Final Exam Nurs 623/ 624

Harvey has a rubbery, smooth, round mass on his chest that is compressible and has a soft-to-very-firm texture. What do you diagnose this as? a. A lipoma b. A nevi c. A skin tag d. A possible adenoma

A lipoma

Infectious mononucleosis results from an acute infection with which of the following? a. Epstein-Barr virus b. Acute HIV infection c. Guillain-Barré d. Hepatitis

Epstein-Barr virus

The clinician has been doing diabetic teaching for a patient with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following statements by the patient would indicate that teaching has been effective? a. "As long as I don't need glasses, I don't have to worry about going blind." b. "I know I need to have my eyes checked every year." c. "My optometrist checks my eyes." d. "I will see my eye doctor when my vision gets blurry."

"I know I need to have my eyes checked every year."

Mr. Jackson is a 65-year-old man recently diagnosed with osteoarthritis. The clinician has explained to Mr. Jackson that the goals for managing osteoarthritis include controlling pain, maximizing functional independence and mobility, minimizing disability, and preserving quality of life. Mr. Jackson explains to the clinician that his first choice would be to use complementary therapies to control his condition and asks what therapies are most effective in treating osteoarthritis. What would be the most appropriate response from the clinician? a. "Complementary therapies should be considered only if surgical interventions are not successful." b. "I am unfamiliar with the available complementary therapies for osteoarthritis and prefer to discuss more mainstream treatments, such as NSAIDs and physical therapy, to manage your condition." c. "I would be happy to discuss all the treatment options available to you. Complementary therapies, such as acupuncture, acupressure, and tai-chi, are being studied for use in the treatment of osteoarthritis and have shown promise when used with standard medical therapy." d. "It would be crazy to use complementary therapies to treat such a serious condition."

"I would be happy to discuss all the treatment options available to you. Complementary therapies, such as acupuncture, acupressure, and tai-chi, are being studied for use in the treatment of osteoarthritis and have shown promise when used with standard medical therapy."

The clinician prescribes glipizide (Glucotrol) for a diabetic patient. Which statement made by the patient would indicate that your teaching has been effective? a. "I'll take my pill at least 30 minutes before breakfast." b. "I'll take my Glucotrol before bedtime." c. "It is important to take my medication right after I eat." d. "Since I only like to eat two meals a day, I can take the pill between my meals."

"I'll take my pill at least 30 minutes before breakfast."

Simon presents with alopecia areata with well-circumscribed patches of hair loss on the crown of his head. How do you respond when he asks you the cause? a. "You must be under a lot of stress lately." b. "It is hereditary. Did your father experience this also?" c. "The cause is unknown, but we suspect it is due to an immunologic mechanism." d. "We'll have to do some tests."

"The cause is unknown, but we suspect it is due to an immunologic mechanism."

The clinician has instructed Sam, a 25-year-old patient with low back strain, to use NSAIDs to manage his symptoms of pain and discomfort. Which of the following statements would be most appropriate when teaching Sam about the use of NSAIDs? a. "You should start with the lowest dose that is effective in managing your pain, because long-term use of NSAIDs can result in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as ulcers and hemorrhage." b. "You should start with the lowest dose that is effective in managing your pain to avoid developing tolerance to the medication." c. "You should take the maximum recommended dose of NSAIDs so that you will not need to take narcotics to control your pain." d. "It is important to take NSAIDs on an empty stomach in order to increase absorption."

"You should start with the lowest dose that is effective in managing your pain, because long-term use of NSAIDs can result in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as ulcers and hemorrhage."

Which is the most potent and irritating dose of tretinoin? a. 0.05% liquid formulation b. 0.1% cream c. 1% foam d. 0.02% cream

0.05% liquid formulation

What blood alcohol level corresponds with the signs of stupor and confusion? a. 0.05 b. 0.1 c. 0.2 d. 0.3

0.3

What is the recommended daily calcium intake for adults over the age of 50 with low bone mass? a. 1,200 mg/day b. 1,000 mg/day c. 1,300 mg/day d. 1,500 mg/day

1500 MG PER DAY

You are performing muscle strength testing on a patient presenting with musculoskeletal pain and find that the patient has complete ROM with gravity eliminated. Which numeric grade of muscle strength would you give this patient? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5

2 0 No muscle activation 1 Trace muscle activation, such as a twitch, without achieving full range of motion 2 Muscle activation with gravity eliminated, achieving full range of motion 3 Muscle activation against gravity, full range of motion 4 Muscle activation against some resistance, full range of motion 5 Muscle activation against examiner's full resistance, full range of motion

As a rule of thumb, the estimated level of hematocrit is how many times the value of the hemoglobin? a. Two b. Three c. Four d. Five

3 X

The criteria for diagnosing generalized anxiety disorder in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (text revision) state that excessive worry or apprehension must be present more days than not for at least: a. 1 month b. 3 months c. 6 months d. 12 months

6 months

Women are at the highest risk for developing postpartum depression for up to how long after childbirth? a. 2 weeks b. 1 month c. 3 months d. 6 months

6 months

Eighty percent of men have noticeable hair loss by what age? a. 35 b. 50 c. 70 d. 85

85

An example of ecchymosis is: a. A hematoma b. A keloid c. A bruise d. A patch

A bruise

Reuben, age 24, has HIV and just had a routine viral load test done. The results show a falling viral load. What does this indicate? a. A favorable prognostic trend b. Disease progression c. The need to be more aggressive with Reuben's medications d. The eradication of the HIV

A favorable prognostic trend

Which of the following is "a linear crack extending from the epidermis to the dermis?" a. An ulcer b. A fissure c. Lichenification d. An excoriation

A fissure

A bulla is: a. A vesicle larger than 1 cm in diameter b. An elevated solid mass with a hard texture; the shape and borders can be regular or irregular c. A superficial elevated lesion filled with purulent fluid d. Thinning of the skin (epidermis and dermis) that appears white or translucent

A vesicle larger than 1 cm in diameter

A diabetic patient asks the clinician why he needs to check his blood sugar at home even when he feels good. Which of the following responses would be most appropriate? a. "Control of glucose will help postpone or delay complications." b. "Regularly checking blood sugar will help establish a routine." c. "Monitoring glucose will promote a sense of control." d. All of the above

ALL

A patient with type 2 diabetes asks the clinician why she needs to exercise. In order to answer her, the clinician must understand that exercise has what effect on the patient with type 2 diabetes? a. Reduces postprandial blood glucose b. Reduces triglycerides and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) c. Reduces total cholesterol d. All of the above

ALL

A patient with type 2 diabetes comes to the clinic after reading about metformin in a magazine. Which of the following conditions that the patient also has would be a contraindication to taking metformin? a. Ketoacidosis b. Cirrhosis c. Hypoglycemic episodes d. All of the above

ALL

The clinician is caring for Diane, a 22-year-old woman who presents with an injured ankle. Diane asks the clinician if she will need an x-ray. The clinician explains to Diane that an x-ray is not always necessary for an injured ankle and that the decision to obtain radiographs is dependent on the examination and Diane's description of her injury. Which of the following clues in Diane's examination or history would alert the clinician to the need for obtaining radiographs? a. Inability to bear weight immediately after the injury b. Development of marked ankle swelling and discoloration after the injury c. Crepitation with palpation or movement of the ankle d. All of the above

ALL

Which of the following statements concerning the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome is true? a. There is currently no cure for the disorder; however, patients should be made aware that symptom relief is possible. b. Treatment is directed toward controlling discomfort, improving sleep, and maintaining function. c. Fibromyalgia syndrome can be difficult to manage, requiring a variety of approaches and multiple medications. d. All of the above

ALL

Which of the following statements is true regarding the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome? a. The goal of treatment is to prevent flexion and extension movements of the wrist. b. Splints are used in carpal tunnel syndrome, because they allow for free movement of the fingers and thumb while maintaining the wrist in a neutral position. c. Corticosteroid injections are discouraged in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome because of the risks for median nerve damage, scarring, and infection. d. All of the above

ALL

Which of the following laboratory findings should the clinician expect in a patient with untreated Graves' disease? a. Elevated TSH b. Elevated T4 c. Elevated thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) d. All of the above

ALL? I am thinking TSH would be low

Which of the following symptoms is not part of the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? a. Hypersomnolence b. Blunted feelings c. Loss of interest in significant activities d. Intrusive recurrent recollections of the event

Hypersomnolence- nope- they CANNOT sleep!!

You have detected the presence of crepitus on examination of a patient with a musculoskeletal complaint. Additionally, there is limited range of motion (ROM) with both active and passive movement. These findings suggest that the origin of the musculoskeletal complaint is: a. Articular b. Inflammatory c. Nonarticular d. A and B

ARTICULAR

The most common precancerous skin lesion found in Caucasians is: a. A skin tag b. Actinic keratosis c. A melanoma d. A basal cell lesion

Actinic keratosis

CFS tends to occur in which individuals? a. Active, highly functional adults b. Depressed middle-aged persons c. Individuals with a depressed immune system d. Individuals who are hypochondriacs

Active, highly functional adults

Sandra is 42 years old and has just been diagnosed with leukemia. She is complaining of bone and joint pain. Which type of leukemia is most likely the culprit? a. Acute lymphocytic leukemia b. Acute myelogenous leukemia c. Chronic myelogenous leukemia d. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Acute myelogenous leukemia

Which test is diagnostic of rheumatoid arthritis? a. Rheumatoid factor b. ESR c. CRP d. Anti-CCP titers

Anti-CCP titers/ anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies

A 21-year-old student presents with complaints of fatigue, headache, anorexia, and a runny nose, all of which began about 2 weeks ago. She started taking vitamins and over-the-counter cold preparations but feels worse. The smell of food makes her nauseated. Her boyfriend had mononucleosis about a month ago, and she wonders if she might have it also. Examination reveals cervical adenopathy and an enlarged liver and spleen. Which of the following labs would be most helpful in the differential diagnosis at this point? a. Stool culture b. Liver enzymes c. Antihepatitis D virus d. Thyroid-stimulating hormone test

Antihepatitis D virus

The clinician suspects that a client has patellar instability. In order to test for this, the client is seated with the quadriceps relaxed, and the knee is placed in extension. Next the patella is displaced laterally, and the knee flexed to 30°. If instability is present, this maneuver displaces the patella to an abnormal position on the lateral femoral condyle, and the client will perceive pain. Testing for patellar instability in this way is known as: a. Apprehension sign b. Bulge sign c. Thumb sign d. None of the above

Apprehension sign

The "B" in the ABCDEs of assessing skin cancer represents: a. Biopsy b. Best practice c. Boundary d. Border irregularity

Asymmetry BORDER IRREGULARITY Color not uniform Diameter > 6 mm Evolving size, shape or color.

The clinician is educating a patient about the effects of marijuana. The patient stated she has been smoking for years and believes the use does not interfere with her life. What is a significant long-term sequelae of marijuana use that the clinician should educate this patient about? a. Memory impairment b. Sexual dysfunction c. Dry mouth d. There are no long-term consequences of marijuana use.

memory, dude...I CANNOT REMEMBER.....

The clinician sees a patient who is 5 feet tall and weighs 150 pounds. How would the clinician classify this patient? a. Overweight b. Mild obesity c. Moderate obesity d. Morbid obesity

mild obesity

Depressive episodes associated with bipolar disorder are treated the same as major depressive disorder.

no

Spontaneous bruising may be seen with platelet counts below what level? a. 100,000 cells/mL b. 75,000 cells/mL c. 50,000 cells/mL d. 30,000 cells/ml

BELOW 50,000

A BMI of 29 kg/m2 is considered obesity.

BMI is less than 18.5= underweight. <25- 29 = normal. <29.5-30= overweight range. 30 & up = obesity > 40 morbidly obese

One of the most frequent presenting signs/symptoms of osteoporosis is: a. Goiter b. Abnormal serum calcium c. Elevated urine biochemical markers d. Bony fracture

BONY FRACTURE

Which of the following tests is considered the gold standard for definitively diagnosing osteoporosis? a. Bone alkaline phosphatase levels b. Urinary N-telopeptide assay c. Bone mass density measurement by densitometry d. Magnetic resonance imaging

Bone mass density measurement by densitometry

Normal estrogen function is important for preventing osteoporosis in both men and women. Estrogen works to prevent osteoporosis in which of the following ways? a. By decreasing the erosive activity of osteoclasts b. By promoting osteoclastogenesis c. By inhibiting osteoclast apoptosis d. All of the above

By decreasing the erosive activity of osteoclasts

Depression is the most chronic disabling and economically catastrophic medical disorder of the severe mental illnesses.

nope, anxiety

A no-suicide contract can prevent a suicide attempt.

not true

Fruit juice with added sugar is the treatment of choice for anyone experiencing hypoglycemia.

not! 4 oz juice, 4 oz regular soda, milk.....

A patient comes to the office complaining of constipation. The patient lists all of the following medications. Which drug could be responsible for the constipation? a. Multivitamin b. Magnesium hydroxide c. Pepto-Bismol® d. Ibuprofen

pepto bismal constipates like a

Which of the following medications can cause hyperglycemia? a. Prednisone b. Metformin c. Synthroid d. Cephalexin

prednisone

Which of the following is considered first-line treatment for panic disorders? a. Benzodiazepines b. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) c. Tricyclic antidepressants d. Cognitive behavioral therapy

CBT

Which blood test is a nonspecific method and most helpful for evaluating the severity and course of an inflammatory process? a. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate b. White blood cell count c. Polymorphonuclear cells d. C-reactive protein (CRP)

CRP

Mrs. Anderson is a 35-year-old woman who has been recently diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. She has two young children and asks the clinician what the chances are that they also will develop carpal tunnel syndrome. Which of the following responses would be correct regarding the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome? a. Carpal tunnel syndrome commonly occurs in families. Genetic factors are thought to account for about one-half the risk of developing carpal tunnel. b. Only people with occupations that require repeated flexion extension of the wrist, use of hand tools that require forceful gripping, or use of hand tools that vibrate are at risk for developing carpal tunnel. c. An underlying musculoskeletal disorder must be present for a person to develop carpal tunnel. d. Carpal tunnel syndrome only occurs in the presence of a hormonal imbalance.

Carpal tunnel syndrome commonly occurs in families. Genetic factors are thought to account for about one-half the risk of developing carpal tunnel.

Ian, age 62, presents with a wide, diffuse area of erythematous skin on his lower left leg that is warm and tender to palpation. There is some edema involved. You suspect: a. Necrotizing fasciitis b. Kaposi's sarcoma c. Cellulitis d. A diabetic ulcer

Cellulitis

Which of the following is the only drug for bulimia approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration? a. Sertraline b. Fluoxetine c. Citoprolam d. Imipramine

prozac/ fluoxetine

Mark has necrotizing fasciitis of his left lower extremity. Pressure on the skin reveals crepitus due to gas production by which anaerobic bacteria? a. Staphylococcal aureus b. Clostridium perfringens c. S. pyrogenes d. Streptococcus

Clostridium perfringens

Mandy presents with a cauliflower-like wart in her anogenital region. You suspect it was sexually transmitted and document this as a: a. Filiform/digitate wart b. Dysplastic cervical lesion c. Condyloma acuminata d. Koilocytosis

Condyloma acuminata

Which of the following statements is true concerning the management of the client with a herniated disc? a. Muscle relaxants and narcotics can be used to control moderate pain but should be discontinued after 3 weeks of use. b. An epidural injection is helpful in reducing leg pain that has persisted for at least 3 weeks after the herniation occurred. c. Intolerable pain for more than a 3-month period is an indication for surgical intervention. d. All of the above

Intolerable pain for more than a 3-month period is an indication for surgical intervention.

Which household solution should be used to clean a bathroom if sharing with a friend who has HIV? a. 100% bleach b. 50% bleach and 50% vinegar c. Nine parts H2O to one part bleach d. The friend must have his or her own bathroom.

Nine parts H2O to one part bleach

Which of the following may be used to evaluate a person's suicide risk? a. CAGE b. SANE c. SAD PERSONAS d. DIGFAST

sad persons S-sex male A: age (<19 or >45 years) D: depression P: previous attempt E: excess alcohol or substance use R: rational thinking loss S: social supports lacking O: organized plan N: no spouse S: sickness

Lifestyle modification is the treatment of choice for metabolic syndrome.

so true, you got to move it, move it

A vegetarian patient with gout asks the clinician about food he should avoid. The clinician should advise the patient to avoid which of the following foods? a. Rice b. Carrots c. Spinach d. Potatoes

spinach

A 46-year-old patient is seen in the clinic with abdominal pain. Which of the following tests is essential for this patient? a. CBC with differential b. Urine human chorionic gonadotropin c. Barium enema d. Computed tomography of the abdomen

still able to get pg, check her urine HCG

Which drug category of ARV therapy is generally effective in crossing the blood-brain barrier and may be useful in managing HIV-associated dementia? a. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors b. Protease inhibitors c. Integrase inhibitors d. Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Bipolar disorder requires differential diagnosis from all of the following except? a. Substance abuse and medication effects b. Medical and neurological disorders c. Cluster B personality disorders and depression d. Obsessive-compulsive disorder

OCD

After the initial treatment for anaphylaxis, which medication should be added to prevent late-phase anaphylactic reactions? a. Albuterol b. Diphenhydramine c. An H2 blocker d. Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids

According to Kübler-Ross, the stages of grief occur in which order? a. Anger, denial, depression, bargaining, acceptance b. Anger, denial, bargaining, acceptance, depression c. Denial, anger, depression, bargaining, acceptance d. Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

DABDA

The most cost-effective screening test for determining HIV status is which of the following? a. Western blot b. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay c. Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test d. Viral load

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Which of the following is an infraorbital fold skin manifestation in a patient with atopic dermatitis? a. Keratosis pilaris b. Dennie's sign c. Keratoconus d. Pityriasis alba

Dennie's sign

A patient is 66 inches in height, weighing 200 pounds, and newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Her fasting plasma glucose level is 215 mg/dL. What is the best initial treatment? a. No treatment at this time b. Diet and exercise for 6-week trial c. Diet, exercise, and oral medication d. Diet, exercise, and exogenous insulin

Diet and exercise for 6-week trial

Your patient is in her second trimester of pregnancy and has a yeast infection. Which of the following is a treatment that you usually recommend/order in nonpregnant patients, but is listed as a Pregnancy category D? a. Vagistat vaginal cream b. Monistat combination pack c. Terazol vaginal cream d. Diflucan, 150 mg

Diflucan, 150 mg

Sally, age 25, presents with impetigo that has been diagnosed as infected with Staphylococcus. The clinical presentation is pruritic tender, red vesicles surrounded by erythema with a rash that is ulcerating. Her recent treatment has not been adequate. Which type of impetigo is this? a. Bullous impetigo b. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) c. Nonbullous impetigo d. Ecthyma

Ecthyma

A patient is seen in the clinic with right upper quadrant pain that is radiating to the middle of the back. The NP suspects acute cholelithiasis. The NP should expect which of the following laboratory findings? a. Decreased alanine aminotransferase and decreased aspartate aminotransferase b. Elevated alkaline phosphatase c. Elevated indirect bilirubin d. Decreased white blood cells

Elevated alk phos

Mr. S presents in the clinic with pain, tenderness, erythema, and swelling of his left great toe. The clinician suspects acute gout. Which of the following should the clinician expect in the initial test results for this patient? a. Elevated uric acid level b. Elevated blood urea nitrogen c. Decreased urine pH d. Decreased C-reactive protein

Elevated uric acid level

What is recorded as clinical category two of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (text revision)? a. Clinical disorder or focus of clinical attention b. Personality or environmental problems c. Environmental and psychosocial stressors d. Global assessment of functioning

Environmental and psychosocial stressors

Of the following types of cellulitis, which is a streptococcal infection of the superficial layers of the skin that does not involve the subcutaneous layers? a. Necrotizing fasciitis b. Periorbital cellulitis c. Erysipelas d. "Flesh-eating" cellulitis

Erysipelas

The exanthem of Lyme disease is: a. Erythema infectiosum b. Laterothoracic exanthem c. Erythema migrans d. Morbilli exanthem

Erythema migrans

How often should the clinician examine the feet of a person with diabetes? a. Once a year b. Every 6 months c. Every 3 months d. Every visit

Every visit

An example of a primary skin lesion is a/an: a. Bulla b. Scale c. Excoriation d. Fissure

Excoriation

The presence of a positive rheumatoid factor is always indicative of rheumatoid arthritis

FALSE

Which type of the following is characterized by fatigue on awakening that may improve with exercise? a. Functional fatigue b. Fatigue with an organic origin c. Fatigue of chronic anemia d. Fatigue of depression and anxiety

FUNCTIONAL FATIGUE

What is the most common cause of generalized musculoskeletal pain in women ages 20 to 55? a. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) b. Anemia c. Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) d. Sports-related injuries

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)

The effectiveness of benzodiazepines in treating anxiety disorders suggests that which of the following neurotransmitters plays a role in anxiety? a. Acetylcholine b. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) c. Dopamine d. Serotonin

GABA

Which of the following is most effective in diagnosing appendicitis? a. History and physical b. Sedimentation rate c. Kidney, ureter, and bladder x-ray d. Complete blood count (CBC) with differentials

H & P

A patient with type 1 diabetes comes to the clinic complaining of feeling nervous and clammy. He states that he took his insulin this morning but was late for work and did not eat breakfast. Which action should the clinician take first? a. Check his blood sugar. b. Have him drink 4 ounces of juice. c. Call 911. d. Ask him about his usual eating habits.

Have him drink 4 ounces of juice.

Mr. J. K., 38 years old, is 5 feet 8 inches tall and weighs 189 pounds. He reports that he has had intermittent heartburn for several months and takes Tums® with temporary relief. He has been waking during the night with a burning sensation in his chest. Which additional information would lead you to believe that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the cause of his pain? a. The pain seems better when he smokes to relieve his nerves. b. Coffee and fried foods don't bother him, c. He wakes at night coughing with a bad taste in his mouth. d. All of the above

He wakes at night coughing with a bad taste in his mouth.

Tori is on systemic antifungals for a bad tinea infection. You are aware that the antifungals may cause: a. Renal failure b. Skin discoloration c. Breathing difficulties d. Hepatotoxicity

Hepatotoxicity

Mrs. Gray is a 55-year-old woman who presents with tightness, pain, and limited movement in her right shoulder. She denies any history of trauma. Her examination reveals a 75% reduction in both active and passive ROM of the right shoulder. Mrs. Gray also is experiencing tenderness with motion and pain at the deltoid insertion. Her medical history is significant for type 1 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Her social history reveals that she is a secretary and that she is right-handed. Based on her examination and medical history, you suspect adhesive capsulitis, or "frozen shoulder." Which clue in Mrs. Gray's history supports this diagnosis? a. History of hypertension b. Her affected shoulder is also her dominant arm. c. Her history of diabetes mellitus d. Her work as a secretary predisposes her to repetitive motions.

Her history of diabetes mellitus https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/frozen-shoulder/symptoms-causes/syc-20372684

The clinician suspects that a client seen in the office has hyperthyroidism. Which of the following tests should the clinician order on the initial visit? a. High sensitivity thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T4 b. Free T4 and serum calcium c. Free T3 and T4 d. TSH and thyroxin antibodies

High sensitivity thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T4

Jeffrey has atopic dermatitis. You are prescribing a low-dose topical corticosteroid for him. Which would be a good choice? a. Betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% b. Hydrocortisone base 2.5% c. Halcinonide 0.1% d. Desonide 0.05%

Hydrocortisone base 2.5%

When using the microscope for an intravaginal infection, you see something translucent and colorless. What do you suspect? a. A piece of hair or a thread b. Hyphae c. Leukocytes d. Spores

Hyphae

Adults must show childhood onset of symptoms to receive a diagnosis of ADHD.

I guess so

What is the most common cause of microcytic anemia? a. Anemia of chronic disease b. Sideroblastic anemia c. Iron-deficiency anemia d. Thalassemia

IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

The majority of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections are asymptomatic so that only which elevated antibody titer shows evidence of previous infection? a. IgA b. IgE c. IgG d. IgM

IgG

An important complication of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in patients with advanced AIDS is which of the following? a. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome b. Improvement in opportunistic infections c. Restoration of immune system to preinfection status d. Progression to AIDS

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Which of the following neuroendocrine abnormalities is implicated in depression? a. Decrease in adrenal size b. Increased cortisol and corticotrophin-releasing hormone c. An exaggerated response of thyrotropin (TRH) to infusion of thyroid-releasing hormone d. Increased inhibitory response of glucocorticoids to dexamethasone

Increased cortisol and corticotrophin-releasing hormone

Marci has a wart on her hand. She says she heard something about "silver duct tape therapy." What do you tell her about his? a. It is an old wives' tale. b. It is used as a last resort. c. Salicylic acid is more effective. d. It is a simple treatment that should be tried first.

It is a simple treatment that should be tried first.

Which statement is true regarding chloasma, the 'mask of pregnancy'? a. It is caused by a decrease in the melanocyte-stimulating hormone during pregnancy. b. This condition only occurs on the face. c. Exposure to sunlight will even out the discoloration. d. It is caused by increased levels of estrogen and progesterone.

It is caused by increased levels of estrogen and progesterone.

Early rheumatoid disease is characterized by: a. Pain and swelling in both small and large peripheral joints b. Rigid joints with diminished range of motion c. Joint swelling and immobility on rising d. A cardiac rub or pulmonary friction rub

Joint swelling and immobility on rising

When staging a malignant melanoma using Clark's levels, which level extends into the papillary dermis? a. Level I b. Level II c. Level III d. Level IV

Level III https://www.curemelanoma.org/about-melanoma/melanoma-staging/breslow-depth-and-clark-level/

Which statement regarding necrotizing fasciitis is true? a. The hallmark of this infection is its slow and steady progression. b. Once the border of the infection is "established," it does not spread. c. Loss of life or limb is a potential complication. d. The lesion is most dangerous, because it is painless.

Loss of life or limb is a potential complication.

If left untreated, this condition will progress to complaints that include multiple joint arthritis. a. Sjögren's syndrome b. HIV/AIDS c. Guillain-Barré d. Lyme disease

Lyme disease

Which stage of Paget's disease is characterized by elevated numbers of osteoblasts, resulting in abnormal increases in bone remodeling and leading to an irregular deposition of collagen fibers? a. Lytic b. Mixed c. Sclerotic d. All of the above

MIXED

John is a 16-year-old boy who presents to the emergency room after hurting his knee in a football game. He described twisting his knee and then being unable to extend it completely. John tells the clinician that he heard a pop when the injury occurred and has been experiencing localized pain. The clinician suspects a meniscal tear. Which test would be most appropriate to assess for the presence of a meniscal tear? a. Valgus stress test b. McMurray circumduction test c. Lachman test d. Varus stress test

McMurray circumduction test

Which of the following disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs is a folic acid antagonist? a. Methotrexate (Rheumatrex) b. Etanercept (Enbrel) c. Rituximab (Rituxan) d. Anakinra (Kineret)

Methotrexate (Rheumatrex)

A patient is diagnosed with giardia after a backpacking trip in the mountains. Which of the following would be an appropriate treatment? a. Vancomycin b. Penicillin c. Metronidazole d. Bactrim

Metronidazole/ flagyl

Which of the following signs or symptoms indicate an inflammatory etiology to musculoskeletal pain? a. Decreased C-reactive protein b. Hyperalbuminemia c. Morning stiffness d. Weight gain

Morning stiffness

After 6 months of Synthroid therapy, the clinician should expect which of the following in the repeat thyroid studies? a. Elevated TSH b. Normal TSH c. Low TSH d. Undetectable TSH

NORMAL TSH

A 70-year-old female has fallen 2 weeks ago and developed immediate pain in her left wrist. She thought she just bruised it but is worried because it has not improved. She has used Tylenol® and ice at home, and that has helped slightly. You examine her and find she has moderate swelling and ecchymosis but no overtly obvious deformity. Her ROM is uncomfortable and severely diminished due to the pain. No crepitus is heard or felt. Her fingers are warm; her pulse is strong; and capillary refill is less than 2 seconds. What should you do? a. Make an immediate referral for an orthopedic evaluation without further assessment. b. Tell her that it takes time for these bruises to improve, so she should be patient. c. Obtain a wrist x-ray and place her wrist in a splint or prescribe a splint. d. Send her to the emergency room for reduction of this obvious wrist fracture.

Obtain a wrist x-ray and place her wrist in a splint or prescribe a splint.

When instructing your elderly client about treating her xerosis, what do you tell her? a. A daily hot bath may help the associated pruritus. b. Rub the skin briskly to make sure it is completely dry after bathing. c. Only take short tepid showers. d. Use a gel that is alcohol-based after bathing to soften the skin.

Only take short tepid showers.

Tinea unguium is also known as: a. Onychomycosis b. Tinea versicolor c. Tinea manuum d. Tinea corporis

Onychomycosis

The cardinal subjective symptom of sickle cell crisis is which of the following? a. Pain b. Nausea c. Light-headedness d. Palpitations

PAIN

Which statement about HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for health-care workers is the most accurate? a. PEP should be started within hours of exposure. b. PEP should be started within 72 hours of exposure. c. Renal and hepatic function tests should be done 6 weeks after beginning PEP. d. PEP will prevent potential hepatitis C infection if present.

PEP should be started within hours of exposure.

Which of the following is identified as an eating disorder in which a person craves food substitutes, such as clay, ice chips, and cotton, and is considered an objective finding associated with severe iron deficiency? a. Ferritin b. Porter's syndrome c. Hypochromasia d. Pica

PICA

It is important for the clinician to discuss the long-term effects of sexual assault with survivors. Which of the following is the most common long-term effect of sexual assault? a. Depression b. Obsessive-compulsive disorder c. Substance abuse d. PTSD

PTSD

Mrs. Thomas was seen in the office complaining of pain and point tenderness in the area of her elbow. The pain has increased following a day of gardening one week ago. A physical finding that differentiates the diagnosis and is most consistent with lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) is: a. Ecchymosis, edema, and erythema over the lateral epicondyle b. Pain at the elbow with resisted movements at the wrist and forearm c. Inability to supinate and pronate the arm d. Inability to flex or extend the elbow against resistance

Pain at the elbow with resisted movements at the wrist and forearm

Janet is a 30-year-old who has recently been diagnosed with a herniated disc at the level of L5-S1. She is currently in the emergency room with suspicion of cauda equina compression. Which of the following is a sign or symptom of cauda equina compression? a. Gastrocnemius weakness b. A reduced or absent ankle reflex c. Numbness in the lateral foot d. Paresthesia of the perineum and buttocks

Paresthesia of the perineum and buttocks

Which medication used for scabies is safe for children 2 months and older? a. Permethrin cream b. Lindane c. Crotamiton lotion and cream d. Ivermectin

Permethrin cream

Which person is four times more likely to develop SLE than a Caucasian? a. Persons of African descent b. Asians c. Hispanics d. Middle Eastern Jews

Persons of African descent

A 35-year-old woman presents with symptoms of hypoglycemia. There is no history of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following should be included in the differential diagnosis? a. Anxiety disorder b. Pheochromocytoma c. Psychosis d. All of the above

Pheochromocytoma

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep occurs how frequently during non-REM sleep? a. Every 30 minutes b. Every 60 minutes c. Every 90 minutes d. Every 180 minutes

Q 90

The patient is prescribed radioactive iodine (RAI) and asks the clinician how this drug works. The clinician's response should include which of the following data? a. RAI prevents the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. b. RAI binds free T4. c. RAI destroys thyroid tissue. d. RAI reduces freely circulating iodine.

RAI destroys thyroid tissue.

In the United States, what is the second most common connective tissue disease and the most destructive to the joints? a. Osteoarthritis b. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) c. Rheumatoid arthritis d. Sjögren's syndrome

RHEUMATOID

Which of the following is diagnostic for diabetes mellitus? a. A1C 7.0 on one occasion b. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) of 100 mg/dL on two occasions c. Random glucose of 200 mg/dL on two occasions d. Two-hour post-load plasma glucose of 300 mg/dL on one occasion

Random glucose of 200 mg/dL on two occasions

After removing a tack from a type 2 diabetic's heel and evaluating the site for infection, what is the best plan for this patient? a. Suggest she use a heating pad to improve circulation. b. Refer to a podiatrist for a foot care treatment plan. c. Send her for acupuncture treatments. d. All of the above

Refer to a podiatrist for a foot care treatment plan

When looking under the microscope to diagnose an intravaginal infection, you see a cluster of small and oval to round shapes. What do you suspect they are? a. Spores b. Leukocytes c. Pseudohyphae d. Epithelial cells

Spores

When analyzing synovial fluid, if it is opaque, white, or translucent; has 5,000 leukocytes/Ml; 80% polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN); and a low red blood cell count, it may be indicative of which of the following conditions? a. This is a normal result. b. Scleroderma c. Rheumatoid arthritis d. Sickle cell disease

Rheumatoid arthritis

A patient is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which of the following electrocardiogram changes should the clinician expect as a manifestation of the disease? a. Sinus bradycardia b. Atrial fibrillation c. Supraventricular tachycardia d. U waves

SINUS BRADY

Triggering factors for acute exacerbations of which of the following conditions include exposure to ultraviolet (UV)-B and UV-A rays? a. Rheumatoid arthritis b. Scleroderma c. SLE d. Sjögren's syndrome

SLE, Systemic lupus erythematosus

The clinician has chosen to prescribe an SSRI instead of a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) for a patient fitting the diagnostic criteria for depression. Which of the following is not true concerning SSRIs in comparison to tricyclic antidepressants? a. SSRIs are more effective than TCAs. b. SSRIs take less time to work than TCAs. c. SSRIs have a more favorable side-effect profile than TCAs. d. SSRIs are not lethal in overdose.

SSRIs are more effective than TCAs- nope

What is the mainstay of management for infectious mononucleosis? a. Antivirals b. Symptom control c. Corticosteroids d. Isolation

SYMPTOM CONTROL

Prevalence of psoriasis is highest in which group? a. Scandinavians b. African Americans c. Asians d. Native Americans

Scandinavians

Dryness of the eyes and mouth is typical of which condition? a. Sjögren's syndrome b. CFS c. FMS d. Hypothyroidism

Sjögren's syndrome

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is a classic sign of which condition? a. SLE b. Sjögren's syndrome c. CFS/FMS d. Lyme disease

Sjögren's syndrome

Which type of bone marrow transplant is obtained from an identical twin? a. Autogenic b. Autologous c. Allogeneic d. Syngeneic

Syngeneic

One of the initial steps in assessing patients with musculoskeletal complaints is to determine whether the complaint is articular or nonarticular in origin. Which of the following is an example of an articular structure? a. Bone b. Synovium c. Tendons d. Fascia

Synovium IS AN ARTICULAR STRUCTURE

Osteoarthritis is primarily a noninflammatory condition.

TRUE

A 25-year-old patient presents to the clinic with fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, and constipation for the past 3 months. On physical examination, the clinician notices a sinus bradycardia; muscular stiffness; coarse, dry hair; and a delay in relaxation in deep tendon reflexes. Which of the following tests should be ordered next? a. Serum calcium b. TSH c. Electrolytes d. Urine specific gravity

TSH

Which scalp problem can be caused by a fever and certain drugs? a. Telogen effluvium (TE) b. Trichotillomania c. Psoriasis d. Alopecia areata

Telogen effluvium (TE)

Which of the following statements about performing cryosurgery for actinic keratosis is true? a. It is better to slightly overfreeze the area, so you only have to do it once. b. Using liquid nitrogen, freeze each lesion for at least 30 seconds. c. Every lesion should be biopsied after using liquid nitrogen. d. The 'freeze balls' should be approximately one-and-a-half times as wide as they are deep.

The 'freeze balls' should be approximately one-and-a-half times as wide as they are deep.

Which of the following statements concerning the musculoskeletal examination is true? a. The uninvolved side should be examined initially and then compared to the involved side. b. The part of the body that is causing the patient pain should be examined first. c. When possible, the patient should not be asked to perform active range-of-motion (ROM) exercises to avoid causing pain. d. Radiographs should always be obtained prior to examination so as not to cause further injury to the patient.

The uninvolved side should be examined initially and then compared to the involved side.

DESCRIBE THE VALGUS STRESS TEST

The valgus stress test or medial stress test, is a test for damage to the medial collateral ligament of the knee. It involves placing the leg into extension, with one hand placed as a pivot on the knee.

Why do people of African descent have a lower incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer? a. They have an increased number of melanocytes. b. Their darker skin protects from ultraviolet radiation. c. Their skin is thicker. d. Their immune system is stronger.

Their darker skin protects from ultraviolet radiation

Josh, aged 22, has tinea versicolor. Which description is the most likely for this condition? a. There are round, hypopigmented macules on his back. b. Josh has red papules on his face. c. There are crusted plaques in Josh's groin area. d. There are white streaks on his neck.

There are round, hypopigmented macules on his back.

Jennifer is an 18-year-old who comes to the emergency room after a fall during a soccer game. Jennifer explains that she fell on her left side and kept her arm out straight to break her fall. She has been experiencing severe pain and limited ROM in her left shoulder. The clinician has diagnosed Jennifer with a dislocated shoulder. Which of the following statements are true concerning shoulder dislocation? a. Posterior dislocations are more common than anterior dislocations. b. There is a risk of neurovascular and neurosensory trauma, so the clinician should check for distal pulses. c. Recurrent dislocations are uncommon and would require great force to result in injury. d. Surgery is most commonly the treatment of choice.

There is a risk of neurovascular and neurosensory trauma, so the clinician should check for distal pulses.

Mrs. Allen is a 60-year-old woman who has been diagnosed with osteoporosis. She is very concerned about the risk of breast cancer associated with hormone replacement therapy and is wondering what other treatments are available to her. The clinician explains that bisphosphonates are another class of drugs used in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. What teaching should the clinician give Mrs. Allen in regard to taking bisphosphonates? a. Taking bisphosphonates can result in hypercalcemia, so calcium intake should be decreased while taking this class of drugs. b. There is potential for upper GI irritation, so these medications are contraindicated in people with abnormalities of the esophagus or delayed esophageal emptying. c. This class of drugs can be taken at any time of the day without regard to meals. d. None of the above

There is potential for upper GI irritation, so these medications are contraindicated in people with abnormalities of the esophagus or delayed esophageal emptying.

Joyce is seen in the clinic complaining of vague symptoms of nervousness and irritability. She says that her hair will not hold a permanent wave anymore. On physical examination, the clinician finds an irregular heartbeat and brisk reflexes. The differential diagnosis should include which of the following conditions? a. Myxedema b. Thyrotoxicosis c. Cushing's syndrome d. Pan-hypopituitarism

Thyrotoxicosis

A 64-year-old man with type 2 diabetes presents to the clinic with the complaint of "my feet feel like they are on fire." He has a loss of vibratory sense, +1 Achilles reflex, and a tack embedded in his left heel. Which of the following would be an appropriate treatment? a. Tricyclic antidepressants b. Capsaicin cream c. Vitamin B12 injections d. Insulin

Tricyclic antidepressants

Sam is a 25-year-old who has been diagnosed with low back strain based on his history of localized low back pain and muscle spasm along with a normal neurological examination. As the clinician, you explain to Sam that low back pain is a diagnosis of exclusion. Which of the following symptoms would alert the clinician to the more serious finding of a herniated nucleus pulposus or ruptured disc? a. Morning stiffness and limited mobility of the lumbar spine b. Unilateral radicular pain symptoms that extend below the knee and are equal to or greater than the back pain c. Fever, chills, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate d. Pathologic fractures, severe night pain, weight loss, and fatigue

Unilateral radicular pain symptoms that extend below the knee and are equal to or greater than the back pain

During treatment for anaphylaxis, what site is used for the initial injection of epinephrine? a. IV b. Abdomen c. Upper lateral thigh d. Deltoid

Upper lateral thigh

Which of the following statements is accurate when you are removing a seborrheic keratosis lesion using liquid nitrogen? a. Do not use lidocaine as it may potentiate bleeding. b. Pinch the skin taut together. c. Use gel foam to control bleeding. d. This should be performed by a dermatologist only.

Use gel foam to control bleeding.

The current goal of treatment for a patient with HIV infection is which of the following? a. Viral suppression of HIV to undetectable levels in the peripheral blood b. Compete eradication of the virus c. Encouraging the person to have no contact with uninfected individuals d. Complete abstinence

Viral suppression of HIV to undetectable levels in the peripheral blood

If the international normalized ratio (INR) result is above the therapeutic range in a patient with atrial fibrillation on warfarin, what might the clinician do? a. Stop the warfarin for 1 week, and then repeat the INR. b. Withhold one or more days of anticoagulant therapy. c. Restart therapy at a lower dose immediately. d. The prothrombin time and INR should be reevaluated within 1 month of the dosage adjustments.

Withhold one or more days of anticoagulant therapy.

A 28-year-old patient is seen in the clinic with colicky abdominal pain particular with meals. She has frequent constipation, flatulence, and abdominal distension. Which of the data make a diagnosis of diverticulitis unlikely? a. Her age b. Frequent constipation c. Flatulence d. Colicky abdominal pain

age

A 29-year-old Englishman is seen in the office with complaints of pain in his chest and belly. He has been suffering the pain for 2 weeks and gets temporary relief from Alka-Seltzer®. The burning pain wakes him at night and radiates up to his chest. Which factor favors a diagnosis of gastric ulcer? a. His gender b. His age c. His use of Alka-Seltzer d. His ethnic origin

alka seltzer

A patient is diagnosed with GERD, and his endoscopic report reveals the presence of Barrett's epithelium. Which of the following should the PCP include in the explanation of the pathology report? a. This is a premalignant tissue. b. This tissue is resistant to gastric acid. c. This tissue supports healing of the esophagus. d. All of the above

all

A 28-year-old patient is seen with complaints of diarrhea. Which of the following responses to the history questions would help the primary care physician (PCP) establish the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome? a. Feels relief after a bowel movement b. Sometimes is constipated c. Does not defecate in the middle of the night d. All of the above

all of these

A 35-year-old female patient is seen in the clinic complaining of abdominal pain. Which of the following should be included in the history and physical examination? a. Digital rectal exam b. Pelvic exam c. Sexual history d. All of the above

all of these

A 45-year-old patient presents with a chief complaint of generalized abdominal pain. Her physical examination is remarkable for left lower quadrant tenderness. At this time, which of the following should be considered in the differential diagnosis? a. Endometriosis b. Colon cancer c. Diverticulitis d. All of the above

all of these

A patient is seen with complaints of diarrhea. Which of the following should be included in the patient's differential diagnosis? a. Gastroenteritis b. Inflammatory bowel disease c. Lactase deficiency d. All of the above

all of these

A patient presents to the clinician after experiencing four episodes in the last month of sweating, palpitations, chest pain, nausea, and shaking. Each episode lasted about 10 minutes. The patient is now becoming very fearful of future events and has been reluctant to leave the house. The clinician suspects panic disorder but wants to rule out any possible medical causes. Which of the following medical conditions can mimic the symptoms of a panic attack? a. Pheochromocytoma b. Hyperthyroidism c. Cardiac arrhythmias d. All of the above

all of these

The clinician should question the patient with suspected gout about use of which of these medications? a. Low-dose aspirin b. Thiazide diuretics c. Ethambutol d. All of the above

all of these

The nurse practitioner (NP) suspects a patient has a peptic ulcer. Which of the following items on the history would lead the NP to this conclusion? a. Use of NSAIDs b. Cigarette smoker c. Ethanol consumption d. All of the above

all of these, we probably ALL have ulcers by now!

A patient is experiencing extrapyramidal side effects from his antipsychotic medications. The clinician would most likely take which of the following approaches to treating these side effects? a. Give the patient a "drug holiday" until the symptoms resolve and then restart the medication. b. Switch the patient to a different antipsychotic. c. Treat the patient with anticholinergics. d. Treat the patient with anticonvulsants.

anticholinergics for extrapyramidal effects

Which is the most prevalent psychiatric condition in the United States? a. Depression b. Anxiety c. Substance-related addictions d. Gambling

anxiety

A 25-year-old accountant is seen in the clinic complaining of crampy abdominal pain after meals. She is often constipated and takes laxatives, which are followed by a couple of days of diarrhea. She temporarily feels better after a bowel movement. She states she is embarrassed by flatulence and has abdominal distension. She has had no weight loss or blood in her stool. This problem has gone on for about 6 months. What should the next step be? a. Obtain a complete history. b. Order a barium enema. c. Schedule a Bernstein's test. d. Prescribe a trial of antispasmodics.

complete hx

A patient is seen with dark-colored urine, and the urine dipstick reveals a high level of bilirubin. Which of the following could be a cause of this problem? a. Increased breakdown of red blood cells b. Inadequate hepatocyte function c. Biliary obstruction d. All of the above

bilary obstruction

Assessing for adherence with prescribed medications and developing a plan for what to do if they are stopped is a major treatment issue for which of the following diagnostic groups? a. ADHD b. Bipolar c. Depression d. Anxiety

bipolar

Mr. W, 53 years old, is seen in the clinic with concerns about his left foot. He has a 40-year history of type 1 diabetes with "fairly good" control on twice-daily insulin. He denies injury but states that he tripped a few months ago and that his foot is sore when he walks. Physical examination reveals an edematous, erythremic, and warm foot. There is a superficial ulcer on the plantar surface. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? a. Fallen arch b. Arthritis c. Charcot joint d. Sprained ankle

charcot joint

After returning from visiting his grandchildren in England, George, age 59, complains of a flulike illness, including fever, chills, and myalgia. He reports having discovered a rash or red spot that grew in size on his right leg. What disease are you considering? a. A viral syndrome b. Lyme disease c. Rocky Mountain spotted fever d. Relapsing fever

lYME DISEASE

Which of the following is associated with celiac disease (celiac sprue)? a. Malabsorption b. Constipation c. Rectal bleeding d. Esophageal ulceration

malabsorption

Cocaine acts as a stimulant by blocking the reuptake of which neurotransmitter? a. GABA b. Acetylcholine c. Dopamine d. Serotonin

dopamine- dope blocks your dopamine reuptake & turns ya into a dope- don't use coke!

A 22-year-old is seen complaining of vague belly pain. This type of pain is seen at what point in appendicitis? a. Very early b. 3 to 4 hours after perforation c. Late in inflammation d. Appendicitis never presents with vague pain.

early, Shirly

Which of the following dietary instructions should be given to a patient with GERD? a. Eliminate coffee. b. Drink peppermint tea to relieve stomach distress. c. Recline and rest after meals. d. Limit the amount of antacids.

eliminate coffe, greasy/ spicy foods, eat small meat elevate HOB, wear loose clothing, don't eat late, lose weight

Which of the following is essential for diagnosing thyroid cancer? a. Fine needle aspiration b. Thyroid ultrasound c. CT scan d. Magnetic resonance imaging

fine needle aspiration

Which of the following medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus should not be prescribed during pregnancy? a. Insulin b. Metformin c. Glucotrol d. Precose

glucotrol

Which of the following would be important to monitor in a child receiving methylphenidate for treatment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? a. Liver function b. Vision c. Growth parameters d. Renal function

growth parameters

On further questioning, the 21-year-old patient with complaints of fatigue, headache, anorexia, and a runny nose explains that she is sexually active only with her boyfriend, does not use injectable drugs, and works as an aide in a day-care center. Which of the following tests would be most helpful in confirming your diagnosis? a. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) IgM b. HAV IgG c. Anti-HAcAg d. Anti-HAsAg

hep A, dirty diapers- yuck, tell her to wash her hands

Which of the following is part of the treatment plan for the patient with irritable bowel syndrome? a. High fiber diet b. Tylenol with codeine c. Daily laxatives d. All of the above

high fiber

A patient has acute pancreatitis with seven of the diagnostic criteria from Ranson's criteria. In order to plan care, the NP must understand that this criteria score has which of the following meanings? a. A high mortality rate b. An increased chance of recurrence c. A 7% chance of the disease becoming chronic d. All of the above

high mortality rate

McMurray circumduction test

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Irg3Cb4JaE8

Lachman test

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfN-p-xZx24

Varus stress test (knee)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZm5VEHKMPQ

A patient is seen in the office with complaints of six to seven liquid bowel movements per day. Which of the following assessment findings would lead the NP to a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease? a. Intermittent constipation with periods of diarrhea b. Wakens at night with diarrhea c. History of international travel d. All of the above

hx international travel- oops bad water/ dirty veggies??

Which of the following is a laboratory finding commonly found in patients with anorexia nervosa? a. Hypercholesterolemia b. Hypermagnesmia c. Leukocytosis d. Decreased TRH

hypercholesterolemia

It is important to educate patients with depression and their family members about reporting signs of increasing depression and suicidal thoughts. This is especially true during which time period? a. Before the initiation of treatment b. 1 to 2 weeks after the initiation of treatment c. When switching to a different medication d. 1 to 2 weeks after tapering off medications

in the first 1 - 2 weeks

The clinician finds numerous nodules on the thyroid of a 65-year-old woman. The clinician suspects thyroid cancer. Which of the following data would be most significant for this patient? a. A history of tonsillectomy in the 1940s b. Recent exposure to mumps c. Vegetarian diet d. Allergy to iodine

tonsilectomy in the 1940's, d/t x-ray

Clozapine (Clozaril) requires laboratory monitoring at specified frequencies with results reported to a national registry.

true

The best predictor of suicide risk is a history of suicide attempts

true

The use of benzodiazepines in the patient with generalized anxiety disorder and comorbid depression can exacerbate depressive symptoms.

true

Metformin is the first line of pharmacologic treatment for type 2 DM.

true dat

Urine-free cortisol is one of four diagnostic tests recommended for Cushing's syndrome.

true, urine, blood, CT/ MRI of pituitary, Petrosal sinus sampling

After discontinuing fluoxetine, how long must a person wait before starting a monoamine oxidase inhibitor? a. 2 weeks b. 3 weeks c. 4 weeks d. 5 weeks

wait 5 weeks before starting an MAOI

The patient with GERD should be instructed to eliminate which of these activities? a. Swimming b. Weight lifting c. Golfing d. Walking

weight lifting

Which of the following tests should you order to confirm Mr. W's diagnosis? a. Bone scan b. Computed tomography (CT) scan c. X-ray of the foot d. Culture of the ulcer

x-ray

Which of the following are common signs of type 2 DM? a. Anorexia b. Recurrent yeast infection c. Weight gain d. Elevated HDL cholesterol

yeast infections d/t increased BG

When combined with certain other medications, serotonin-specific antidepressants can have significant liver P450-interaction effects.

yep

Parkinson's disease and dementing illnesses may commonly manifest depressive symptoms.

yes

Women in abusive relationships have a greater chance of being killed by their batterers when they leave the relationship than women who stay.

yes