system and allergies C. hypertension caused by obesity and constant stress D. chronic headaches cause by feelings of depression and anxiety
C. hypertension caused by obesity and constant stress
A person with schizophrenia who laughs when told sad news and screams in situations that most people see as warm and tender is experiencing: A. cognitive distortion B. delusions of control C. inappropriate affect D. olfactory hallucinations
C. inappropriate affect
A panel of psychologists and psychiatrists evaluates the test results and clinical interviews of a client in a sanity hearing. They all arrive at the same diagnosis. The panel has high: A. internal validity B. predictive validity C. interatter validity D. test-retest validity
C. interatter validity
A person with schizophrenia who is feeling apathetic, drained, and unable to start or follow through on any projects is displaying: A. poverty of speech B. blunted or flat affect C. loss of violation D. social withdrawal
C. loss of violation
One of the side effects of ECT is: A. mania B. psychosis C. memory loss D. intensification of the depression
C. memory loss
Theorists propose that institutionalized patients deteriorate because they are deprived of opportunities to develop self-respect and independence. The therapy that counters this effect by creating an environment that encourages self-respect and responsibility is known as: A. token therapy B. social therapy C. milieu therapy D. environmental enhancement
C. milieu therapy
The cognitive explanation for panic disorders is that people who have them: A. have relatives who are atypically anxious B. are prone to allergies and have immune deficiencies C. misinterpret bodily sensations D. experience more stress than average
C. misinterpret bodily sensations
In science, the perspective used to explain phenomena are known as : A. facts B. theories C. models D. hypothese
C. models
A patient in therapy who eats exactly eight pieces of bread that he or she has carefully made into balls of equal diameter is displaying a symptom of anorexia nervosa related to: A. schizophrenia B. depression C. obsessive-compulsive disorder D. substance abuse
C. obsessive-compulsive disorder
When José did not get the job thought he deserved, he was convinced that everything was going wrong and he would never find another job. This thought is an example of: A. depression B. selective perception C. overgeneralization D. unconditional negative regard
C. overgeneralization
Systematic desensitization has been shown to be especially effective in the treatment of: A. bipolar disorders B. schizophrenia C. phobias D. substance abuse disorders
C. phobias
People with alexithymia are NOT readily able to: A. tell when they are hungry B. admit what is causing their eating disorder C. put descriptive labels on what they are feeling D. accurately represent how large they are
C. put descriptive labels on what they are feeling
If your therapist gave you homework that required you to challenge your maladaptive assumptions and replace them with healthier ones, the therapist would be using: A. cognitive-existential therapy B. client-centered therapy C. rational-emotive therapy D. interpersonal-physiotherapy
C. rational-emotive therapy
Behavioral therapists treating a conversion disorder would be MOST likely to focus on: A. identifying underlying emotional causes for the disorder B. helping the patient gain insight into how the disorder is reinforcing C. reducing the rewards available for displaying the disorder D. replacing the primary gain with a secondary gain
C. reducing the rewards available for displaying the disorder
Psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative amnesias and fugues result from: A. projection B. regression C. repression D. sublimation
C. repression
A person who stopped eating candy and other sweets, then gradually eliminated other foods until the person was eating almost nothing could be experiencing: A. binge-purge type of anorexia nervosa B. sweet-phobia type of anorexia nervosa C. restricted-type anorexia nervosa D. exercise-induced anorexia nervosa
C. restricted-type anorexia nervosa
David Rosenham sent "pseudopatients" to a mental hospital, where they pretended to be disturbed. The results led hi to conclude that _____________ greatly impacts mental illness. A. an actual symptom B. the community mental health system C. social labeling D. communication
C. social labeling
The model of abnormality that pays particular attention to a client's family structure, societal norms, and a client's roles in society is: A. existential B. cognitive-behavioral C. sociocultural D. humanistic
C. sociocultural
A patient with a heart condition complained of adhesions from the scar, leg cramps, and joint stiffness. He seemed to be hurting all over, but no medical reason could be found to explain the symptoms. The BEST diagnosis for this disorder is: A. conversion disorder B. somatic symptom disorder (somatization pattern) C. somatic symptom disorder (predominant pain pattern) D. preoccupation disorder
C. somatic symptom disorder (predominant pain pattern)
Are people ever harmed by therapy for DSM-diagnosed disorders? A. frequently; about 35 % of those treated seem to get worse, although most of the rest seem to improve B. occasionally, about 20% of those treated seem to get worse C. sometimes; at most about 5-10% of those treated seem to get worse D. almost never; although only about 55% seem to improve, only 1-2% of those treated seem to get worse
C. sometimes; at most about 5-10% of those treated seem to get worse
Little Karen was bitten by a tan pony she was riding at a carnival. The incident left her hurt and frightened. The next month she was visiting her uncle, who had a tan Great Dane (dog). It frightened her even though she had a bad experienced with a dog. Fear of this dog is an example of: A. response discrimination B. modeling C. stimulus generalization D. vicarious reinforcement
C. stimulus generalization
In response to a threat, we perspire, breathe more quickly, get goose bumps, and feel nauseated. These responses are controlled by the: A. somatic nervous system B. peripheral nervous system C. sympathetic nervous system D. parasympathetic nervous system
C. sympathetic nervous system
Regarding emotions, the pattern common in bulimia from purging, through binge, to postbinge is BEST described in sequence as: A. control, enjoyment, shame B. relaxation, pleasure, enjoyment C. tension, powerlessness, shame D. shame, doubt, guilt
C. tension, powerlessness, shame
An important difference between mood disorders and normal mood fluctuation is: A. the particular medication used to treat the problem B. the cause of the problem C. the severity and duration of the problem D. the demographic characteristics of the person
C. the severity and duration of the problem
One of the MAIN findings from the research on the relationship between psychology and physical illness is: A. there is no relationship between psychology and physical illness B. there is a small and unimportant relationship between psychology and physical illness C. there is a strong relationship between psychology and physical ilness D. the research has been inconclusive on the relationship between psychology and physical illness
C. there is a strong relationship between psychology and physical illness
The MOST important similarity among the personality disorders listed in the text is that: A. disorders of thought, perception, and attention are present B. the personality traits are limited to discrete periods of illness C. they are inflexible, maladaptive, and related to impaired functioning or distress D. they are social in that they involve an inability to form lasting relationships with other people
C. they are inflexible, maladaptive, and related to impaired functioning or distress
Neurosurgery is believed to have its roots in: A. the psychodynamic movement B. learning theory C. trephining from the demonological era D. the humanistic viewpoint
C. trephining from the demonological era
Comorbidity means that: A. one disorder may develop into another B. one disorder automatically implies the other C. two disorders may occur together in an individual D. the appearance of one disorder implies the disappearance of the one that preceded it
C. two disorders may occur together in an individual
If your friend had her brain waves recorded to measure her brain's electrical activity, she MOST likely had a(n): A. PET scan B. MRI C. CAT scan D. EEG
D. EEG
The test that reports one's results on clinical scales such as "hypochondriasis" (HS) and "Psychopathic Deviate" (PD) is the: A. Sentence-Completion Test B. Thematic Apperception Test C. Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test D. Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory
D. Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory
Sarah brings her young daughter into the emergency room with eternal bleeding. The attending physician later concludes that Sarah caused the symptoms in her daughter intentionally, caused by a need to gain attention and praise for her devoted care of her sick child. If this assessment is correct, Sarah would be diagnosed as having: A. a factitious disorder B. a conversion disorder C. Munchausen syndrome D. Munchausen syndrome by proxy
D. Munchausen syndrome by proxy
"Depression and eating disorders are correlated." What does this statement mean? A. Depression causes people to be more likely to have eating disorders B. Eating disorders cause people to be more likely to be depressed C. Poor parenting causes both eating disorders and depression D. People with eating disorders also tend to be depressed
D. People with eating disorders also tend to be depressed
A person who witnessed a horrible accident and then became unusually anxious and depressed for 3 weeks is probably experiencing: A. posttraumatic stress disorder B. pretraumatic stress disorder C. combat fatigue D. acute stress disorder
D. acute stress disorder
Jena is experiencing sadness, lack of energy, and low self-worth.. The condition is chronic and severe. If her psychiatrist prescribed medication it would likely be a(n) : A. stimulant drug B. antianxiety drug C. antipsychotic drug D. antidepressant drug
D. antidepressant drug
An adult has been jailed for the third time for fraud; each time it has been for persuading investors to put money into a phony silver mine. If the adult has received a DSM-5 diagnosis, the MOST likely diagnosis is: A. schizotypal personality disorder B. a substance-related disorder C. a stress disorder D. antisocial personality disorder
D. antisocial personality disorder
Families that display high levels of expressed emotion do all of the following EXCEPT: A. intrude on one another's privacy B. frequently express negative emotions toward each other C. show hostility toward each other D. approve of one another's actions
D. approve of one another's actions
Disorders that represent the conversion of conflicts and anxiety into physical symptoms would include: A. phobia disorders B. dissociative disorders C. psychophysiological disorders D. conversion disorders
D. conversion disorders
Jamal is experiencing a major depressive episode that appears to have begun three weeks ago. He is miserable and suffers from at least five symptoms of depression. No unusually stressful events have occurred in the past year. Based on the data, the diagnosis would be: A. postpartum depression B. reactive depression C. exogenous depression D. endogenous depression
D. endogenous depression
Studies that determine the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a particular population are called: A. longitudinal studies B. experimental studies C. developmental studies D. epidemiological studies
D. epidemiological studies
A man appeared at the emergency room complaining of bloody diarrhea. The doctor who examined him found that the man was intentionally creating the diarrhea through use of laxatives and anticoagulant medication, and liked being a patient. The man is MOST likely: A. experiencing a psychophysical disorder B. malingering C. experiencing a somatic disorder D. experiencing a factitious disorder
D. experiencing a factitious disorder
The category of "odd" personality disorders includes the traits of: A. anxiety and fearfulness B. being highly dramatic, emotional, or erratic C. inflexibility and total loss of contact with reality D. extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and perceptual peculiarities
D. extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and perceptual peculiarities
The "moral treatment" movement rapidly declined in the late nineteenth century because: A. prejudice against those with mental disorders decreased B. fewer and fewer immigrants were being sent to mental hospitals C. all patients needing treatment had to be helped D. hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded
D. hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded
A therapist listens carefully to a client's words, then attempts to show accurate empathy and genuineness. The hope is that the client will move toward greater self-awareness. Most likely, the therapist is: A. behavioral B. cognitive-behavioral C. psychodynamic D. humanistic
D. humanistic
Defining abnormal behavior using "the four Ds" A. allows us to create diagnoses that are clear-cut and not debatable B. allows us to eliminate those who are merely eccentric C. allows us to include those who experience no distress D. is still often vague and subjective
D. is still often vague and subjective
A researcher finds a strong positive correlation between ratings of life stress and symptoms of depression. Therefore, the researcher may be confident that: A. life stress causes symptoms of depression B. symptoms of depression cause life stress C. something other than life stress causes stress and depression D. life stress and depression are related
D. life stress and depression are related
After a major earthquake, television coverage showed survivors shuffling confusedly through the ruined buildings. If such victims later could not remember the days immediately after the earthquake, the victims would be suffering from what type of amnesia? A. continuous B. selective C. posttraumatic D. localized
D. localized
A patient who treats severe pain by meditating, paying attention to her thoughts and sensations, while remaining nonjudgmental is engaging in: A. biofeedback B. cognitive therapy C. hypnosis D. mindfulness meditation
D. mindful meditation
Alexis has multiple personality disorder. When one of her personalities, Jodi, is asked about another one, Tom, she claims ignorance. Tom has never heard of Jodi either. This would be called a : A. co-conscious relationship B. mutually cognizant pattern C. one-way amnesic relationship D. mutually amnesic realationship
D. mutually amnesic relationship
In contrast to clinical practitioners, who search for individualistic understanding of human behavior, clinical researchers search for general truths about abnormality. The approach of clinical researchers is: A. idiosyncratic B. nomosynthetic C. idiographic D. nomothetic
D. nomothetic
A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that persists for years after a horrible event is called: A. hysteria B. acute stress disorder C. generalized anxiety disorder D. posttraumatic stress disorder
D. posttraumatic stress disorder
The people MOST likely to develop stress disorders lived their childhood in: A. well-to-do families, and had parents who divorced when they were in their teens B. well-to-do families, and had parents who divorced when they were younger than 10 years old C. poverty, and had parents who divorced when they were in their teens D. poverty, and had parents who divorced when they were younger than 10 years old
D. poverty, and had parents who divorced when they were younger than 10 years old
"It is obvious that this case of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder arises from an early childhood fixation." Which type of psychologist would MOST likely have made that statement? A. behavioral B. cognitive C. sociocultural D. psychodynamic
D. psychodynamic
The absence of parental love results in emotional detachment and the use of power to form relationships. This is MOST like a _________________ explanation of the development of antisocial personality disorder A. cognitive B. biological C. behavioral D. psychodynamic
D. psychodynamic
You are suffering from arachnophobia. Your therapist first has you go through relaxation training, then has you construct a fear hierarchy, and finally, has you go through a phase of graded pairings of spiders and relaxation responses. This approach is called: A. modeling B. flooding C. implosive therapy D. systematic desensitization
D. systematic desensitization
What model of mental illness did most people hold during the Middle Ages? A. the moral model B. the medical model C. the psychogenic model D. the demonology model
D. the demonology model
What do we know about the inheritance of PTSD? A. The tendency to develop PTSD cannot be passed on from one generation to the next B. The tendency to develop PTSD is a characteristics located on the Y chromosome C. Both men and women appear to be able to pass on their tendency to develop PTSD D. Women who have high cortisol levels tend to have children with high cortisol levels
Women who have high cortisol levels tend to have children with high cortisol levels