Final Exam Chapter 13, 14, 15, and 16
interviewer illusion
"I don't need fancy tests or inventories; I can read people like books." This statement from an interviewer reflects the tendency of:
integrity test
"If you receive an extra cheeseburger when you go through the drive-thru, is it okay to keep it?" In the context of the employee selection process, this could be a question from a(n) _____.
group decision making
Risky shift and group polarization are aspects of _____.
perception, attention, and cognition. learning theories. social and environmental psychology.
Today, ergonomics specialists have expertise in:
Cameron likes animated movies because he has watched and enjoyed all of them.
When Cameron was asked if he liked animated movies, he said yes. According to the self-perception theory, which of the following statements is the best explanation for Cameron's answer?
social facilitation
A bicyclist claims that bicycle racing times would be faster if individuals raced in groups, because the knowledge of being in a group produces more energy to perform better. The bicyclist's claim is based on the concept of:
Role conflict
Aaron works as a marketing associate for Media Cloud Inc. He is currently working on an important project with a tight deadline. He receives a call informing him that his father has been hospitalized after a mild heart attack. Aaron is perplexed whether to leave for the hospital immediately or meet his father after the day's work. Which of the following best describes Aaron's dilemma in this scenario?
According to Fortune Magazine one company was selected four times in the 10 years surveyed as the Number ONE Best place to work in the US. What company was it?
A chronically lonely person
According to research in the area of health and social psychology, who among the following is likely to have the earliest death?
When the person has a vested interest in the issue
According to studies over the past half-century, which of the following is a condition under which a person's attitude will guide his or her actions?
changing their attitudes to fit the behavior.
According to the cognitive dissonance theory, when attitudes and behavior conflict, individuals are most likely to reduce cognitive dissonance by:
Ergonomics
Calico Inc. manufactures computer chairs that are designed to prevent muscular strain and provide back rest. These chairs have been specifically engineered for office workers who spend several hours a day in front of their computers. The managers of Calico Inc. claim that their computer chairs are aimed at promoting worker efficiency and safety. Which of the following disciplines have the engineers at Calico used in developing their chairs?
reciprocity
Caroline has volunteered to work with the underprivileged children who are participants in her professor's literacy project. She is hoping that her professor will take this into consideration when calculating her grades. In this scenario, Caroline is demonstrating an expectation of _____.
affective commitment
Charles works as a program analyst for Devon Co., an IT company. He feels a strong sense of belonging toward the company and works with both dedication and enthusiasm. At times, he even boasts to his friends that his company is one of the best in the industry. In the context of organizational psychology, Charles seems to have a strong sense of _____.
work sample
Dave, a graphic designer, has applied for a job at Animatrix Co., an animation studio. When he is called for the interview, Dave is asked to carry his portfolio along with him. His portfolio contains copies of the brochures, illustrations, and advertisements that he's designed. In this scenario, Dave's graphic portfolio is an example of a(n) _____.
quid pro quo sexual harassment.
During a job interview, the interviewer asks Samantha sexually explicit questions. When Samantha expresses discomfort in answering such questions, the interviewer tells her that she would be hired only if she answers the questions. This scenario exemplifies:
external
Felicia tells her mother that she failed the biology test because her professor made the test too difficult. Felicia is attributing her performance to _____ factors.
assembly line.
Food & Fun Inc., a hamburger fast food restaurant, systematizes its operations in such a way that one person is in charge of grilling, another person is in charge of dressing the edible items, and the third person delivers the orders to the customers. The unassembled burger ingredients are moved from one worker to another via a small motorized conveyor belt. Food & Fun is probably following a pattern of:
there are few tempting alternatives for the partners.
From the perspective of the investment model of close relationships, long-term relationships are most likely to continue when:
cognitive dissonance
Gary's mother tells him that he must complete his homework before he goes out to play. Gary does not like to disobey his mother but he really wants to go out and play. He convinces himself that his mother has been mean to him lately so he can disobey her just this one time without feeling guilty. Gary is trying to change his attitude to fit his behavior most likely to reduce the _____ he is experiencing.
perception that the pay is fair.
In terms of salary, an important predictor of job satisfaction is the:
conformity
In the context of social influence, Solomon Asch's experiment demonstrates _____.
Normative social influence
Joyce has the potential to be an honor student. However, she frustrates her teachers because of her actions. Rather than using her skills to excel, she tends to hide her intellectual abilities to act more like the students she is friends with. She sometimes answers questions incorrectly just to be more like her friends. In the context of the key aspects of social influence, which of the following perspectives explains Joyce's behavior most accurately?
Knowledge, Skills and Abilities
KSAs are a term for common elements in a person-oriented job analysis. KSA is an acronym for:
prosocial behaviors
Random acts of kindness, such as helping a visually impaired person cross the street, are examples of _____.
social loafing.
Six people are competing in a tug-of-war competition. First, they compete as individuals, and then they compete as a team. It is observed that when they are competing as a team their combined effort level is less than the sum of their individual efforts. In the context of group influence, this reduction in effort when competing as a team is most likely due to the effect of:
obedience
Stanley Milgram's experiment demonstrated the effect of _____.
supports the use of accommodations that permit qualified individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions of a job.
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990:
assembly line
The advent of _____ demonstrates the spirit of scientific management and its emphasis on efficiency.
testosterone
The hormone that is typically implicated in aggressive behavior is _____.
self-serving bias
When Karen does poorly on a weekly test, she blames it on the distractions she had at school that week. In this scenario, Karen is using the _____ to justify her performance on the test.
job.
When asked about his perspective on his current occupation, Joy said, "its work. It's not hard to learn. I don't get to call the shots or do what I want. I just work here." With regard to the study conducted by Wrzesniewski on the meaning of work, Joy views his occupation as a:
The central route is effective when people have the ability and the motivation to pay attention, while the peripheral route is not.
Which of the following is a difference between the central and peripheral route to persuasion?
Companies' use of cheaper labor in other countries is one of the reasons behind the disappearance of many long-term careers in the US.
Which of the following is true of the meaning of work?
A change in a person's behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard
Which of the following statements best defines conformity?
Sexual conduct is unlawful only when it is unwelcome.
Which of the following statements is true of sexual harassment in the workplace?
The studies suggest that workers tend to work harder when they are aware that their performance is being studied.
Which of the following statements is true of the Hawthorne studies?
Transactional leaders work within the goals of an existing organizational system and step in only when a problem arises.
Which of the following statements is true of transactional leadership?
Agreeableness
____ is the personality trait most strongly associated with prosocial behaviors.
mentoring
_____ is a relationship between an experienced employee and a novice in which the more experienced employee serves as an advisor, a sounding board, and a source of support for the newer employee.
Discrimination
_____ is an unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group simply because the person belongs to that group.
Job satisfaction
_____ refers to the extent to which a person is content in his or her job.