Final Exam

What words seem to both hurt and heal Mr. & Mrs. Jarvis?

"Allow me a minute"

Which proverb talks about leadership?

"He who thinks he is leading and has no one following him is only taking a walk." -Malawian proverb

Which proverb talks about contentment?

"If God dishes you rice in a basket, do not wish to eat soup!" (Sierra Leone)

Which of the following is something John Kumalo would likely say about church?

"It has not done enough."

What was Arthur Jarvis writing about at the time of his death? (CHAPTER 11)

"The Truth About Native Crime"

How does Msimangu describe the partership between Tomlinson, John Kumalo, and Dubula? Why are we told the government is afraid of Kabula? (CHAPTER 8)

"Tomlinson has the brains, [John] has the voice..." and the government is afraid of Dubula because he has "the heart...because he himself is not afraid" (74). He is a participant in the bus boycott.

Which proverb has a similar meaning as this one? "Sticks in a bundle are unbreakable." -Bondei proverb

"Two ants do not fail to pull one grasshopper." - Tanzanian proverb

Which proverb has a similar meaning as this one? "By crawling a child learns to stand."

"You learn how to cut down trees by cutting them down" (Bateke).

What words seem to both hurt and heal Mr. & Mrs. Jarvis?

"allow me a minute"

copious

(adj.) abundant; plentiful; wordy, verbose

consummate

(adj.) complete or perfect in the highest degree; (v.) to bring to a state of completion or perfection

egregious

(adj.) conspicuous, standing out from the mass (used particularly in an unfavorable sense)

incendiary

(adj.) deliberately setting or causing fires; designed to start fires; tending to stir up strife or rebellion; (n.) one who deliberately sets fires, arsonist; one who causes strife

prosaic

(adj.) dull, lacking in distinction and originality; matter-of-fact, straightforward; characteristic of prose, not poetic

verdant

(adj.) green in tint or color; immature in experience or judgment

inextricable

(adj.) hopelessly tangled or entangled (Unless I look at the solution manual, I have no way of solving this inextricable problem.)

trenchant

(adj.) incisive, keen; forceful, effective; cutting, caustic; distinct, clear-cut

salient

(adj.) leaping, jumping, or springing forth; prominent, standing out, conspicuous; (n.) a projection or bulge, a land form that projects upward or outward

defunct

(adj.) no longer in existence or functioning, dead

imperturbable

(adj.) not easily excited; emotionally steady

frivolous

(adj.) of little importance, not worthy of serious attention; not meant seriously

ebullient

(adj.) overflowing with enthusiasm and excitement; boiling, bubbling

bombastic

(adj.) pompous or overblown in language; full of high-sounding words intended to conceal a lack of ideas

erudite

(adj.) scholarly, learned, bookish, pedantic

austere

(adj.) severe or stern in manner; without adornment or luxury, simple, plain; harsh or sour in flavor

clairvoyant

(adj.) supernaturally perceptive; (n.) one who possesses extrasensory powers, seer

exorbitant

(adj.) unreasonably high; excessive

pertinacious

(adj.) very persistent; holding firmly to a course of action or a set of beliefs; hard to get rid of, refusing to be put off or denied

nefarious

(adj.) wicked, depraved, devoid of moral standards

anarchy

(n) a lack of government and law; confusion

confluence

(n.) - a convergence, a coming together

convalescence

(n.) - the gradual return to health after illness

reprobate

(n.) a depraved, vicious, or unprincipled person, scoundrel; (adj.) wicked, corrupt, or unprincipled; (v.) to disapprove of, condemn

demagogue

(n.) a leader who exploits popular prejudices and false claims and promises in order to gain power

neophyte

(n.) a new convert, beginner, novice

monologue

(n.) a speech by one actor; a long talk by one person

trepidation

(n.) fear, fright, trembling

complicity

(n.) involvement in wrongdoing; the state of being an accomplice

agnostic

(n.) one who believes that nothing can be known about God; a skeptic; (adj.) without faith, skeptical

rectitude

(n.) uprightness, righteousness; correctness

contravene

(v.) to contradict, oppose, violate (Edwidge contravened his landlady's rule against overnight guests.)

dissemble

(v.) to disguise or conceal, deliberately give a false impression

aggrandize

(v.) to increase in greatness, power, or wealth; to build up or intensify; to make appear greater

castigate

(v.) to punish severely; to criticize severely

expurgate

(v.) to remove objectionable passages or words from a written text; to cleanse, purify

Meeting of Kumalo and Jarvis

*-Displays compassion to Kumalo at the house in the springs but he does not physically help him; he does not translate the cruel remarks of his niece regarding Sibeko's daughter (see especially p. 211-212)

What evidence does Lewis use to support his idea?

- He argues that evolutionary thought had been around for some time before Darwin fleshed it out. However, the cultural climate of progress, industrialization, and secularization, led to a culture that was itching for a new way to understand life and existence, so they found the evidence to justify such a change. He points out that this is not done overtly or falsely. He is describing a "perfect storm" of cultural idea shifts mixed with discoveries and natural evidence.

In Cry the Beloved Country, which of the following comes home with umfundisi?

- Absalom's wife - Absalom's child - Gertrude's son

Studying Egyptian history is not sufficient for understanding African history because...

- Egypt is only one of many countries in Africa. - Many countries in Africa have complex histories of struggles and successes.

Imperialism in the African content had which effects?

- destruction of traditional African culture - Interruption of political and economic institutions - Inferior treatment of Africans

Absalom's trial

-Absalom tells the truth: claims that he only shot out of fear -Learn of his attempts to hide after the murder -Absalom admits that he repented because he was caught and in trouble -Another native murder of whites occurs just before the verdict is due -Msimangu and Mrs. Lithebe worry that the judge will be affected by the newspaper account. They conspire to hide this from Kumalo. -What the judge says about the law: it is the one achievement of a corrupt society and must not be set aside -Not the place of the judge to decide how far human beings are responsible for their actions- under the law they are fully responsible -Judge can't find any extenuating circumstances to grant mercy -The other boys get off -Absalom is sentenced to death by hanging

Restoration of Ndotsheni: milk, chief, farming improvements

-Arthur Jarvis' son sends milk from his grandfather's farm for the starving children -Kumalo witnesses the group of men including the magistrate, the chief, and Jarvis placing sticks in the ground- sticks that seem to possess some unknown significance -A storm arrives: symbolic rain, relieves the drought -Conversation between Kumalo and Jarvis takes place in the church will lead to Jarvis' support for restoration -Napoleon Letsitsi- the agricultural demonstrator- arrives; he has been sent by Jarvis -Build a dam -Must stop burning dung and put it back into the land -Gather weeds together and treat them and not leave them to wither away in the sun -Stop ploughing up and down the hills -Plant trees -More: P. 286-287: Napoleon's plans -Jarvis sends a letter to the church indicating his desire to build a new church -Agricultural reforms

Gertrude's life and situation

-Came to Johannesburg looking for her husband who took a job at the mines -Now a prostitute -Has been in prison -Has a son

Kumalo's homecoming, the condition of Ndotsheni, Kumalo's congregation

-Drought has continued -The people of his congregation are excited that he has returned -There is a new chorus in the separatedplace: it is no longer "Cry, the beloved country" - now it is "God save Africa" -Kumalo folloes the advice of Msimangu and Vincent and prays for the restoration of Ndotsheni -Kumalo visits the chief to seek help: The helpless of the chief to do anything should remind you of John Kumalo's description of the chief in Book 1 -Kumalo again prays: "Into Thy hands, oh God, I commend Ndotsheni"

Kumalo's interaction with Absalom's girl

-Gives into the-the pain is relieved temptation to hurt her -Forces her to admit that she would sleep with him if he desired -note: he visits her by himself -growing independence -apologized to her and he will take her to his nice home to help her -the pain is relieved

John Kumalo's life, beliefs, and treatment of his brother

-Has a successful business; no longer married to Esther -Cheated on wife Esther having an "experience in Johannesburg" -Indifferent father- doesn't know where his son and nephew are -Glad he is no longer in Johannesburg under the rule of the chief -Angry over the unequal distribution of resources- the blacks work the mines for the whites but don't get any of the rewards -Great and effective speaker, has the voice but it is corrupted. He only goes so far and backs down before the people are too stirred up. Msimangu believes it would lead to civil war if he kept going -Tells his brother that he will be a better father to his son: is susceptible to fear when Kumalo implies there are spies in his shop, kicks Kumalo out: a break between brothers

Kumalo's journey to Johannesburg

-Hears Africaans language: Dutch -Sees mines -Young man steal his money: bus ticket -Man from church takes him to Msimangu -Experiences indoor plumbing at the mission house

Letter in the opening and its information

-Page 37 -Come to Johannesburg, they found Gertrude Kumalo, Rev. Kumalo's sister and she is very sick -Come to the Rev. Theophilus Msimangu, the Mission House, Sophiatown for advices

Interactions between Kumalo and James Jarvis

-Seek refuge in Kumalo's church during the storm: Jarvis asks if there is mercy for Absalom. Says that he will remember Kumalo on the 15th day. -Meeting on the mountain on the 15th day -p. 307: there are still cultural barriers that prevent them from physically reaching out to each other -p. 307: note what Jarvis says about Kumalo: "I have seen a man... who was in darkness till you found him. If that is what you do, I give it willingly." (another Biblical illusion to Isaiah) -P. 308: Kumalo claims that God has put His hand on Jarvis (think Msimangu)

Arthur Jarvis' beliefs and actions regarding South Africa

-Speaks many languages including Afrikaans and Zulu -Pictures in office indicate that he admires Christ and Abraham Lincoln -Writings: it is no longer permissible for South Africa to continue its current racial practices, as they constitute exploitation. Believes that the tribal system-even though it was violent, savage, and superstition- was at least a moral system -Deals with issues of Christianity: how South Africans have used Christianity to justify racism; how he feels country is inherently unchristian -Feels that although his parents were good parents, they failed to teach him anything about South Africa. the country he lived in -Dedicates his life to this struggle because he feels he has no choice and is glad his wife agrees with him -The greatest joy would be if his children grow to share his believes

You have probably heard the American proverb, "Sticks and stones will break my bones, but words can never hurt me." Which Biblical proverbs contradict this idea?

-There is one who speaks rashly, like a piercing sword; but the tongue of the wise brings healing -Like a madman who throws flaming darts and deadly arrows, so it the man who deceives his neighbor and says, "I was only joking!"

1950: The Population Registration Act. This law classifies people into three racial groups: white, colored (mixed race or Asian), and native (African/black). Marriages between races are outlawed in order to maintain racial purity. · 1953: The Preservation of Separate Amenities Act establishes "separate but not necessarily equal" parks, beaches, post offices, and other public places for whites and non-whites.

...

Another voice begins, this time one that is more liberal. It praises the work of Sir Ernest Oppenheimer, who suggests that the new mines should house whole families in villages rather than house male workers in crowded compounds. Money is not everything, the voice says, and the world does not need a second Johannesburg.

...

At the prison gates, Kumalo meets John again, but John is no longer in despair. He will get his son a lawyer, he says, adding that there is no proof that his son was even present at the time of the murder. Kumalo, John cruelly states, will not need a lawyer—his son is guilty and cannot be saved. The young man, embittered by his disappointment with Absalom, refuses to advise Kumalo and defiantly asserts that his work at the reformatory is important. He drives off, John leaves on foot, and Kumalo is left alone. Father Vincent, he decides, is his only hope.

...

Jarvis goes to bed, where he shares the stories with his wife and expresses his regret that he did not know more about his son while Arthur was alive. He falls asleep in his wife's arms, tormented by the question of why his son was murdered.

...

Kumalo remembers seeing Arthur as a boy, small and bright, with his father—the Jarvis farm overlooks Ndotsheni. He is weighed down by a sudden, inexplicable fear. Msimangu tries to reassure him that the odds of any connection between Absalom and the murder are small, but Kumalo is inconsolable and too tired even to pray.

...

Some time later, the lawyer, Mr. Carmichael, visits Kumalo at the mission house. Absalom's defense will be based on the truth, he says, and he will need as much information about Absalom's character as possible. After Mr. Carmichael leaves, Kumalo frets about the legal costs, but Father Vincent informs him that Mr. Carmichael will take the case pro deo, or "for God"—meaning he will take case for free.

...

THEME Reconciliation Between Fathers and Sons Cry, the Beloved Country chronicles the searches of two fathers for their sons. For Kumalo, the search begins as a physical one, and he spends a number of days combing Johannesburg in search of Absalom.

Although most of his stops yield only the faintest clues as to Absalom's whereabouts, the clues present a constantly evolving picture of who Absalom has become. As Kumalo knocks on the doors of Johannesburg's slums, he hears of his son's change from factory worker to burglar, then from promising reformatory pupil to killer. When Kumalo and Absalom are finally reunited after Absalom's incarceration, they are virtual strangers to each other. The ordeal of the trial brings them closer together, but it is not until after the guilty verdict that Kumalo begins to understand Absalom. In Absalom's letters from prison, Kumalo finds evidence of true repentance and familiar flashes of the little boy he remembers.

Arthur's son

Although only a child, Arthur's son is very much like his father. He is curious, intelligent, & generous. He treats black people with unusual courtesy & pleases Kumalo by visiting him & practicing Zulu.

Father Vincent

An Anglican priest from England who stays at the Sophiatown Mission & offers to help Kumalo with his troubles. Father Vincent counsels Kumalo when he is brokenhearted over his son & presides over the wedding between Absalom & Absalom's girlfriend. He is warm & understanding, & he possesses deep faith

Mr. Carmichael

An acquaintance of Father Vincent's who becomes Absalom's lawyer. Mr. Carmichael is a tall and serious man who carries himself with an almost royal bearing. He takes Absalom's case pro deo ("for God").

pedantic

An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish.

Ch. 23 The trial receives little publicity because the front pages all carry news that gold has been discovered at Odendaalsrust. There is excitement at the stock exchange and talk of a "second Johannesburg" being built. Before the discovery of gold, the land was wasted, but the engineers' patience has finally paid off, and the stock prices are soaring. The English say that it is a shame that these prodigious feats of engineering should have such ugly Afrikaans names and that it is a shame that the Afrikaners cannot see that a bilingual state is a waste of time. In the spirit of unity, however, they keep their thoughts to themselves.

An anonymous conservative voice takes over the chapter, noting that some do-gooders want the new profits to go toward subsidizing social services or higher wages for the miners. This voice notes that it is a pity that these people, most of whom have no financial standing to speak of, are so good with words, such as a strange priest named Father Beresford. The thinking of these people is muddled, the voice says, and the narrator unjustly accuses the people of Johannesburg of being greedy when many of the town's prominent citizens actually give money to charities and collect art.

What was the name for the act in South Africa that led to sweeping racist laws and extreme segregation?

Apartheid

What does sadness does the newspaper headline bring the priests?

Arthur Jarvis is dead

THEME Christianity and Injustice In the tremendous hardships that Kumalo faces, his main solace comes from his faith in God. When he finds out what has happened to his son, his faith is shaken but not broken, and he turns to his fellow priests for comfort. Much of Kumalo's time is spent in prayer, both for the souls lost in Johannesburg and for the fractured society of his village. Not just a form of comfort, Christianity proves to be a tool for resisting oppressive authority as well.

Arthur Jarvis's final essay, for example, calls the policies of South Africa's mine un-Christian. Some allusions are made as well to the priests who have made social justice in South Africa their leading cause. As demonstrated with Msimangu, religion is often held up as South Africa's only possible means of avoiding the explosion of its racial tensions

Arthur Jarvis

Arthur Jarvis's name first appears in the novel after he has been murdered, but he is a powerful presence whose legacy hovers over the whole novel. An engineer and fierce advocate for justice for black South Africans, he is shot dead in his home by Absalom Kumalo.

Mary Jarvis

Arthur Jarvis's wife. Mary takes her husband's murder hard, but she remains strong for her children. She shares her husband's commitment to justice.

Who is John Harrison? (A) Jarvis's nephew (B) Mary's husband (C) Arthur's brother-in-law (D) Jarvis's grandson

Arthur's brother in law

Who comes to visit Kumalo and practice his Zulu? (A) Arthur's son (B) Jarvis's son (C) John Harrison (D) Gertrude's son

Arthur's son

The Bishop thinks that Kumalo should leave Ndotsheni because his son killed Jarvis's son, and because Absalom's wife became pregnant out of wedlock. He has found a position for Kumalo where no one will know of these things. Kumalo is crushed but swallows the Bishop's arguments and obeys.

As he and the Bishop are talking, however, a timely letter arrives. Jarvis has written back, thanking Kumalo for his sympathy and assuring him that Arthur's murder had nothing to do with his wife's illness. He wants to build a new church for Ndotsheni. Elated, Kumalo shows the letter to the Bishop, and the Bishop agrees that it is God's will for Kumalo to stay in Ndotsheni. Kumalo comes home to find his wife and other church members hard at work on a sympathy wreath for the Jarvis family. He sends a local man to gather the appropriate flowers for a white man's wreath.

Chapter 1 In the hilly South African province of Natal, a lovely road winds its way up from the village of Ixopo to Carisbrooke, a journey of seven miles. This misty vantage point looks out over one of the fairest valleys of Africa, where the native birds sing and the grass is dense and green. The lush grass of the hills clings to the rain and mist, soaking up the moisture, which in turn feeds every stream. Although cattle graze here, their feeding has not destroyed the land, and the few fires that burn have not harmed the soil.

As the hills roll down to the valley below, however, they become red and bare. The grass there has been destroyed by cattle and fire, and the streams have all run dry. When storms come, the red dirt runs like blood, and the crops are withered and puny. These valleys are the homes of the elderly, who scrape at the dirt for sustenance. Some mothers live here with their children, but all the able-bodied young people have long since moved away.

Msimangu questions John's fidelity to his former wife. Before John can respond, Kumalo intervenes and John's mistress silently serves tea. Kumalo confesses that listening to John is painful for him, both because of John's manner of speaking and because much of what he says is true. He tells John he has found Gertrude and asks about Absalom. John says he does not know where either Absalom or his own son are, then remembers that they were working in a textile factory in Alexandra. Msimangu and Kumalo take their leave.

As they head to the textile factory, Msimangu explains to Kumalo that much of what John said is true, and that John is one of the three most important black men in Johannesburg. Msimangu also suggests, however, that if John were as courageous as he maintains, he would be in prison, and Msimangu observes that power can corrupt even the most dedicated politician.

Stephen Kumalo Stephen Kumalo is the protagonist and moral compass of Cry, the Beloved Country. He is a quiet, humble man, with a strong faith in God and a clear sense of right and wrong. An Anglican priest, Kumalo cares for his parishioners and presides over the modest church of the village he calls home. By village standards, Kumalo and his wife are middle-class, living in a house with several rooms. They struggle, however, to save money for their son's schooling and for a new stove. Kumalo is not flawless, and he occasionally erupts in anger and tells lies. Praying to God, however, saves him from temptation, and he always repents when he speaks unfairly. Stephen Kumalo Stephen Kumalo is the protagonist and moral compass of Cry, the Beloved Country. He is a quiet, humble man, with a strong faith in God and a clear sense of right and wrong. An Anglican priest, Kumalo cares for his parishioners and presides over the modest church of the village he calls home. By village standards, Kumalo and his wife are middle-class, living in a house with several rooms. They struggle, however, to save money for their son's schooling and for a new stove. Kumalo is not flawless, and he occasionally erupts in anger and tells lies. Praying to God, however, saves him from temptation, and he always repents when he speaks unfairly.

...

The cut-off sentence that closes Arthur's statement is especially poignant for his father, as these are the last words that Arthur writes before going downstairs to his death. Ironically, Arthur Jarvis is on the verge of envisioning a new South Africa when the problems of the old one cut him down. This tragic turn of events indicates the dire need for change.

...

What is in the envelope that Jarvis gives Harrison?

1,000 pounds

Blood River

1838; a battle between Voortrekkers and Zulu attackers; contributed to Afrikaner nationalism; celebrated on the Day of the Covenant; where the Zulus were defeated by the Boers; a battle where Voortrekkers allied with disillusioned Africans and white traders and defeated the Zulu under Dingane, declaring a new republic of Natalia; about 500 Boers killed over 3,000 Zulus (advanced technology in relation to weapons)

1910s-1930s: Africans educated at missionary schools attempt to organize to resist white rule and gain political power. Their efforts are weakened because few Africans are literate, communication is poor, and access to money or other resources is limited. · By 1939, fewer than 30% of Africans are receiving any formal education, and whites are earning over five times as much as Africans. · 1936: Representation of Voters Act: This law weakens the political rights for Africans in some regions and allows them to vote only for white representatives.

1946: African mine workers are paid twelve times less than their white counterparts and are forced to do the most dangerous jobs. Over 75,000 Africans go on strike in support of higher wages. Police use violence to force the unarmed workers back to their jobs. Over 1000 workers are injured or killed.

As James Jarvis sits in his son's house realizing how little he knew of him, he notices four paintings on the wall. Match the painting title/description to what it reveals about Arthur.

4 out of 8 Jesus on the Cross He was acting on his faith and what He thought Christ would want him to do Abraham Lincoln He honored South Africa's history and culture Vergelegen He was inspired by political figures who fought for freedom Willows in the winter He loved South Africa's countryside and natural features

The Native's Land Act of 1913 gave how much land to the black, native citizens?

7%

Shroud

A burial cloth Theodora uses the rhetorical device of a metaphor: the purple robe and purple shroud are both symbols of her position as a ruler. She calls it noble, implying that any other shroud would not be noble; it would be dishonorable to run and die and honorable to die defending their rule.

What is the solution?

A combination of the private and public schooling. Children who live with their parents and are educated with their peers, including girls.

A police captain reports to his officer. He states that John Kumalo is dangerous and comments on the power of his voice. The officer comments on Kumalo's voice as well, saying that he must go hear it one day. The captain wonders if there will be a strike. The officer replies that a strike could be a "nasty business."

A police captain reports to his officer. He states that John Kumalo is dangerous and comments on the power of his voice. The officer comments on Kumalo's voice as well, saying that he must go hear it one day. The captain wonders if there will be a strike. The officer replies that a strike could be a "nasty business."

Summary

A short, objective, and complete review of the entire section or text, includes the main idea and also major supporting ideas.

What is the main idea of "On Duties?"

A virtuous man will use his natural reason to determine how to act with decorum and according to his duty.

The young man

A young white man who works at the reformatory & attempts to reform Absalom. Although he does, on one occasion, chastise Kumalo, he does so because he cares much for his pupils, & the thought of Absalom's predicament pains him.

When the servant called out for his master, Johannes hit him over the head with an iron bar. Arthur burst in on the robbers, and Absalom fired his gun because he was frightened. He and his companions ran away. The judge asks Absalom why he brought the revolver, and Absalom says it was for his own protection. He also tells the court that Johannes brought the iron bar and claimed it had been blessed. The judge interrupts to ask Absalom if his father would bless such a weapon.

Absalom then resumes his narration: after the murder, he went to Mrs. Mkize's house, where he met his accomplices, then buried his revolver in a plantation field. He says that anyone—Mrs. Mkize, Matthew, or Johannes—who denies this claim is lying. He then says that he prayed for forgiveness. He spent the following day wandering around Johannesburg and ended up in a friend's house in Germiston. When the police found him there, they questioned him about Johannes, but Absalom told them that he himself shot Jarvis and indicated where the gun might be found. He meant to confess earlier, but he waited too long, and when the police arrived, he realized that waiting was a mistake. The court adjourns, and outside Kumalo sees Jarvis. He says nothing, however, because he feels that there is nothing he can possibly say to him.

In Cry the Beloved Country, which of the following comes home with umfundisi?

Absalom's child and wife, Gertrude's son

Who is pregnant when the novel ends? (A) Mary Jarvis (B) Gertrude (C) Mrs. Kumalo (D) Absalom's wife

Absalom's wife

Whom does Kumalo bring from Johannesburg to Ndotsheni? (A) Msimangu and Mrs. Lithebe (B) Absalom's wife and Gertrude's son (C) Absalom and Gertrude (D) Jarvis and his grandson

Absalom's wife and Gertrude's son

SYMBOLS The Church The church in Ndotsheni is a simple, rough structure that represents a faith that is humble and unpretentious. With its leaky roof, the church seems to offer little shelter from the elements, but confirmations and other ceremonies occur there nonetheless—with nothing better available, the congregation must simply make do.

Although it is a house of God, the church is also closely linked to Kumalo. It is introduced to us almost as an extension of his house, and it is he who decides when services will be held and does its accounting. When Kumalo returns from Johannesburg, it becomes apparent that his young successor has had no success in making the church his own, and that both the building and its flock are fundamentally Kumalo's. Jarvis's offer to build a new church for the community is a symbol not only of his commitment to Ndotsheni but also of his new friendship with Kumalo.

When Jarvis hears the news about his son, he is watching his farm underneath a cloudless sky. What does this symbolize?

Bad news comes without warning

Why does the book say the murder of a white man is more shocking than the murder by itself? (CHAPTER 14)

Because in South Africa white people are higher up in the social hierarchy than blacks

What is Rev. Kumalo referring to when he says he remembers when Rev. Msimangu "first became afraid?" (CHAPTER 10)

Being sent to reformatory, Became afraid when they have gotten reports that ab is in jail (page 96)

All three of these passages deal differently with the after-life and how it affects present life. Match the main idea to the title of the work. The goal of a person's life is to...

Bible - give glory to God Quran - remember and obey God for rewards Buddhist Text - free himself from his physical body

What is the main idea of John Kumalo's argument?

Black workers should attack their bossess at the mines

Gertrude's and Absalom's stories recur on a large scale in Johannesburg, and the result is a city with slum neighborhoods and black gangs that direct their wrath against whites. In search of quick riches, the poor burglarize white homes and terrorize their occupants. The white population then becomes paranoid, and the little sympathy they do have for problems such as poor mine conditions disappears.

Blacks find themselves subjected to even more injustice, and the cycle spirals downward. Both sides explain their actions as responses to violence from the other side. Absalom's lawyer, for instance, claims that Absalom is society's victim, and white homeowners gather government troops to counter what they see as a rising menace. There is precious little understanding on either side, and it seems that the cycle of inequality and injustice will go on endlessly.

Which sentence from page 5 best sums up Wollstonecraft's main argument?

Day schools for particular ages should be established by government, in which boys and girls might be educated together.

Re-read paragraphs 66-67. What is the author's main idea of these paragraphs?

Defining traits of a strong character

The Bible's "Golden Rule"

Do unto others as you would have them do to you.

As James Jarvis sits in his son's house realizing how little he knew of him, he notices four paintings on the wall. Consider what relevance each of these paintings had to Arthur Jarvis' life. (Feel free to look up Vergelegen.)

Each painting resembled something different. Christ crucified could be related to how the black people have to suffer in the mines and how their civilization is suffering because of their actions in the past. Abraham Lincoln was his role model and he changed the future for the better. The house of Vergelegen resembles what people want but can't accomplish. The blacks want freedom to be able to own land and houses. Leafless willows by a river in a wintry field I think means something about seasons or new beginnings because after winter is sunshine and warmer weather.

A group of European settlers moved to South Africa and stayed, marrying and having children, and eventually became known as Afrikaners. Which country did they come from?

England

Which language mixed with local dialects to become known as Afrikaans?

English

What is Wollstonecraft's solution for schools?

Establish day schools that are run by the government.

What was the main idea of Arthur's book?

Europeans should change their habits and procedures now that they have seen their impact on native society

MOTIF Repentance Throughout the novel, a number of characters lash out in anger. Msimangu speaks harshly when he learns that Absalom has abandoned his girlfriend, the young man from the reformatory speaks harshly when he is disappointed in Absalom, and Kumalo gets upset, at various times, with his wife, his son's girlfriend, and his brother. Often, these episodes are truly ugly. When the young man whirls on Kumalo, for example, his anger is made even uglier by Kumalo's fragile helplessness. Similarly, when Kumalo cruelly asks Absalom's girlfriend if she will be his lover, the combination of lechery and bullying is unappealing.

Even acts as vile as these, however, can be atoned for by sincere repentance. Although the characters lash out in anger, their repentance is always met with forgiveness, and even the gravest insults are excused. This pattern demonstrates the power of caring to overcome bitterness. Social relationships are torn by anger, but they can be mended with kindness.

Which priest marries Absalom and his girlfriend? (A) Kumalo (B) Msimangu (C) Johannes Pafuri (D) Father Vincent

Father Vincent

Cicero outlines the order of who should benefit from people acting out their duties. Order them 1-3 below.

Fatherland and parents Children and household Deserving friends

Which emotion runs at the center of Cry, The Beloved Country?

Fear

Who does Napolean say he works for?

For Africa

Illustration

For example For instance Such as

THEME The Vicious Cycle of Inequality and Injustice Kumalo's search for his son takes place against the backdrop of massive social inequalities, which, if not directly responsible for Absalom's troubles, are certainly catalysts for them. Because black South Africans are allowed to own only limited quantities of land, the natural resources of these areas are sorely taxed. The soil of Ndotsheni turns on its inhabitants—exhausted by over-planting and over-grazing, the land becomes sharp and hostile.

For this reason, most young people leave the villages to seek work in the cities. Both Gertrude and Absalom find themselves caught up in this wave of emigration, but the economic lure of Johannesburg leads to danger. Facing limited opportunities and disconnected from their family and tribal traditions, both Gertrude and Absalom turn to crime.

Chapter 6 Msimangu accompanies Kumalo to the neighboring slums of Claremont, where Gertrude lives. It is a pity, Msimangu says, that the neighborhoods are not farther apart—the trams are filled with rival gangs of hooligans, and there is always trouble. Despite their pretty names, the streets of Claremont are filthy, and Msimangu points out a woman who is a prominent liquor dealer and explains that many of the children in the streets are not at school because there is no room for them in the classes. Msimangu waits up the street while Kumalo listens to the strange, unfriendly laughter coming from behind his sister's door. Gertrude keeps Kumalo waiting while her unseen companions hastily rearrange and prepare the room.

Gertrude is sullen and fearful at first, and she tells Kumalo that she has not yet found her husband. Kumalo reproaches her for not writing and demands to see her child. When it becomes clear that she does not know where the child is, he tells Gertrude that she has shamed them, and announces that he has come to take her back. She falls on the ground in hysterics, saying that she wants to leave Johannesburg but is not a good enough person to return home. Softened by her remorse, Kumalo forgives her, and they pray together.

Where do you think Gertrude has gone?

Gertrude probably ran away to help her husband because she would not leave her child.

Look at this example outline covering pages 5-7, Men say: God is incapable of passion/feelings 1. The Bible says: God can feel 2. God acts as our hero 3. We can both love and trust God 4. Which main idea heading should these sub-points be put underneath?

God is capable of self sacrifice

Which statement best summarizes Augustine's argument on page 1?

God is imcomprehendally majestic yet personal

What significant even happens at Odendaalsrust?

Gold is discovered

John Harrison and Mr. Harrison Sr.'s reactions to Arthur's views

Greatly admired and was influenced by his brother-in-law Arthur Jarvis

Arthur's son sees Jarvis's car climbing the hill and gallops eagerly after it to welcome his grandfather home. A young black man comes to Kumalo's church and introduces himself to Kumalo. His name is Napoleon Letsitsi, and he is an agricultural expert hired by Jarvis to teach better farming techniques. He agrees to stay with the Kumalos while he helps to recover the valley. It will be difficult, Letsitsi says, because he will have to teach the people that their land must be farmed for the common good, not for each individual's best interests.

Hardest of all, he says, will be convincing people to stop measuring their wealth in cattle, as cattle damage the land and do not allow it to recover. Letsitsi confirms that a dam is being built. Arthur's son returns to say good-bye to Kumalo. He promises to continue his Zulu lessons during his holidays.

What favor does umfundisi ask of Mrs. Lithebe?

He asks to let the girl stay with them.

Why does Rev. Kumalo take issue with his son Absalom's tears? (CHAPTER 15)

He believed that Absalom's tears were for himself and not Jarvis.

What brings umfundisi to the house where Jarvis is a guest?

He came to look for Sibeko's daughter.

What hope does umfundisi have that Absalom is not the one who murdered Arthur Jarvis?

He can think of nothing that wolud indicate that his son was capable of such a thing.

What hope does umfundisi have that Absalom is not the one who murdered Arthur Jarvis?

He can think of nothing that would indicate that his son was capable of such a thing.

Why did John Kumalo's son leave?

He disagreed with his step mom.

Explain Napoleon's position on Jarvis' help.

He does the things that Jarvis can't do because he isn't there all the time.

What bothers umfundisi most about Absalom's choices?

He doesn't seem to regret them.

How do the situations facing umfundisi encourage him?

He feels like they will make him a better pastor.

What does Msimangu do for umfundisi before they part?

He gives him money.

Which detail of Absolom's testimony is the one that seals his fate as a convicted murderer?

He had a bullet in his gun

What lie did Absalom tell the people in charge of his rehabilitation?

He had no family

What news of Absalom do umfundisi and Msimangu find out in Shanty Town?

He has been sent to a reformatory.

Who is Mr. Carmichael?

He is Absalom's lawyer.

Hlabeni

He is a local taxi driver who was friends with Absalom. He tells Kumalo and Msimangu that Absalom went to live in Shanty Town and drives them so that they do not have to walk.

What news does umfundisi find out about his brother?

He is a successful businessman and politician.

How is Absalom regarded at the reformatory? What does the staff think about Absalom and his future? (CHAPTER 10)

He is highly regarded, head boy (p. 98)

How does Rev. Kumalo compare himself to the sleeping man in the grass who is lying in the bath of an oncoming storm? (CHAPTER 15)

He is like the man sleeping on the grass because he has the storm around him but he has no idea what is going to happen and used to live in a place where nothing happens and its quiet.

How does reading Arthur's essay ultimately change Jarivis's feelings?

He is no longer afraid

What is Msimangu doing that no other black priest has done?

He is retiring to a special home for priests.

Why do the people on the train laugh at umfundisi?

He is so naive.

What helps Kumalo hold on to his belief despite his suffering?

He is surrounded by a loving community

How does Absalom feel about the execution of his sentence?

He is terrified.

Captain van Jarrveld

He is the Ixopo police captain who tells James Jarvis about his son's murder and arranges for Jarvis's travel to Johannesburg.

Richard Mpiring

He is the servant at the home of Arthur Jarvis who witnesses the robbery and murder and identifies Johannes Pafuri as one of the culprits during the trial. During the robbery, Pafuri hit Mpiring with an iron bar, knocking him unconscious.

What ties does umfundisi have to the people involved in the news story?

He knows the father of the man who was murdered.

In Cry the Beloved Country, what role does Father Vincent play in the jail?

He marries Absalom and the girl.

Initially, Rev. Msimangu says that Gertrude has no husband now. What exactly does he mean when he corrects himself and says that she has many husbands? (CHAPTER 5)

He means that she is a prostitute and she sells alcohol illegally

What biblical story does John Kumalo mock and what moral idea does John Kumalo mock? (CHAPTER 14)

He mocks his brother and his religion, allusion to the story of the Prodigal Son

Ch. 24 Jarvis returns to Arthur's house and finds an article entitled "Private Essay on the Evolution of a South African." In it, Arthur writes that he had an idyllic childhood and was raised by parents who taught him about honor, charity, and generosity. They taught him nothing, however, of South Africa. Jarvis is so hurt and angered by this statement that he almost leaves the house. At the last minute, he stops and returns to the essay. Arthur explains that he will now devote himself to truth and justice in his country, not because he is especially courageous, but because he wishes to be released from the contradictions that mar his everyday life.

He no longer wants to be idealistic in some parts of his life and self-protective in others. He hopes that his children will come to feel as he feels. Jarvis is moved and sits thinking for a long time. He eventually gets up to leave, and the narrator notes that the bloodstained back passageway where Arthur was killed holds no power over Jarvis now. Jarvis leaves from the front door.

Chapter 34 As Kumalo and his congregation prepare for a confirmation ceremony at the church, one of Jarvis's workers brings word that Jarvis's wife, Margaret, has died. As the women lament, Kumalo writes a letter of condolence to Jarvis in which he mentions that he suspects that Margaret is partly responsible for the great contributions Jarvis is making to the village.

He questions whether to send it, wondering whether Arthur's murder is somehow the cause of the sickness that killed her. He decides, however, that Jarvis is a man who stays by the path he has chosen, and sends the letter.At the confirmation, rain leaks through the roof of the church and onto the congregation. Afterward, Kumalo and the Bishop meet privately.

What did Paton do that caused the government to confiscate his passport?

He smuggled Bibles into South Africa

Explain the image the captain uses to describe Harry's possible promotion.

He uses his job as an example. Like sitting on the top of a volcano.

Why does Vincent think that his lawyer friend will take Absolom's case?

He wants to defend the truth

Why did the young man at the reformatory lash out at Kumalo?

He was upset because he failed at his work

Given Jarvis' efforts in the African community and the manuscript he was writing, how is the death of Arthur Jarvis both tragic and ironic? (CHAPTER 11)

He was writing about black crime and then was killed by black criminals. This is tragic because his voice could have helped the rights movement

List three things about Letsitsi's plan.

He will make a dam, the people will collect dung, and white mans grass will be planted

What does it mean when it is said that Mr. Carmichael will be taking Absalom's case "pro deo"? (CHAPTER 17)

He will not charge anything because he will take the case on for God.

What is John Kumalo's reason for not wanting to return to the tribe?

He would have to obey the tribe chief.

ponderous

Heavy and slow moving

circumspect

Heedful of circumstances and potential consequences; prudent.

What desire does Gertrude discuss with Mrs. Lithebe and the girl?

Her desire to become a nun.

What piece(s) of news brings hope to Absolom's eyes in the prison?

His father has found a lawyer He can marry the girl

Explain what umfundisi's friend is referring to when he says, "It is known here... It is known."

His friend is saying that they know even though nobody has said anything. People find things out even when nothing is said.

Why is Jarvis initially hurt by his son's essay?

His son felt like he was uninformed about the real world.

Basic History of South Africa

History of South Africa 1652: Dutch East India Company began living at the Cape of Good Hope Descendants of the Dutch become known as "Boers": Dutch word for farmers 1806: Cape became a British Colony British settlers join Dutch and French Original Dutch resent the British, especially their strict laws about land ownership and the treatment of Africans In colonies: society was racially divided. Local blacks not enslaved, but robbed of lands and herds and killed by European bullets and disease 1830s: British abolish slavery, but racial barriers to political /economic advancement exist Even limited reforms upset the Boers who begin The Great Trek In 1835 more than 10,000 Boers trek north and north east On trek they fight Xhosa, Sotheo, Zulu farmers Boers form two new republics: Transvaal and the Orange Free State 1838: December: Battle of Blood River 464 Boers defeated more than 10,000 Zulu 3,000 Zulu are killed and there are few Boer losses Boers are determined to keep separate from British and Africans; stay in Dutch reformed church 1886: Gold and diamonds are discovered in the Transvaal Johannesburg founded (now over 5 million in population) Outsiders come in 1899-1902: Anglo-Boer War Dutch fight the British and the British win 1910: British conclude a treaty that births the Union of South Africa South Africa has 4 republics: the two Boer Republics: (Transvaal and Orange Free State) and Cape Province and Natal 1946: Alan Paton writes Cry, The Beloved Country WW II veterans are returning and there are hopeful signs that South Africans are willing to accept new race relations No one anticipates 1948 1948: Nationalist Party comes into power Represents white-dominated Afrikaan viewpoint Apartheid "separateness" begins Parliament issues pass laws Group Areas Acts passed: 80% of South Africa was reserved for whites who made up 15% of the population 1950s Black hierarchy: ones who: Lived legally in townships Commuted from homelands Lived in worker hostels with families far away Lived in illegal squatter camps: shanty towns 80% unemployment for blacks in this time 1953-56: Paton helps establish liberal party-elected chairman Sharpeville 1960: Sharpeville Police shot into demonstrators against pass laws 69 unarmed people killed State of Emergency declared: held for 90 days More than 22,000 arrested 1963: Nelson Mandela—head of ANC—African National Congress- is jailed Soweta 1976: Soweta Students demonstrate against use of Dutch derived Afrikaans language in school instead of English Children are gunned down Riots across the country By 1977: death toll is at 1,500 Over 20,000 people are imprisoned Governments around the world impose economic sanctions on South Africa South Africa's Recent History 1990: Ban on ANC is lifted and Mandela is freed 1993: Mandela wins Noble Peace Prize along with F.W. de Klerk (Nationalist party president) 1994: Mandela elected president of South Africa 1996 South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission. The commission, headed by Archbishop Desmond Tutu, was formed to uncover and detail crimes committed under apartheid

What surprises Jarvis the most about his son's funeral?

How may races and types of people were present

What is the main idea of these paragraphs (11-14)?

How the power of reason impacts human lives

Contrast

However In Contrast Unlike Conversely

Absalom's death

Hung without mercy on the 15th day

Which of the following sentences from the epilogue best summarizes Lewis's main idea?

I am only suggesting considerations that may induce us to regard all Models in the right way, respecting each and idolising none.

Do you agree or disagree with each of the verdicts and sentences? Why or why not?

I disagree with both Matthew and Parfuri's verdicts and sentences because even though they didn't actually kill anyone, they were still there and a part of the whole scandal, so they should've at least gotten some time in prison. I agree that Absalom was guilty, but I do not know how I feel about the fact that his sentence is hanging, because that is very cruel. However, what Absalom did was also cruel.

Do you agree or disagree with each of the verdicts and sentences? Why or why not?

I don't agree with either of them because Matthew and Pafuri were there and part of it and the judge just let them go. I think it is cruel to kill people. Even though Absalom did kill someone, hanging is torture. They should sentence him for a long period of time in jail and if he shows bad character and is rebellious then maybe death.

Tixo

I rejected the Zulu word for the Great Spirit as too long and difficult. This is the Xosa word. It is also difficult to pronounce, but many be pronounced "Teeko," the "o" being midway the "o" in "pot" and the "o" of "born"

Where do you think Gertrude has gone?

I think she has run away to go save her husband because she wouldn't leave her child forever. She was too happy to be umfundisi daughter.

The next morning, Mr. Harrison tells Jarvis that he has received word that Arthur's servant has regained consciousness and has identified his assailant as a former garden boy of the Jarvises. He adds that the investigation can now move forward. Mr. Harrison also brings Jarvis the manuscript that Arthur was working on when he was killed.

In this manuscript, Arthur argues that those who say God created black people to be unskilled laborers are un-Christian because they wish to prevent a segment of the population from developing their God-given abilities. The European rule of South Africa, Arthur's treatise says, is not a Christian one. Jarvis is deeply moved. He and his wife grieve that Arthur's life was cut off before he could finish his writing and his life's work.

Which type of injustice is worse, according to Cicero?

Inactive injustice: a person fails to prevent a crime against another

Old Age

Instead, Moore feels that girls should be educated with their older years in mind. Since youth passes away so quickly, girls will spend more life as an "older women," in her home than a young one out in society.

Cicero's "Golden Rule"

It is forbidden to harm another person for one's own benefit

According to Lewis, what is a major way evolutionary theory changed cultural thinking?

It led to people thinking that the cosmos is progressively getting more perfect

Why is the newspaper headline unfortunate timing?

It may impact Absalom's case.

Explain what this statement means, "As long as there is life, there is hope for amendment of life."

It means that even if there is only a small ray of hope, it's still something. Umfundisi son's life can still be amended. Even though his past was very destructive, the son can still change.

What strange claim does Johannes make about his iron bar that convinces Absolom he should bring it to the Jarvis's house?

It was blessed

In African history, what made the slave trade unique?

It was targeted at a specific racial group.

What is symbolic about umfundisi buying Gertrude and the child new clothing?

It's a new start.

What are the two reasons for which Father Vincent says it is important to get a lawyer? (CHAPTER 15)

It's important to get a lawyer because his son could be given a death sentence if they don't prove he shot the gun out of fear. Also, John and his son are turning against Absalom and saying Abolsom is lying about the other two kids being at the scene of the crime.

Explain why James Jarvis felt as if John were describing a stranger to him rather than his own son.

James Jarvis didn't take the time to really get to know what his son's life was like. His wife understood him more but James wish he did.

Summarize the paper that James Jarvis reads that his son wrote.

James Jarvis son was saying how there was much dilemma in Johannesburg and that people should go to God and be happy. He thinks people can be happy without a lot of money and that they shouldn't discriminate blacks. He said that their civilization was no longer christian but is a tragic compound of fearful practice and desperate anxiety. People no longer spread love because they were constantly clutching onto their possessions and how much money they have.

In Cry the Beloved Country, upon umfundisi's return who is the boy that visits him?

James Jarvis' grandson

Margaret Jarvis

James Jarvis's wife. Margaret takes the death of her son very hard. She is a physically fragile & loving woman who commiserates with & supports her husband through their grief. She also shares in his plans to help Ndotsheni.

Margaret Jarvis

James Jarvis's wife. Margaret takes the death of her son very hard. She is a physically fragile and loving woman who commiserates with and supports her husband through their grief. She also shares in his plans to help Ndotsheni.

Explain why James Jarvis felt as if John were describing a stranger to him rather than his own son.

James felt as if John were describing a stranger to him rather than his own son because he never really got to know his son very well.

Why do you think Jarvis is helping?

Jarvis could be helping because he feels bad about what the people have to deal with because of the drought.

Why do you think Jarvis is helping?

Jarvis is a kind man and maybe feel sorrow for the guy. He is compassionate

Ch. 11 Msimangu persuades Kumalo to take a few days' rest while Msimangu goes to Ezenzeleni, a colony for the blind. Kumalo and Msimangu then enjoy a quiet evening at the Mission House with Father Vincent, who listens to Kumalo's stories of Natal and tells them about his native England. The tranquil evening is shattered, however, when another priest enters with a newspaper whose front page announces the murder of Arthur Jarvis, a white engineer and crusader for the rights of black South Africans.

Jarvis, the paper reports, was at home with a cold when intruders knocked out his servant and shot him at close range. The paper states that there are no leads, but police hope the unconscious servant will be able to furnish some information upon awakening. The paper also states that Jarvis was in the midst of writing his treatise on "The Truth About Native Crime" when he was murdered. The article closes by saying that Jarvis leaves behind a widow and two children—a nine-year-old son and a five-year-old daughter.

The following are sub-points from an example outline covering page 4. Put them in correct order based on Warfield's sermon.

Jesus is God Jesus is a servant Jesus is unselfish

As James Jarvis sits in his son's house realizing how little he knew of him, he notices four paintings on the wall. Match the title/description of the painting to its significance for Arthur as a character.

Jesus on the Cross He was acting on his faith and what He thought Christ would want him to do Abraham Lincoln He was inspired by men who fought for freedom Vergelegen He honored South Africa's history and culture Willows in the winter he valued south africas nature...

Who does it seem was in charge of the incident?

Johannes

In Cry the Beloved Country, who is being described as "the man with the great bull voice"?

John Kumalo

Who is the man with the "great bull voice"?

John Kumalo

Who orchestrates the building of Shanty Town? (A) John Kumalo (B) Tomlinson (C) Dubula (D) Arthur Jarvis

John Kumalo

Describe John Kumalo (CHAPTER 7)

John Kumalo is a politician and one of the top 3 most important black people in Johannesburg. Additionally, John owns a shop and makes a decent amount of money. John speaks the truth to Kumalo and does not want to go back to the homeland. He speaks English and speaks down about his old village, but Kumalo knows he is right.

Matthew Kumalo

John Kumalo's son. We learn little about Matthew, but he is important to the plot of the novel, as he is a good friend & eventual accomplice of Absalom's. Eventually, however, Matthew denies having been present at the robbery, turning his back on his cousin and friend.

Ch. 7 Kumalo sits in his lodgings, writing a letter to his wife and listening to Gertrude sing as she helps Mrs. Lithebe around the house while her son plays in the garden. Msimangu arrives and brings Kumalo to the shop of his brother, John. Although John does not recognize Kumalo at first, he seems pleasantly surprised to see him. Kumalo learns that John's wife, Esther, has left him, and that John has since acquired a mistress.

John tries to explain why he stopped writing home and then asks Kumalo if he may speak in English. In a strange voice, he relates that he has been seized by "an experience" in Johannesburg that has made him see things differently. In the village, John says, he was a nobody and had to obey the chief, whom he calls ignorant and a tool of the white man. In Johannesburg, he says, he is free from the chief, although he adds that the church serves a similar function in keeping black South Africans down. Things are changing in Johannesburg, John proclaims, and his voice deepens with emotion as he decries the wealth and power of the mine's owners and the poverty of the miners. Although the bishop condemns this economic discrepancy, he lives in a fancy house, which embitters John toward the church.

What are the two main parts that make of "the community of life?"

Justice, Generosity

Generosity

Kindliness; a person must consider how generosity can benefit others and allow a person to fulfill their duty to society - a man who gives beyond his means will become a burden, and generosity might harm someone instead of help them

Ch. 8 Msimangu and Kumalo catch a bus to Alexandra from Johannesburg. As they board the bus, however, they are stopped by Dubula, another of the three most important black leaders in Johannesburg. Dubula tells them that blacks are boycotting the buses because the fares have been raised and persuades them to walk the eleven miles to Alexandra. As they walk, they accept a ride from a white driver, who goes miles out of his way to help them.

Kumalo and Msimangu walk the remaining distance as Msimangu explains that in Alexandra, blacks are allowed to own property, but that the town is so crime-ridden that its white neighbors have petitioned to have it destroyed. He tells Kumalo stories of whites being attacked and killed, and ends with the moving story of a black couple's rescue of a white woman who had been raped and abandoned by a white man. He also says, however, that Alexandra is more good than bad.

Ch. 15 Before Kumalo can seek out Father Vincent, the man from the reformatory returns to apologize for his harsh language. He advises Kumalo that he will need a lawyer because John is untrustworthy. He says they need someone who will make sure John's claim that his son was not there does not hurt Absalom, and who will argue that Absalom fired because he was afraid.

Kumalo and the young man go to see Father Vincent, and he tells them that he has a lawyer in mind and that he will also help with Absalom's marriage. The young man leaves, and Kumalo speaks about his grief to Father Vincent. He is especially upset that he and his wife had no idea what was happening to their son in Johannesburg and that he has only found out now that it is too late. He is also wounded by his son's apparent lack of remorse. Father Vincent is pained by Kumalo's statements, but he reminds Kumalo that at least his sorrow has replaced his fear and that his son may well still be able to repent for his great evil. Kumalo allows himself a rare moment of bitterness, but Father Vincent refuses to let him remain cynical, insisting that Kumalo keep up the rituals of his religion in order to make true faith return.

He is grateful to Jarvis, he says, and to other good white men, but though they pay his salary, he works for Africa and not for them. It is the white man's policies that have made such improvements necessary, he says, and these efforts are only repayment for a debt long overdue. Letsitsi assures Kumalo, however, that he is not there to make trouble.

Kumalo gives Letsitsi a final warning about hatred and power and is glad to see that the young man is interested in neither. Kumalo stands for a minute gazing at the stars and reflecting that these new, radical politics have come too late for him. There are some who might call him a white man's dog, Kumalo thinks, but it is the way he has lived, and he has done with it what he can.

Ch. 13 Kumalo and Msimangu travel to Ezenzeleni, a colony where white South Africans care for blind black South Africans. Msimangu has work to do here, so Kumalo sits by himself for some time and meditates. The thoughts of his grandson being born out of wedlock, his son's thievery, and the murder bring him to despair, but he takes heart at the thought of returning to Ndotsheni with new humility. Kumalo's newfound high spirits evaporate as he admits to himself that the ways of the tribe have been lost forever. When Msimangu returns and finds Kumalo in despair, Msimangu reminds Kumalo that despair is a sin.

Kumalo is comforted by the help given to the blind in Ezenzeleni and especially by Msimangu's rousing sermon to the blind. He knows that Msimangu speaks to him when he says God will not forsake humankind. Some people criticize Msimangu for using his preaching gifts to teach patience while so many of his people die, but Kumalo feels spiritually refreshed.

Kumalo and his nephew

Kumalo kind of takes his nephew under his wing and plays with him and tries to be a father to him as well as figure out what, if anything, he did wrong while raising Absalom so he doesn't repeat it again.

Chapter 35 Napoleon Letsitsi, the agricultural expert, teaches the people new ways to plow. He plans to build a kraal, where the cattle will be kept. The villagers work with new spirit, but the ones who have had to give up their land are sullen. The future, Letsitsi tells Kumalo, will hold even bigger changes, and he hopes that the people will see the need for these changes themselves and not have to be convinced.

Kumalo praises Letsitsi, but Letsitsi is worried that it will take time for great improvements to happen. Letsitsi also speaks eagerly of the time when the people will not need to take the white man's milk but will instead be able to provide milk of their own. Kumalo is disturbed by this sentiment, but Letsitsi is insistent.

Although Gertrude and Kumalo are now reconciled, she is unable to give him news of his son, although she says that their nephew—John's son—has spent time with Absalom and that he will know. A neighborhood woman brings in Gertrude's son, and Kumalo urges his sister to collect her things while he secures her a room at Mrs. Lithebe's.

Kumalo returns with a borrowed truck to collect Gertrude, and, in the evening, greatly encouraged by the success of this first mission, he feels as if the tribe is being rebuilt and the soul of his home restored

Chapter 33 It is rumored that the sticks mark the place were a dam will be built in Ndotsheni. Absalom's wife and Gertrude's son settle rapidly into their new home. Arthur's son comes to visit Kumalo again and practice his Zulu. He tells Kumalo that he will return to Johannesburg when his grandfather comes back from Pietermaritzburg, and Kumalo comments that Ndotsheni will lose something bright when the boy leaves.

Kumalo teaches Arthur's son some new Zulu words and explains their origins. When Kumalo's wife joins them, the boy surprises her with his command of the language.

Chapter 31 Kumalo prays that his village can be restored. He visits the village chief, but he cannot share in the chief's optimism, as it is all too clear that the white men made the chiefs powerless and left mere figureheads in their place. The chief shares Kumalo's concern about the departure of the young people of the village for Johannesburg but has no new ideas about how to change things, and he concludes the interview by sadly resolving to try to bring these issues up with the local magistrate once more.

Kumalo visits the school headmaster, but he fears that the headmaster's teachings about farming are more academic than practical. He considers them pleasant theories that do not prevent the valley from drying up and its children from dying.

Gertrude's son

Kumalo's nephew. He brings comfort to Kumalo during his troubles. He returns with Kumalo to Ndotsheni, where Absalom's wife raises him.

Chapter 32 Four letters are delivered to Kumalo's household. One, from Mr. Carmichael, explains that Absalom will not be given mercy and will be hanged that month. Another is from Absalom. Kumalo and his wife read this letter together. Absalom writes that he is comfortable in the Pretoria prison and is being ministered to by a priest, but he knows now that he must die. He writes simply and directly about his life in prison and states that he now understands that he belongs in Ndotsheni. The third letter is from Absalom for his wife. The fourth letter is from Msimangu, and when Kumalo reads Msimangu's descriptions of Johannesburg, he is surprised to find himself missing the city.

Meanwhile, the long-awaited storm that will break the drought rolls in. Kumalo sees Jarvis and the local magistrate drive into Ndotsheni and plant some sticks with flags. The chief is charged with making sure that no one tampers with the flags. After commenting that Jarvis is rumored to be both mad and bankrupt, the magistrate leaves, while Jarvis stays behind to measure the land.

astromony

Medieval Idea: the cosmos is orderly and finite, one sphere with each planet and star in its place and returning to its place. Modern Idea: Using the telescope, the conclusion is that the universe is infinite

biology

Medieval: Things began in a state of perfection and are now imperfect Modern: Things began "low" or empty and are growing into perfection

Youth

Moore argues that girls are being educated for their youth. To look pretty and entertain in society.

To Kill or Not to Kill?

Moral Ideal: It is wrong to kill a person Moral Duty: Roman ideas says it is better to take the life of a tyrant than allow him to rule. Thus, it was morally beneficial to kill Julius Caesar.

To Steal or not to Steal?

Moral ideal: To rob another man for one's private advantage is more against nature than death, pain, and similar things. Moral duty: To steal from another man is against the law of nature BUT if you are a person who is beneficial to society, you may steal to preserve your life.

Which of the following men is not a priest? (A) Msimangu (B) Father Vincent (C) Mr. Carmichael (D) Kumalo

Mr. Carmichael

Ch. 21 Arthur's funeral is packed with people from every walk of life, and for the first time, Jarvis sits in church with black people and shakes their hands. Afterward, Jarvis sits with Mr. Harrison. Mr. Harrison looks forward to getting revenge on Arthur's murderer, but Jarvis says that it is too early for him to think in these terms.

Mr. Harrison speaks again about South Africa's problems: the natives are committing crimes and forming unions to demand higher wages and, in general, starting trouble. John joins them, and Mr. Harrison gets even more agitated, arguing against the white Afrikaners as well as black South Africans for claiming that the mines steal the country's natural resources. After asking John to take him to the boys' club some time, Jarvis retires to bed.

Kumalo and Msimangu reach Absalom's new house, but its owner, Mrs. Mkize, is visibly afraid and will tell them only that Absalom moved a year ago. Kumalo knows that something is wrong, and Msimangu tells him to go on ahead and seek refreshment, then returns to question the woman again. She is too scared to say what she knows, but when Msimangu swears on a Bible to keep her secret safe, she reveals that Absalom and John's son often came home very late at night with all kinds of money, food, watches, and clothes.

Mrs. Mkize tells him that both boys were friends with a local taxi driver named Hlabeni. Msimangu hires Hlabeni to drive him and Kumalo back to Johannesburg, then asks Hlabeni if he knows Absalom's whereabouts. Hlabeni, who is scared, admits that the young men now live in a shantytown in the city of Orlando. They drive past crowds of black people resolutely walking instead of taking the bus, while a number of white drivers offer them rides. Msimangu is particularly impressed by the behavior of one white driver who has been pulled over by the police, and he slaps his chest and defiantly echoes the driver's cry of "take me to court."

In Cry the Beloved Country, who gives umfundisi money that will cover all of his expenses and much more?

Msimangu

Msimangu explains that he does not hate the white man, in part because a white man "brought [his] father out of darkness" by converting him to Christianity. He confides to Kumalo that he believes that white people have broken the tribal structure without leaving anything in its place.

Msimangu explains that some white men are trying to rebuild the country for all people, but that they are not enough, and are held prisoner by the same fear that rules the rest of the country. He says that Father Vincent, the rosy-cheeked priest at dinner, is the best person to ask about such things. Kumalo retires to his lodgings and marvels that only 48 hours ago he had been with his wife.

What happens on the way to Alexandra that causes Msimangu to marvel? (CHAPTER 8)

Msimangu is marveling because he sees that white men are helping black men and women in public. He has not seen that before. (p.81-82)

QUOTE The white man has broken the tribe. And it is my belief—and again I ask your pardon—that it cannot be mended again. But the house that is broken, and the man that falls apart when the house is broken, these are the tragic things. That is why children break the law, and old white people are robbed and beaten.

Msimangu makes this statement in Chapter 5 after he welcomes Kumalo to Johannesburg, while discussing the troubles of Gertrude and Absalom. Msimangu explains to Kumalo what he believes has gone wrong with their country: the tribal bonds have been broken, giving young men and women no reason to stay in their villages. These youths then go to Johannesburg, where they inevitably lose their way and become morally corrupt. Msimangu is very explicit about the cause-and-effect relationship that he perceives between the deterioration of black culture and crime against whites. As such, he expresses the novel's central preoccupation with the matter of tribal structure and its important role in holding the country's black population together.

QUOTE I see only one hope for our country, and that is when white men and black men . . . desiring only the good of their country, come together to work for it. . . . I have one great fear in my heart, that one day when they are turned to loving, they will find we are turned to hating.

Msimangu speaks these words in Chapter 7 immediately after he and Kumalo meet with John. Msimangu doubts John's convictions, and instead of calling him a champion of justice, Msimangu calls John an example of power's corrupting influence. Msimangu warns that power can corrupt black people as much as it corrupts white people. It is exactly this corruption that keeps South Africa in its predicament, and in this passage Msimangu unveils his dream of a selfless Christian faith that will bind all people—black and white—together.

Why does Msimangu suggest that Esther might have left? What do you understand Msimangu to be implying about John Kumalo's behavior? (CHAPTER 7)

Msimangu suggest Esther left because John was unfaithful to her. A little bit of irony because there is no difference between what John is doing and what Gertrude is doing. Msimangu is implying that John Kumalo is not an upstanding man and does not follow a moral compass.

Explain how Msimangu's sermon seems to speak directly to umfundisi?

Msimangu's sermon speaks to him with a direct and precise voice and with a sad face.

Upon what issue did Arthur and James Jarvis disagree?

NOT ALL NOT tribal versus city living

Upon what issue did Arthur and James Jarvis disagree?

NOT all of the answers

Which word best describes the people's reaction to umfundisi's return?

NOT curious

What emotion do you think is most likely causing umfundisi to laugh?

NOT happiness

Explain Napoleon's position on Jarvis' help.

Napoleon's position on Jarvis' help is taking care of things that Jarvis cannot do because he is not always there.

What is Rev. Kumalo's connection to the Jarvis family? (CHAPTER 11)

Neighbors- land borders each other

Continuation Next Secondly

Next Secondly

This passage addresses claims or arguments made about Nirvana in order to make sure the reader knows what Buddha had to say. Which of the following arguments seems to be best addressed by the passage?

Nirvana is a state of non-existence

What is the promise that Rev. Kumalo asks the girl from Pimville to make? (CHAPTER 16)

Not to act on her ¨desire¨ to be chaste and quiet and to repent her sins so she can start new.

Explain what Odendaalsrust is and why it is significant.

Odendaalsrust is a name of a mine. There are 4 names, all unpronounceable. It is significant because the name is beautiful to many and their is much gold there that is bountiful. People thought a second Johannesburg could be built there because their is so much gold.

Explain what Odendaalsrust is and why it is significant.

Odendaalsrust is the name of a mine. It is significant because the name is beautiful to many and it has so much gold.

Critique

Offers personal opinions and judgments about the text

He then goes to the window to say farewell to his friend & asks why Sibeko couldn't make his request himself. His companion explains that Sibeko does not belong to Kumalo's church, but Kumalo proclaims that they are all of the same people & should not hesitate to go to one another in times of trouble. He states grandiosely that he will check on Sibeko's daughter, although he will be busy, as he always is when he is in Johannesburg. Since Kumalo has never been to Johannesburg before, this statement is a lie, but it has the desired effect of impressing Kumalo's fellow passengers.

Once the train leaves the station, Kumalo's fears return. He worries about the city, about the fate of his family members, particularly his son, and about his intuition that he "lives in a world not made for him." As the train rattles along toward Johannesburg, Kumalo takes refuge in his Bible, the only thing that brings him comfort in these troubled times.

Who tells the reverends that Absalom has been sent somewhere? (CHAPTER 10)

One of the families where ab stayed in the shanty town

libertarian

One who believes in limited government interference in personal and economic liberties

aesthete

One who loves beauty in art or nature

Explain what this sentence reveals about the character of the "great bull." "There is no applause in prison."

People do not appreciate it in prison or really know what it means. The public no more then the people in prison.

The phrase "such a thing is not done lightly" is used repeatedly throughout the book. Explain the meaning of the phrase.

People do not do such things that may seem inappropriate, improper, or impolite. Modern day looked different back then as it does now. Things in modern society that is appropriate now might have not been appropriate back then.

Explain the context of the statement, "Nothing is ever quiet except for fools."

People stay or keep things quiet but the brave ones speak out about their opinion and what they believe.

Rhetorical Devices

Personification: Moore speaks of the mind like a place to visit - it either has knowledge stored up for entertainment or is empty Rhetorical Questions: These are questions that do not need answers, because even though they are linguistically questions, the answer is already present.

Why should the unborn child not love, laugh, or give too deeply? What is Paton referring to when he writes of the "unborn child?" (CHAPTER 12)

Pg. 111, writing about the future, the children are inheriting a world of hatred, misery

In African history, which people group introduced the slave trade?

Portuguese

In Cry the Beloved Country, which of the following would best describe Msimangu's feelings on power?

Power corrupts.

Besides education, what does Rev. Kumalo hope the schools in Ndotsheni will provide? (CHAPTER 13)

Prepare them for life

Which of the following cities is a capital of South Africa?

Pretoria Cape Town Bloemfontein

Ch. 9 A chorus of anonymous voices describes Shanty Town. From all over the land, people pour into the city of Johannesburg. The waiting lists for houses are impossibly long, however, and there is little room in the houses in Alexandra, Sophiatown, and Orlando. Families with homes take in boarders, but the accommodations fill up, often with a dozen people crammed into two rooms.

Privacy is scarce, and tempers flare. Some husbands and wives are seduced by their lodgers; others throw tenants out into the street in fits of protective jealousy. A well-placed bribe may secure the right person a home, but there are no guarantees. The money to build housing is tied up because of war in Europe and North Africa.

Umnunzana

Pronounced "oomnoomzaan" and means "sir"

Pretoria

Pronounced by English-speaking people as written. A city named after the Voortrekker Pretorius. Capital of the Union of South Africa

adroit

Quick and skillful in body or mind

Which of the following are ways that Augustine has seen words used for sinful purposes?

Read false stories about the world Ignore conscience Speak to defend sins in a court of law

Jarvis has no actual searching to do, but it takes him little time to realize that he knows little about his own son. Away from Ndotsheni, Arthur has become a tireless advocate for South Africa's black population, an issue on which he and his father have not always agreed.

Reconciliation with a dead man might seem an impossible task, but Jarvis finds the necessary materials in Arthur's writings, which give Jarvis clear and succinct insights into the man that Arthur had become, and even instill in Jarvis a sense of pride.

Transvaal

Region of Southern Africa originally founded by Afrikaners; became a source of interest for the British following the discovery of gold and diamonds => Boer War

Which of the following should come next in the outline? 1. Effect on Christians a. Go into the midst of men a.comfort b. help c. uplift d. ?

Rejoice

Harrison often disagreed with Arthur about the natives and the problems in South Africa. How does Harrison feel about Arthur now?

Respect and admiration

Describe the Shantytown. Why is Dubula described as clever for the way in which he leads the Shantytown? (CHAPTER 9)

Shantytown is overcrowded, shacks (no heat, plumbing , etc.), black community. Dubula is clever because he convinces the people to create and build Shantytown, so the government will come in and make new, better housing.

Sharpeville

Sharpeville 1960: Sharpeville Police shot into demonstrators against pass laws 69 unarmed people killed State of Emergency declared: held for 90 days More than 22,000 arrested 1963: Nelson Mandela—head of ANC—African National Congress- is jailed

Nelson Mandella

Sharpeville 1963: Nelson Mandela—head of ANC—African National Congress- is jailedSouth Africa's Recent History 1990: Ban on ANC is lifted and Mandela is freed 1993: Mandela wins Noble Peace Prize along with F.W. de Klerk (Nationalist party president) 1994: Mandela elected president of South Africa 1996 South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission. The commission, headed by Archbishop Desmond Tutu, was formed to uncover and detail crimes committed under apartheid -One of the leaders of the africian national congress who led a struggle to end apartheid and was elected 4 president in 1994 in the first all-race election in South Africa; born on July 18, 1918 and died on December 5, 2013

What has Gertrude Kumalo been doing that has shamed her family? (CHAPTER 6)

She has shamed her family because she is a prostitute, works in a speakeasy and has been arrested on multiple occasions

Mrs. Ndlela

She is a resident of Sophiatown with whom Absalom Kumalo once stayed. She gives Msimangu and Kumalo a forwarding address for Absalom Kumalo in Alexandra, and tells them that she disliked Absalom's friends but claims to know nothing about any crimes they may have committed; Absalom lived in her house before she kicked him out because of his friends and stealing-related activities; she is a resident of Sophiatown with whom Absalom Kumalo once stayed. She gives Msimangu and Kumalo a forwarding address for Absalom Kumalo in Alexandra, and tells them that she disliked Absalom's friends but claims to know nothing about any crimes they may have committed.

In paragraphs 61-62, Moore discusses "accomplishments." What is the main idea of this discussion?

She is frustrated that girls who have not learned anything useful are called accomplished.

How are we told that the girl from Pimville is unlike Gertrude? (CHAPTER 17)

She is openly glad to be in the house, and she is clean with little belongings

Why did Msimangu call Gertrude sick?

She is sick with sin.

What are Mrs. Lithebe's two complaints about Gertrude? (CHAPTER 17)

She talks too easily to strangers, especially men, and she is careless

Ch. 10 While waiting to go to Shanty Town, Kumalo spends time with Gertrude and her son. He and Gertrude have little to say to each other, but he takes comfort in telling his small nephew about Natal, and Gertrude finds a friend in Mrs. Lithebe. In Shanty Town, Kumalo and Msimangu ask a nurse about Absalom's whereabouts. The nurse sends them to Mrs. Hlatshwayo, with whom Absalom was staying.

She tells them that Absalom was sent to the reformatory. As they walk to the reformatory, Msimangu tries to comfort Kumalo, saying that he has heard good things about the reformatory. To Msimangu's surprise, Kumalo asks him what he spoke about with Mrs. Mkize, Absalom's landlady in Alexandra. Msimangu reveals that she told him that Absalom and John's son often came home late with bundles of white people's possessions.

Why does the little girl linger?

She wants food.

Why is the girl no longer employed by the Smiths?

She was arrested.

In Cry the Beloved Country, what plan do umfundisi and Absalom's girlfriend come up with?

She will marry Absalom and go back to Ixopo with umfundisi.

What do umfundisi and the girl agree to do?

She will marry Absalom and return home with umfundisi.

Ch. 16 Kumalo, who has begun to find his way around Johannesburg, goes to Pimville on his own to visit Absalom's girlfriend. She has not heard the news about Absalom, and when Kumalo tells her, she is devastated. Kumalo asks Absalom's girlfriend if she still wishes to marry Absalom, and though she says she does, she seems confused. Kumalo presses her further, and she explains that her father left her mother because her mother was always drunk. She disliked her mother's new boyfriend, so she ran away from home. Even though Absalom's girlfriend is still almost a child herself, she has had three lovers since she left home. Her lovers, whom she calls "husbands," have all been arrested. Kumalo is angered by her promiscuity and harshly asks her if she would accept him as a lover. Frightened and confused, she says she would.

Shocked by her answer, Kumalo covers his face with his hands, and she begins crying and lamenting. Ashamed of his behavior, Kumalo comforts her and asks if she would like to come with him to Ndotsheni and live with his family as their daughter. She gratefully responds that she would and assures him that her only desire is a quiet life. Kumalo is surprised to find himself laughing with pleasure, and after making Absalom's girlfriend promise to tell him if she ever regrets her decision, he goes off to find her a new place to stay.

Which country would Africans most likely have been taken from?

Sierra Leone

Private Education

Similar to a modern idea of homeschooling. Wollstonecraft's argument against this is that she says parents can not provide the stimulation and learning experience that a child's peers can.

Comparison

Similarly Like As Likewise

Public School

Since they were limited to boys only, Wollstonecraft argues that these turn out boys who are lazy gluttons and are no good for society.

Theodora sums up her main idea in the last line. Which of the following choices best summarizes her main argument? "I agree with the adage that the royal purple is the noblest shroud."

Since we will all die and be buried, it is more honorable to die and be buried defending my rule.

Morality

Society will be happy and free if it is virtuous, religion can be taught through conversations and questions, rather then memorization

Explain this sentence's context, "Out of a cloudless sky these things come."

Sometimes good or bad things can come unexpectedly.

Where was Alan Paton born and raised?

South Africa

History of Apartheid in South Africa South Africa is a country blessed with an abundance of natural resources including fertile farmlands and unique mineral resources. South African mines are world leaders in the production of diamonds and gold as well as strategic metals such as platinum.

South Africa was colonized by the English & Dutch in the 17th century. English domination of the Dutch descendents (known as Boers or Afrikaners) resulted in the Dutch establishing the new colonies of Orange Free State & Transvaal. The discovery of diamonds in these lands around 1900 resulted in an English invasion which sparked the Boer War. Following independence from England, an uneasy power-sharing between the two groups held sway until the 1940's, when the Afrikaner National Party was able to gain a strong majority. The National Party leaders invented apartheid as a means to cement their control over the economic and social system. Initially, aim of the apartheid was to maintain white domination while extending racial separation. Starting in the 60's, a plan of "Grand Apartheid'' was executed, emphasizing territorial separation & police repression.

Soweta

Soweta 1976: Soweta Students demonstrate against use of Dutch derived Afrikaans language in school instead of English Children are gunned down Riots across the country By 1977: death toll is at 1,500 Over 20,000 people are imprisoned Governments around the world impose economic sanctions on South Africa

As Kumalo mulls over his disappointments, Arthur's son rides by on horseback. He is staying with his grandfather. He greets Kumalo with uncustomary politeness and asks to see his home. The boy asks for a drink of milk, but there is no milk in Ndotsheni. He asks what children do without milk, and Kumalo tells him that some children are dying. The small boy practices his Zulu with Kumalo and rides off.

That evening, a worker from Jarvis's farm delivers milk to be given to all of the small children in Ndotsheni. Overwhelmed by the suddenness of this gift, Kumalo laughs until he is sore.

What bad news does Rev. Kumalo receive about his brother? Keep in mind that Stephen Kumalo is a man of God (CHAPTER 5)

That he is not a frequent church goer and has doesn't believe in many of the things that Kumalo believes in. "Your brother has no use for the church any more" (55)

What was Margaret's last wish as detailed in Jarvis's letter?

That the church be rebuilt

Napoleon Letsitsi

The agricultural expert hired by James Jarvis to teach better farming techniques to the people of Ndotsheni. A well-educated middle-class black man, Letsitsi earns a good salary & is eager to help build his country. Although grateful for the help of good white men, he nonetheless looks forward to an Africa in which black people will not rely on whites for their basic needs.

Napoleon Letsitsi

The agricultural expert hired by James Jarvis to teach better farming techniques to the people of Ndotsheni. A well-educated middle-class black man, Letsitsi earns a good salary and is eager to help build his country. Although grateful for the help of good white men, he nonetheless looks forward to an Africa in which black people will not rely on whites for their basic needs.

John Harrison

The brother of Mary Jarvis, Arthur Jarvis's wife. John is young & quick-witted, & shares Arthur's opinions about the rights of the black population in South Africa. He provides companionship to James Jarvis in Johannesburg

John Harrison

The brother of Mary Jarvis, Arthur Jarvis's wife. John is young and quick-witted, and shares Arthur's opinions about the rights of the black population in South Africa. He provides companionship to James Jarvis in Johannesburg.

The bus boycott

The bus fare was raised to sixpence from fourpence. Dubula has the heart and seeks nothing for himself, some whites help, lets not use the busses until we have a fair price. Chapter 8.

papacy

The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head.

SYMBOL Brightness Both Arthur and his son are notable for their "brightness," a symbol of their eager intellects and generous hearts. Although they don't shine physically, there is still something inherently brilliant about them that holds unquestionable promise. The novel's mystical way of describing them is strongly reminiscent of the language typically used to describe angels, messengers of God who take human form but are somehow obviously more than human.

The character of Arthur's son seems to be especially developed as an almost divine agent. He rides around Ndotsheni on his horse, appearing periodically to raise Kumalo's spirits, and his visits are occasionally followed by some generosity from his grandfather (an unexpected milk delivery, for example, or the arrival of Napoleon Letsitsi). Both Arthur and his son, then, help to bring good to their fellow men.

What is the main idea of this chapter?

The depth of pain Augustine feels remembering his sins drives him to praise God for His goodness and mercy.

With the enactment of apartheid laws in 1948, racial discrimination was institutionalized. Race laws touched every aspect of social life, including a prohibition of marriage between non-whites and whites, and the sanctioning of "white-only'' jobs. In 1950, the Population Registration Act required that all South Africans be racially classified into one of 3 categories: white, black (African), or colored (of mixed decent).

The determination that a person was "obviously white'' would take into account "his habits, education, & speech and deportment and demeanor.'' A black person would be of or accepted as a member of an African tribe or race, & a colored person is one that is not black or white. The Department of Home Affairs (a government bureau) was responsible for the classification of the citizenry. Non-compliance with the race laws were dealt with harshly. All blacks were required to carry "pass books'' containing fingerprints, photo and information on access to non-black areas

Inkosi

The final "i" is hardly sounded. Means "chief" or "master"

What example of foreshadowing do we see in the reverends' visit to Mrs. Ndela's house? (CHAPTER 7)

The foreshadowing present is when Absalom is caught hanging out with bad people and Kumalo becomes worried he is falling down the same path as Gertrude and John.

Explain the image the captain uses to describe Harry's possible promotion.

The image that the captain used to describe Harry's possible promotion is of someone sitting on top of a volcano.

Chapter 28 The judge delivers his verdict on Absalom's crime. While a Zulu interpreter translates, the judge explains that even though Arthur's servant identified Johannes as having been present during the break-in, there is not enough proof to convict Johannes. Although he acknowledges that Absalom's testimony is vivid and that it was corroborated by plenty of circumstantial evidence, the judge also wonders out loud whether Absalom named his accomplices to alleviate his own guilt. For these reasons, the judge declares Johannes and Matthew not guilty, although he hopes there will be further investigation into their previous criminal activities.

The judge turns his attention to Absalom. He agrees with many of Mr. Carmichael's arguments regarding Absalom's remorse, the honesty of his testimony, and his youth. He also mentions Carmichael's argument that the destruction of tribal society and the conditions of native life in Johannesburg contributed to the crime. The judge explains, however, that he must uphold the law, even if that law was made by an unjust society. If Absalom had truly fired in fear, the judge says, the charge of murder would have to be dropped, but he says the fact that Absalom brought a loaded revolver into the house and that the servant was struck with an iron bar demonstrate an intention to kill. Therefore, he finds Absalom guilty of murder. The judge believes there are no special grounds for mercy, which means that Absalom is sentenced to hang. Only the governor-general-in-council can lessen Absalom's sentence. The young man from the reformatory, who has attended the trial, crosses the color line that separates whites and blacks in the courtroom in order to help Kumalo exit.

The Judge

The judge who presides over Absalom's case seems to be a fair-minded man, but he is constrained by unjust laws & applies them strictly.

Umfundisi

The last "i" is hardly sounded. Pronounce approximately "oomfoondees," the "oo" being as in "book," and the "res" as "eace" in the word "peace." Means "parson," but is also a title and used with respect

Explain the metaphor umfundisi uses of the sleeping man with the storm coming.

The man is sleeping and there is a storm coming. People pass him but none wake him up. Either of fear or they just don't see him. He didn't find out about his son before it was too late. He was "asleep" and other people knew and didn't inform him about it. Umfundisi didn't know what was coming.

Explain the metaphor umfundisi uses of the sleeping man with the storm coming.

The metaphor Umfundisi uses of the sleeping man with the storm coming refers to his son and how no one informed him about his son until it was too late. The metaphor discusses a man who is sleeping while a storm is about to come. No one woke the man up because they either didn't see him or they did but they were too afraid.

What money does Kumalo use for his trip to Johannesburg? (A) The money he and his wife have been saving for Absalom's schooling (B) The money he has been saving to build a new church (C) Money given to him by Msimangu (D) Money given to him by Jarvis

The money he and his wife have been saving for Absalom's schooling

What does Msimangu say is the only hope for South Africa? (CHAPTER 7)

The one hope for South Africa is "when white men and black men, desiring neither power nor money, but desiring only the good of their country, come together to work for it" (71).

Ch. 22 Absalom's trial begins. Europeans sit on one side of the courtroom and non-Europeans sit on the other. The narrator notes that in South Africa, the judges are treated with great respect by all races, but though they are just, they often enforce unjust laws created by the white people. Absalom's two accomplices plead not guilty, but Absalom's lawyer says that Absalom will plead guilty only to "culpable homicide" since Absalom did not intend to kill Arthur Jarvis. The prosecutor denies this petition, however, and Absalom is forced to enter a plea of not guilty.

The other two defendants—John's son, Matthew, and a man named Johannes Pafuri—look sad and shocked while Absalom tells his side of the story. Absalom says that Johannes planned the robbery after hearing "a voice" that told him a time and date. After entering Arthur Jarvis's house, Absalom says, Johannes confronted Arthur's servant and demanded money and clothes.

Summarize the paper that James Jarvis reads that his son wrote.

The paper that James Jarvis reads that his son wrote discusses his views on the emphasis of how people should go to God to be happy, but he thinks people can be happy without money. He also talked about how Christians have changed into people who no longer love but worry about their possessions and money.

Ch. 25 Jarvis and his wife go to visit one of Mrs. Jarvis's favorite nieces, Barbara Smith. While the women go into town, Jarvis stays behind to read the newspaper's reports on crime and the gold rush. There is a knock at the door, and when Jarvis opens it, he is surprised to see a frail black parson in tattered clothes. The parson seems shocked by the sight of Jarvis and begins trembling so much that he is forced to sit down on the house steps. Torn between compassion and irritation, Jarvis holds the parson's stick and hat while the parson struggles to his feet and collects his scattered papers.

The parson explains that he is there to check on a friend's daughter who had come to work for the household. Jarvis refers him to the house's native servant, then realizes that the man before him must be the parson, known in Zulu as the "umfundisi," of Ndotsheni, Jarvis's hometown. Jarvis tells the parson that he may wait for the mistress of the house to return, then asks the old man why he is so afraid of him. The umfundisi, who does not give his name but is obviously Kumalo, reveals that it is his son who murdered Arthur Jarvis. Jarvis leaves abruptly to walk around the garden, and though he is obviously very emotional when he returns, he informs the parson that he is not angry. They share a memory of Arthur when he was young, and Kumalo tells Jarvis how saddened he is by the Jarvis family's loss. Mrs. Smith returns and curtly informs Kumalo, through Jarvis, that the girl he seeks was fired after she was arrested for distilling liquor. She has no idea where the girl is now. The parson leaves, and when Mrs. Jarvis asks Jarvis why he seems disturbed, Jarvis makes a cryptic comment about a visit from the past.

How does the perspective of the story change in the middle of the book, Cry the Beloved Country?

The perspective of the story changes from Kumalo's point of view to other James Jarvis's point of view.

The phrase "such a thing is not done lightly" is used repeatedly throughout the book. Explain the meaning of the phrase.

The phrase "such a thing is not done lightly" means that people back then didn't do things that were impolite or inappropriate. Some things that are seen as normal now were not normal back then. The phrase also means that whatever thing it was referring to was not simply done without to much effort.

In addition to the reverends, who else is vigorously looking for Absalom? (CHAPTER 12)

The police are looking for Absalom, too

Sir Ernest Oppenheimer

The real-life head of "a very important mining group." Alan Paton drops this guy's name to add some authenticity in the twenty-third chapter, the chapter on the discovery of gold in Odendaalsrust.

Purpose

The reasons an author writes. Many religious texts have a purpose of persuading the reader to believe something or act in a certain way. Look for specific purposes inside a text that answer "why" questions.

On page 89, the mother has made a change in the traditional Christian Holy Trinity. What is the implication of the addition of "white man have mercy on us"? (CHAPTER 9)

The replacement of the white man instead of Holy Spirit implies that the white man is equal with God and has superior power over black people.

Dubula

The second in a trio of powerful black politicians in Johannesburg. Dubula provides the heart to complement John Kumalo's voice. The bus boycott & the construction of Shanty Town are his handiwork.

Dubula

The second in a trio of powerful black politicians in Johannesburg. Dubula provides the heart to complement John Kumalo's voice. The bus boycott and the construction of Shanty Town are his handiwork.

Explain what this sentence reveals about the character of the "great bull." "There is no applause in prison."

The sentence "there is no applause in prison" means that a prisoner does not get respect or applause because they have done something bad. This sentence reveals that the "great bull" is not a prisoner because they get a lot of applause.

MOTIF Repeated Phrases A number of phrases are repeated throughout the novel, and they show subtle changes in meaning every time they appear. One such phrase is "as was the custom" or "it was not the custom." Kumalo expects to be treated as an inferior by white people in small, customary ways. When these customs are violated, the concessions seem to be minor, but the repetition of the phrase alerts us as to how often these small acts of defiance occur.

The seriousness of these actions is summed up in the phrase "not a thing to be done lightly," which also appears with some frequency. Instances of reconciliation are often so nuanced in the novel that we can easily miss their significance and think that Kumalo's and Jarvis's efforts have all been for nothing. With the recurrence of the phrase "not a thing to be done lightly," however, it becomes clearer that taboos are being broken more and more and that blacks and whites are inching closer to change.

Explain how Msimangu's sermon seems to speak directly to umfundisi?

The sermon speaks to him with a voice and with a sad face. He is very direct and precise.

Kuluse

The small child of Kuluse is dying without milk, but then Arthur Jarvis' son steps in and talks to his grandfather uJarvis, thus leading to the bringing of milk for all of the children in need of it (specific example of the suffering in Ndotsheni)

Explain the context of the statement, "Nothing is ever quiet except for fools."

The statement "Nothing is ever quiet except for fools" means that people who are quiet like to ignore the bad things of this world. They do not speak up for what is wrong and they try to avoid bad things to avoid feeling guilty.

Explain what this statement means, "As long as there is life, there is hope for amendment of life."

The statement means even where there is little hope, it is still something and can make a difference.

Tomlinson

The third colleague of Dubula and John Kumalo. While not a great orator, Tomlinson is considered the smartest of the three.

Johannes Pafuri

The third young man present at the attempted robbery of Arthur Jarvis's house. According to Absalom's testimony, Pafuri is the ringleader of the group, deciding the time of the robbery & having his weapon "blessed" to give them good luck.

Johannes Pafuri

The third young man present at the attempted robbery of Arthur Jarvis's house. According to Absalom's testimony, Pafuri is the ringleader of the group, deciding the time of the robbery and having his weapon "blessed" to give them good luck.

Mrs. Lithebe

The woman with whom Kumalo stays in Johannesburg. Mrs. Lithebe is an Msutu woman who lives in Sophiatown and takes in boarders, especially priests. She is a good and generous Christian who believes that helping others is simply her duty and often corrects Gertrude in her inappropriate laughter; she is an elderly woman who offers Stephen Kumalo room and board in Johannesburg while he rescues his sister and searches for his son. When Kumalo brings Gertrude back to her house, she frequently argues with Gertrude over the young woman's irresponsible ways and carefree manner, but she rejoices when Gertrude suggests that she may become a nun.

Tone

The writer's attitude toward what is being said. Most religious texts will have an objective tone: they will mostly leave the opinion and feelings out of the conversation. Look for any subjective tones: times where an author's opinions are clear

At the reformatory, a young white man tells Msimangu and Kumalo that Absalom was a model student, but that he was discharged a month earlier because of his age, good behavior, and the frequent visits from his pregnant girlfriend. Despite Kumalo's worry that the young man will be unsympathetic to a black man who speaks no Afrikaans, the young man is quite helpful. He promises to take Msimangu and Kumalo to Absalom's new home in Pimville, where, the young man says, Absalom is saving money and preparing to marry his girlfriend.

The young man, Msimangu, and Kumalo go to Absalom's house in Pimville, where Absalom's girlfriend, still a child herself, tells them that Absalom left the house a few days earlier and has not yet returned. Kumalo asks her what she will do, but before she can respond, Msimangu speaks harshly to the girl and tells Kumalo that her problem is one that Kumalo cannot solve. When Kumalo protests that she carries his grandchild, Msimangu scoffs at the idea and wonders out loud how many other children Absalom may have. After informing them that Absalom has been absent from work for many days, the young man leaves them at the gates of Orlando, where Msimangu apologizes to Kumalo for his unkind words. Kumalo forgives him and asks Msimangu to take him back to the girl.

Mrs. Ndlela, whom Msimangu and Kumalo visited earlier in their search for Absalom, tells Msimangu that the police have visited her looking for Absalom and that she referred them to Mrs. Mkize. Before Msimangu can slip out on his own to investigate, however, he runs into Kumalo. He allows Kumalo to come along. The two retrace their search, going first to Mrs. Mkize, then to Shanty Town, and then to the reformatory school, where the young man's assistant tells them that the young man seems troubled.

Their last stop is Alexandra, where Absalom's girlfriend tells them that the police have visited her but that she does not know why, and a local woman says that the police seemed frustrated. Everyone agrees that the situation looks serious. Kumalo spends more of his precious savings on a taxi, and the two men begin a somber trip to Ezenzeleni.

Why is nothing between blacks and whites resolved in Johannesburg?

There are too many opinions.

The Jarvises bid their farewell to the Harrisons, who agree with the sentencing and wish the other two men had been convicted as well. Jarvis agrees. At the station, Jarvis slips John Harrison an envelope containing a check for a thousand pounds for the boys' club that John and Arthur founded.

There is a farewell gathering for Kumalo at Mrs. Lithebe's house. Msimangu tells Kumalo that he has decided to renounce all of his possessions and become a monk. He gives Kumalo his savings, over thirty-three pounds—more money than Kumalo has ever possessed. Kumalo falls to his knees in amazement and decides to send John a letter to apologize for his actions. The following morning, he wakes Absalom's wife for the journey to Ndotsheni. In Gertrude's room, however, he finds her son and her clothes neatly laid out, but Gertrude is gone.

Why don't black mine workers bring their families to Johannesburg? (A) Their families prefer to stay in the rural villages (B) The mine workers prefer to live alone (C) There is no housing for the families (D) Johannesburg is too dangerous for wives and children

There is no housing for the families

Conclusion

Therefore In conclusion Finally

QUOTE And now for all the people of Africa, the beloved country. Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika, God save Africa. But he would not see that salvation. It lay afar off, because men were afraid of it. Because, to tell the truth, they were afraid of him, and his wife, and Msimangu, and the young demonstrator. And what was there evil in their desires, in their hunger? That man should walk upright in the land where they were born, and be free to use the fruits of the earth, what was there evil in it? . . . They were afraid because they were so few. And such fear could not be cast out, but by love.

These thoughts are part of the novel's conclusion, as Kumalo keeps his vigil on the mountain while Absalom hangs. Kumalo prays for Africa, even though he knows it will be a long time before his prayers are answered. He understands that fear is the root of injustice: white men fear black men because there are so few whites and so many blacks. They worry that if the basic needs of the black population are met, then there will be little left for them. Kumalo observes, however, that there is nothing evil in him or his desires, or in his people's desire for a better life. They want simply their due as humans (to "walk upright" and "use the fruits of the earth"). They are not motivated by hatred and revenge, but by a simple desire for dignity. Kumalo's rumination ends with a somewhat troubling paradox: for whites to stop being afraid, they must begin to understand and then love; in order to understand and then love, however, they must stop being afraid. It thus seems impossible for whites and blacks to exist as equals.

QUOTE The truth is that our civilization is not Christian; it is a tragic compound of great ideal and fearful practice, of high assurance and desperate anxiety, of loving charity and fearful clutching of possessions. Allow me a minute. . . .

These words are written by Arthur Jarvis and read by his father in Chapter 21. Arthur contrasts a Christianity that supports the notion of black people as inferior with a true Christianity that rejects white superiority. Some Christians, Arthur says, argue that it is God's will that black South Africans remain unskilled workers. Trying to educate them would be an un-Christian action, and therefore wrong. Arthur argues, however, that every human being has the right to develop his or her God-given gifts. Because South Africa ignores this principle, Arthur argues, it is not a truly Christian state.

What is ironic about the names of the streets in Claremont?

They are all names of beautiful flowers, but the place is anything but beautiful.

Why are Reverends Kumalo and Msimangu asked not to use the busses going to Johnannesburg? (CHAPTER 8)

They are asked not to use the busses because of a boycott. The boycott occurred because of the rise in bus prices. The black people hope that with their boycott the bus prices will go back down to their original fare(p.74)

After umfundisi tells about Ixopo, its beauty and its current situation, what comparison do the pastors make between Ixopo and Johannesburg?

They are both broken.

What are the white hills?

They are mines.

What does the information Msimangu get from Mrs. Mkize seem to imply about Absalom and his cousin?

They are thieves

Why did the ancient Egyptians place such a high importance on burials?

They believed in life after death.

What happened to the young girl from Pimville's first two husbands? (CHAPTER 16)

They left her and she is very passive which is a reminder of what it means to be mute

What are some reasons that girls should be education along side of boys, according to Wollstonecraft?

They must be free to make their own conclusions Both men and women need to be educated with reason for society to flourish Decorum lessons would be unnecessary Women need education to learn what is tasteful and good art

Ch. 12 A speaker notes that no one can enjoy the beauty of South Africa amid so much violence. He adds that throughout the nation, thousands of voices cry out what must be done. He argues that there should be more police, and another speaker argues that if black Africans had more rights, there would be less crime. Some advocate that more schools be built in the black districts, where fewer than half the children go to school, but others say that schooling blacks only produces criminals who are more clever.

They pass laws, which require native South Africans to carry permits in white areas, but his friend counters that these laws can't be enforced and imprison innocent people. Some argue for greater segregation, others for greater education and opportunities. The white population lives barricaded behind their fear.

In addition to speaking of the sickness of the land, the broken tribe and the broken house, what else does the priest talk about? (CHAPTER 5)

They talk about the crime in Johannesburg and how the crime is coming from younger people and also the fear of black crime

What is the source of the controversy about the pyramids?

They were made by slaves.

Which change that Napolean wants to make will ask people to change their cultural traditions?

They will need to stop hoarding cows to use as a sign of wealth

Explain this sentence's context, "Out of a cloudless sky these things come."

Things come out of nowhere and that sometimes good things can come out of bad things

Analyze this African proverb: "Ears that do not listen to advice accompany the head when it is chopped off."

This African proverb means that when someone doesn't take into consideration another person's advice, they will get in trouble or suffer a consequence.

MOTIF Descriptions of Nature The novel's descriptions of the beauty of Natal highlight the contrast between the various ways of life in South Africa. The hills and rivers of white farmland are always depicted as being fruitful and lovely, but the land of the black farmers is always shown as barren, dry, and hostile.

This contrast between the natural beauty of South Africa and the ugliness brought on by its politics shows the necessity of change. It also, however, offers some hope. The land may be ravaged, but it is clearly not naturally infertile. With the right nurturing and protection, the potential for real beauty seems endless.

What is Original Sin?

This is the term for the doctrinal idea that because Adam and Eve sinned, all of mankind are both born into a world tainted by sin and are themselves sinful in nature and separated from God at birth.

QUOTE This is no time to talk of hedges and fields, or the beauties of any country. . . . Cry for the broken tribe, for the law and the custom that is gone. Aye, and cry aloud for the man who is dead, for the woman and children bereaved. Cry, the beloved country, these things are not yet at an end.

This quotation, from Chapter 11, stands in contrast to the novel's early tendency to dwell on the lush South African landscape and urges sorrow instead. By breaking out of this pattern and addressing us with such urgency, the narrator reflects how grave and ingrained South Africa's problems are. The quotation's ominous last line is a note of prophetic foreshadowing of Absalom's death, and though it certainly reflects the pessimism Kumalo and his brethren may feel, it also informs us that this episode is one of many blows that South Africa has yet to endure.

List three important things the letter from Jarvis brings.

Three important things in the letter from Jarvis include the plans of rebuilding the church, rebuilding the church in their sons honor, and Jarvis' wife knowing of the things that were being done.

Circumstances of Arthur Jarvis' death

Three natives broke into his house while his family was away to steal and he came downstairs to see what the ruckus was and he was shot by one of them.

Anatomy and Medicine

To avoid errors with their families and their own health and be able to contribute to the progress of human understanding

Paton felt that because men have gone to work in the cities and mines and families are broken apart, the country suffered from the breakdown of the ______.

Tribe

This effort to study new words is a great advancement toward the improvement of neologism.

True

19th Century

Truth is known by sensory experience. A map showing the hills and valleys only gives an impression of a mountain rage, but truly knowing it would require visiting and experiencing it.

20th Century

Truth is known through science, data, and numbers. A mountain range can be truly known with a good map and model. The sensory experience does not allow you to know more than you already knew.

Explain what umfundisi's friend is referring to when he says, "It is known here... It is known."

Umfundisi's friend is saying that people are aware of what is happening, even though it isn't being talked about.

Arthur Jarvis' son

Visits Kumalo and is unaware of the true confitions the natives live in: first surprised there is no refrigerator and then surprised that there is no milk -Talks to his grandfather: sends milk for the children -He acts on what he discovers; be able to compare the end of this chapter with the passage on p. 208 where Arthur hopes for his children- his hopes are already fulfilled -The small, bright boy learns Zulu- continues to follow his father's example -Visits Kumalo to tell him goodbye before he returns to Johannesburg -Kumalo tells James Jarvis that he sees something bright in the son just like he saw in Arthur -Sees a need and works to fix it -Treats Kumalo with respect -Learns Zulu

In African history, what major event seemed to help to end apartheid in Africa?

WWII

Kumalo's bishop

Wants Kumalo to leave Ndotsheni because Jarvis is his neighbor, everyone knows about Gertrude and Absalom, and it will be difficult to rebuild his church then the letter from Jarvis arrives.

Why are we told that Rev. Kumalo is "light-hearted and gay like a boy" upon returning to Mrs. Lithebe's house? (CHAPTER 6)

We are told Rev. Kumalo is "light hearted and gay like a boy" because Gertrude agrees to come stay with Mrs. Lithebe and then return home with him

What clues do we have that Gertrude has been lacking as a mother? (CHAPTER 6)

We know Gertrude has been lacking as a mother because she refers to her child as "it" and does not know his whereabouts

In African history, which part of Africa was most impacted by the slave trade?

Western

Main Idea

What the text is mostly about, can be written in one sentence.

Ch. 30 The trains carry Kumalo, Absalom's wife, and Gertrude's son back to Ndotsheni. They are greeted warmly, and Kumalo's wife refers to the young girl as her daughter. As they walk to Kumalo's home, they encounter people from the village who tell Kumalo how happy they are to have their umfundisi back. They confess that they are worried about the drought that is starving their crops. A friend tells Kumalo that the Jarvises have returned and that the villagers are aware of what Absalom has done.

When Kumalo arrives at his church, he finds a gathering of followers already assembled, and he leads them in a prayer. He asks for rain, for the welcome of Absalom's wife and Gertrude's son, and for forgiveness for Gertrude and Absalom. After the service, he speaks with his friend from the railroad station. Kumalo tells his friend all about Gertrude and Absalom. He says that since the news will soon be known, his friend should spread the word. Kumalo worries that he is too disgraced to lead his congregation, but his friend assures him otherwise. When his friend asks about Sibeko's daughter, Kumalo tells his friend that the girl is lost. Kumalo comes home in time to wish Absalom's wife goodnight, then sits up with his wife discussing Msimangu's gift and other, sadder matters.

James Jarvis protagonist

a white landowner whose farm overlooks Ndotsheni. When he first appears in the novel, Jarvis is a relatively conservative farmer and a man of few words the tragic news that his only son, Arthur, has been murdered leads him to Johannesburg, where he begins to rethink his opinions and his relationship to the villagers that live below his farm.

In Cry the Beloved Country, what gift do the people of umfundisi's church send James Jarvis?

a wreath

What gift do the people of St. Mark's Church give in honor of the dead?

a wreath

Wisdom

ability to think and act using knowledge, experience, understanding, common sense and insight

protean

able to change shape; displaying great variety

farcical

absurd; ridiculously clumsy

luxuriant

abundant in growth, very fertile

concomitant

accompanying in a subordinate fashion

lethargic

acting in an indifferent or slow, sluggish manner

Which word best describes umfundisi's state when he sees Jarvis?

addled

consanguineous

adj. Descended from the same parent or ancestor.

rapacious

aggressively greedy or grasping

What are the conditions on Jarvis' gift?

all of the answers

What do white people realize when they think of every black man and black woman refusing to work?

all of the answers

What indications are there that Absalom is doing well and is rehabilitated?

all of the answers

Why was Absalom released?

all of the answers listed

What are the conditions on Jarvis' gift?

all the answers

Which is the best analysis of this proverb? "A stick which is far away cannot kill a snake" (Uganda).

always be prepared

In African culture, which is the best explanation of extended non-family networks?

an attempt to create family structures with unrelated people

proliferation

an increase in number, multiplication

What weapon does Johannes carry when the boys try to rob Arthur Jarvis? (A) A gun (B) A knife (C) An iron rod (D) A wooden stick

an iron rod

conjecture

an opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information

How old is the girl?

approximately 16

Where are Absalom and Kumalo finally reunited? (A) At the Mission House (B) At the prison (C) In the courtroom (D) In Shanty Town

at the prison

Which statement sums up the admonition the narrator gives about the land?

be careful - if you take care of the land it will take care of you

Why does the policeman think that Jarvis won't pass the bloodstain anymore?

because he can't take it anymore

Why does the boy want to go inside umfundisi's house?

because he had never been inside a native's house

Why doesn't Sibeko ask the umfundisi for the favor himself?

because he is not part of the umfundisi's church

Why does Absalom plead "not guilty" in his case even though he admits to killing Arthur Jarvis?

because he will admit to killing but not murder

Why does umfundisi hesitate to send his condolences?

because is unsure if his son indirectly caused the death

Why did Arthur Jarvis ultimately devote himself to the cause of the natives?

because it was right

Why did Absalom have to leave Mrs. and Mrs. Ndlela's house?

because of his friends

Why does Father Vincent say sorrow is better than fear?

because something can be done about sorrow, but not fear

Why do the young people leave?

because the land is not productive anymore

Why are the people resistant to Letsitsi's ideas?

because they must give up some of their things

Why does the clerk not silence the court after Absalom's sentencing?

because you cannot silence a broken heart

According to Cicero, what is the best way to keep power and possessions?

being well-liked

Which word best describes the tone of this letter?

benevolent

effervescent

bubbly, lively

fervid

burning with enthusiasm or zeal; extremely heated

Which word best describes Arthur Jarvis?

charitable

Which of the following choices would be a good title in an outline covering the first page / introduction?

christ as our example

What indication is there that the drought might end soon?

clouds in the sky

banal

common, ordinary

The best place for fishing can be the _________ of several streams into one big river.

confluence

What were the first two dynasties of Egypt mostly concerned with?

conquest

Idolatry _________ the first commandment.

contravenes

Which virtues are the ones with the greatest effect of turning strangers into friends and building communities?

courage, generosity, justice

gamely

courageous

malefactor

criminal

censorious

critical

refute

disprove

What condition is threatening Mr. Jarvis' and other famers' land?

drought

efficacious

effective; producing the desired outcome

In Cry the Beloved Country, while umfundisi is on his way to Johannesburg, which word best describes him?

embarrassed

What seems to be John Kumalo's passion?

empowering the black people

Which word best describes the people's reaction to Kumalo's return?

excited

Which word best describes the people's reaction to umfundisi's return?

excited

After his __________ behavior toward his friends, Nathaniel felt very __________ and asked for forgiveness for his behavior.

execrable, contrite

Complete the analogy: reprobate : shame:: __________: reason

exorbitant

Which effect of the African slave trade would this example demonstrate? A boy calls his Mom's best friend "Aunt Mary" even though she is not really his aunt.

extended non-family networks

jingoism

extreme, chauvinistic patriotism, often favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy

fallacious

false; misleading

preeminent

famous; outstanding

In Cry the Beloved Country, what does the traffic in Johannesburg represent for the umfundisi?

fear

What word best describes Gertrude's initial reaction to her brother's arrival?

fear

contrite

feeling regret for having committed some wrongdoing

What does "pro deo" mean?

for God

What does "pro deo" mean?

for god

Why are umfundisi, the girl, and father Vincent at the jail?

for the marriage

major conflict · Stephen Kumalo struggles against the forces (white oppression, the corrupting influences of city life) that destroy his family and his country

foreshadowing · When Kumalo sees in the newspaper that a white man has been killed by native South Africans during a break-in, he has a premonition that Absalom is involved.

What are Matthew and Pafuri's sentences?

freedom

fecund

fruitful in offspring or vegetation; intellectually productive

Justice

function is to keep men from harming another unless he has been wronged and to make sure man use public property for public benefit and private property is kept private

magnanimous

generous in forgiving, above small meanness

What does the novel say is the basis of Johannesburg's wealth? (A) Gold (B) Copper (C) Oil (D) Silver

gold

verdure

greenery; fresh and ripe vegetation

accretion

growth in size or increase in amount

What is Absalom's verdict?

guilty of murder

What is Absalom's sentence?

hanging

felicity

happiness

noxious

harmful; poisonous; lethal

cursory

hasty, not thorough

pernicious

having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way

monochromatic

having only one color

malevolent

having or showing a wish to do evil to others

What happens when the police catch Absalom? (A) He makes a desperate effort to escape (B) He confesses everything (C) He attempts to harm himself (D) He writes to his father

he confesses everything

Which of the following statements summarizes Augustine's feeling toward himself in comparison with God?

he feels he is unworthy and needy

What does Msimangu do for umfundisi before they part?

he gives him money

Other than his politics, how does John Kumalo make his living? (A) He is a lawyer (B) He is a farmer (C) He is a carpenter (D) He is a teacher

he is a carpenter

What is the chief's role in building the dam? (A) He is the engineer (B) He is paying for it (C) He has no role (D) He is in charge of guarding the flags

he is in charge of guarding the flags

How does Absalom feel about the execution of his sentence?

he is terrified

What reason does the young white man from the reformatory school give for his poor behavior toward umfundisi?

he was disappointed

Why was Absalom at the reformatory? (A) He had gotten a girl pregnant (B) He had attempted to kill a man (C) He was in trouble for his political views (D) He was in trouble for stealing

he was in trouble for stealing

Why did Absalom's wife run away from her home? (A) She fought with her brothers (B) Her mother drank too much and she did not get along with her stepfather (C) She was pregnant (D) She wanted to work

her mother drank too much and she did not get along with her stepfather

What does Mrs. Seme long for?

her native land

When Paton tells us that Rev. Kumalo knows what blind man Rev. Msimangu is preaching to, who is it? (CHAPTER 13)

himself (Kumalo)

In Cry the Beloved Country, John Kumalo's unwillingness to return to the tribe and obey the chief best shows which personality flaw?

his arrogance

What emotion does umfundisi regret while speaking to the girl?

his desire to hurt the girl

For what does Msimangu ask forgiveness from umfundisi?

his rash bitterness

What does Kumalo know will happen at sunrise?

his son's execution

What does umfundisi know will happen at sunrise?

his son's execution

Which word best describes the people's feelings about judges?

honorable

What emotion do you think is most likely causing umfundisi to laugh?

hope

jocular

humorous, jesting, jolly, joking

remission

improvement or absence of signs of disease

Which word best describes Shanty Town?

improvised

Below are main idea points for an example outline. Using your outline, put them into the correct order.

introduction: our example Pauls purpose being imatators jesus as an example to imitate infrences Conclusion: self sacrificing life

Courage

is the choice and willingness to confront agony, pain, danger, uncertainty, or intimidation

In Cry the Beloved Country, why did the reformatory let Absalom go?

it seemed he had a promising life to get back to.

What reason does Pericles give for not wanting to give a funeral speech?

it was hard to avoid saying something that will displease the listeners.

In Cry the Beloved Country, despite all of the ills of Johannesburg, which group of authorities do the people still view as honorable?

judges

desultory

jumping from one thing to another; disconnected

Which of the following words might be considered a main idea for this passage?

justice

What does Kumalo visit the chief and the headmaster about?

keeping children in the tribe by teaching them better ways to farm

What does umfundisi visit the chief and the headmaster about?

keeping children in the tribe by teaching them better ways to farm

Absalom's girlfriend

kindhearted & quiet sixteen-year-old girl whom Absalom has impregnated. She ran away from her dysfunctional family but still seeks a family structure & bonds. She is sexually experienced but essentially innocent, obedient, & grateful for adult protection.

inarticulately

lacking the ability to express oneself, especially in clear and effective speech

What does the bishop instruct the Kumalo to do?

leave

What does the bishop instruct the umfundisi to do?

leave

What does Kumalo do when he goes to see his brother?

lies to him about a spy in his shop

What does umfundisi do when he goes to see his brother?

lies to him about a spy in his shop

In paragraph 35 (page 232), which persuasive strategy does Cicero use to support his argument?

logos, ethos

What is John Kumalo afraid of?

losing his possessions

What does Msimangu believe is the ultimate power?

love

Which word best describes the hills of Ixopo?

lush

In Cry the Beloved Country, which is the best comparison of the hills and valley of Ixopo?

lush vs. stripped

Who dies on confirmation day in Ndotsheni? (A) Absalom (B) Margaret Jarvis (C) The Bishop (D) Mrs. Kumalo

margaret Jarvis

officious

meddling; excessively forward in offering services or assuming authority

Which literary devices does Wollstonecraft use to paint a picture of a country afraid of change? (Read "but the fear of innovation, in this country, extends...)

metaphor

What item is the boy surprised that the Kumalo doesn't have?

milk

What item is the boy surprised that the umfundisi doesn't have?

milk

Temperance

moderation or voluntary self-restraint

In Cry the Beloved Country, for what crime is Absalom responsible?

murdering Arthur Jarvis

Upon what issue did Arthur and James Jarvis disagree?

natives

Complete the sentence with the two correct vocabulary words: In an effort to protect her __________ children from exposure to unpleasant and faith -defying material, Lee __________ the historical novel carefully.

neophyte, expurgated

In Cry the Beloved Country, what does umfundisi buy Gertrude and her son to symbolize their new start?

new clothing

neonate

newborn baby

What does the sunrise symbolize?

none of the answers

What sad news does the milk carrier bring?

none of the answers

Which outline point would you put the quotation from Augustine?

not equals with or greater than christ

In Cry the Beloved Country, what is Absalom's plea in the court?

not guilty

What are Matthew and Parfuri's verdicts?

not guilty

dissonant

not in harmony; disagreeing, at odds

What lesson does the umfundisi learn almost immediately in Johannesburg?

not to trust people

potentate

one who has the power and position to rule over others; monarch

Which of the following best describes the conditions that lead to the creation of Shanty Town?

overcrowding

What and who are we told to cry for at the end of chapter 11? (CHAPTER 11)

p. 104 "cry for the broken tribe..."

What news do the reverends receive from the Evening Star? (CHAPTER 11)

p.103 headlines

Which of the following literary devices does Paul use to communicate how the Christian life is lived?

paradox

What does umfundisi mean? (A) "White person" (B) "Sir" (C) "Parson" (D) "Judge

parson

At the end of page 67 ("Fashion then,") what rhetorical device does Moore use to communicate her thoughts about women's attitudes?

personification

List three important things the letter from Jarvis brings.

plans to rebuild the church, Jarvis wife knew of the things being done, and they want to rebuild the church in honor of their beloved son

narrator · The third-person narrator is omniscient, or all-knowing, and temporarily inhabits many different points of view.

point of view · Books I and III are largely told from Kumalo's point of view, while Book II is told largely from Jarvis's point of view. A number of chapters, however, feature a montage of voices from different layers of South African society, and the narrator also shows things from other characters' perspectives from time to time.

What items has Jarvis brought that the umfundisi cannot understand?

poles and flags

Which word best describes the Egyptian's religious system?

polytheistic

Which word best describes John Kumalo?

pompous

puissance

power, strength

impotent

powerless; lacking strength

Complete the analogy: remission: abatement :: predisposition : ___________

proclivity

We saw a tremendous __________ of weeds in our garden when we returned from our summer vacation.

proliferation

tone · Lyrical, grieving, elegiac, occasionally bitter tense · Past setting (time) · Mid-1940s, just after World War II setting (place) · Ndotsheni and Johannesburg, South Africa

protagonist · Stephen Kumalo; James Jarvis

Complete this analogy: concomitant : contemporary :: diversity : __________

protean

What are the people in Ixopo desperate for?

rain

What does umfundisi do on the train to avoid the questions about the boy, the girl, his sister, and his son?

reads his Bible

What does umfundisi do on the train to avoid the questions about the boy, the girl, his sister, and his son?

reads his bible

Which word best describes Absalom's reaction to his father's questions?

reluctance

In African history, which of the following would demonstrate one of the only positive effects of Imperialism in Africa?

road systems

Which word best describes umfundisi's first impression of Reverend Msimangu?

safe

Which adjective best describes Gertrude's occupation now?

scandalous

axiomatic

self-evident, expressing a universally accepted principle or rule

autonomous

self-governing; independent

In Cry the Beloved Country, what happens to James Jarvis' wife?

she dies

What happens to Gertrude at the end of the novel? (A) She becomes a nun (B) She returns to prostitution (C) She gets married (D) She disappears

she disappears

In Cry the Beloved Country, in what way is Gertrude "sick"?

she is living in sin.

Why is the girl no longer employed by the Smiths?

she was arrested

cavalier

showing an offhand or carefree disregard; arrogant

monolith

single stone of large size

phlegmatic

slow-moving, sluggish; unemotional

Who is Napoleon Letsitsi?

someone who will teach them to farm correctly

anodyne

something that calms or soothes pain

pontificate

speak in a pretentiously dignified or dogmatic way

Which word best describes the valley of Ixopo?

stripped

After recounting two teaching styles, Augustine critiques them and judges which one is best. What are his thoughts?

students learn best through curiosity, they should be excited and encouraged to learn hard things

In Cry the Beloved Country, what phrase is used whenever a native and a white person are kind to each other?

such a thing is not done lightly

What news does Mr. Carmichael send in his letter?

that Absalom will be hanged

What news does Umfundisi receive?

that his sister is ill

What detail does John Kumalo's hope for his son rest upon?

that no one can prove his son was there

verisimilitude

the appearance of being true or real

In Cry the Beloved Country, how is umfundisi taken advantage of almost immediately upon reaching Johannesburg?

the bus ticket incident

When analyzing an African proverb, it is sometimes necessary to know what, before it can be correctly analyzed?

the context

According to the BBC link, what is a "ka"?

the double of the earthly person

Of what is Kumalo embarrassed when Jarvis comes to visit?

the holes in his church's roof

Of what is umfundisi embarrassed?

the holes in his church's roof

Justice

the maintenance or administration of what is just especially by the impartial adjustment of conflicting claims or the assignment of merited rewards or punishments

Who does Msimangu blame for the brokenness of the black people?

the mines

What is the topic of John's speech, to which Kumalo and Jarvis listen? (A) The need for a violent uprising against the whites (B) The need for new schools for the children (C) The rights of black South Africans to vote (D) The need for higher wages for black miners

the need for higher wages for black miners

quintessence

the purest essence or form of something; the most typical example

What happens in the church in Ndotsheni during the confirmation? (A) Part of the roof falls in (B) The roof leaks rain (C) A little girl runs out crying (D) Arthur's son runs in screaming

the roof leaks rain

What in particular does umfundisi feel passionate for when he returns home?

the schools

What modern convenience surprises umfundisi at the beginning of chapter 5?

the sink

nihilism

the total rejection of religious or moral beliefs

Which image of Johannesburg best represents the Umfundisi's fear of the big city?

the traffic

Which Chinese proverb is most similar to the American one "The early bird gets the worm?"

the winning foot is the first o climb

What was the money in the coffee can that he will use for the trip to Johannesburg supposed to be used for?

their son's schooling

Why are the village children dying? (A) They lack milk (B) They lack bread (C) They lack medicine (D) They lack juice

they lack milk

What does the first line of the speech indicated about women's status in Byzantine society during the 500's AD?

they were not generally permitted to speak with authority to men

In African history, how does Egypt seem to contradict evolutionary belief?

this early civilization had writing, math, and science

What distracts umfundisi from his daydreams and descriptions of their native land?

thoughts of his son

hermetic

tightly sealed

Cry, the Beloved Country author · Alan Paton type of work · Novel genre · Father's quest for his son; courtroom drama; social criticism

time and place written · Various parts of Europe and the United States, in 1946 date of first publication · 1948

indefatigable

tireless

revile

to attack with words, call bad names

Why does Kumalo go up into the mountain? (A) To ponder how to help Ndotsheni (B) To await Absalom's execution (C) To meet Jarvis (D) To exercise

to await Absalom's execution

What favor does Sibeko ask of the umfundisi?

to check on his daughter

Which sentence best describes the author's main purpose for Book 2?

to contrast tyrants and good rulers

reproach

to find fault with, blame

Why did Gertrude go to Johannesburg?

to find her husband

glower

to glare or stare angrily and intensely

facilitate

to make easier; to assist

mitigate

to make milder or softer, to moderate in force or intensity

Why is Mrs. Seme called to a "committee meeting"?

to pay a bribe

Why does the boy on the horse come back to visit Kumalo?

to practice his Zulu

Why does the boy on the horse come back to visit umfundisi?

to practice his Zulu

Why does the boy on the horse come back to visit umfundisi?

to practice his zulu

In Cry the Beloved Country, why does the boy continue to visit the umfundisi?

to practice speaking Zulu

Why does Kumalo go to the mountain?

to pray

Why does umfundisi go to the mountain?

to pray

What is the main idea of this passage?

to pursuade that the soldiers death was worth the pain and loss

abjure

to renounce, repudiate under oath; to avoid, shun

Why does umfundisi go to see the girl?

to see if she still wants to marry his son

redress

to set right, remedy; relief from wrong or injury

What sound advice does Father Vincent give umfundisi?

to slowly rebuild a relationship with Absalom

In the first paragraph of section 2 ("It is far from being the object...), what does Moore state as her main purpose for writing?

to suggest how to current system is flawed and could be improved

Why does the police captain come to see Mr. Jarvis?

to tell him about his son's murder

Why does umfundisi go to see his brother John?

to tell him that power corrupts, and love is greater than force

diaphonous

transparent, gauzy

guile

treacherous cunning, deceit

Which word is defined as "a group of people who share a common language, customs, and history"?

tribe

Which of the following is NOT associated with the ancient Egyptians?

tributaries

A monogamous marriage is one of God's pictures of faithful, devoted, safe marriage.

true

A summer sunset is rarely monochromatic.

true

hackneyed

used so often as to lack freshness or originality

We enjoyed the view of __________fields and abundant growth as we landed at the Ohio airport.

verdant

The pasture is __________ and bursting with growth.

verdure

execrable

very, very bad

opulent

wealthy, luxurious; ample; grandiose

Which modern American proverb would Aristotle most closely agree with, based on quote 1?

well-begun is half done

What kindness puts a broad smile on umfundisi's face?

white men giving rides to the black workers refusing to ride the bus

aphasic

without speech

cosmopolitan

worldly; sophisticated

In Cry the Beloved Country, what does Msimangu chide umfundisi for, calling it "sin in his life"?

worry

What does Msimangu call sin in the umfundisi's life?

worry

Would it be possible for you to be consanguineous with a neonate?

yes

In Cry the Beloved Country, what is the first gift that Jarvis gives umfundisi for the town?

a supply of milk

theocracy

a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.

In Cry the Beloved Country, which do you think is the most logical reason for Jarvis helping umfundisi?

a way to honor his dead son's work

Who gives Msimangu and Kumalo a ride to Alexandra? (A) A white driver (B) A black driver (C) The police (D) John Kumalo

a white driver

As James Jarvis sits in his son's house realizing how little he knew of him, he notices four paintings on the wall. Consider what relevance each of these paintings had to Arthur Jarvis' life.

All four paintings on James' son's wall resemble different things about Arthur. Abraham Lincoln was his role model and make great changes for the future. Leafless willows by a wintery field and river can represent new seasons, or new beginnings. The house of Vergelegen represents what people want but cannot accomplish, just like how the blacks want freedom. Lastly, Christ crucified can represent how the black people had to suffer.

Chapter 27 Mrs. Lithebe again reprimands Gertrude for talking and laughing carelessly. Gertrude is defensive and upset, and Mrs. Lithebe tells Gertrude that she does not understand the ways of decent people. Gertrude faults Johannesburg for her corruption and says she will be glad to be gone. Meanwhile, a neighbor brings a newspaper that announces that another white man has been murdered during a break-in by a native. The neighbor and Mrs. Lithebe worry that the news will hurt Absalom's case. Msimangu arrives, and he and Mrs. Lithebe decide to hide the paper from Kumalo. To prevent Kumalo from hearing the news, they eat dinner at Mrs. Lithebe's instead of at the mission.

Afterward, the group goes to church and listens to a woman describe her decision to become a nun. Later that night, Gertrude suggests to Mrs. Lithebe that she might become a nun. Mrs. Lithebe is pleased by the impulse, and says it warrants further thought. Gertrude asks Absalom's girlfriend if she will look after Gertrude's son if Gertrude becomes a nun, and the girl agrees. Gertrude makes Absalom's girlfriend promise to keep Gertrude's idea a secret until it is final, but Gertrude hopes out loud that this decision will keep her from her careless lifestyle.

What devastating news does umfundisi hear?

Absalom and his cousin are responsible for the murder.

Who fired the shot that killed Arthur Jarvis? Who else was involved in the incident? (CHAPTER 14)

Absalom and his two friends (one of them John kumalo's son)

In Cry the Beloved Country, what bothers umfundisi most about Absalom's response to the crime?

Absalom doesn't seem to regret his choices.

What news do the men find out in Pimville?

Absalom is gone and has missed work.

What has Rev. Kumalo already begun to fear? (CHAPTER 13)

Absalom is in danger

while sitting in the place of ashes, what does Rev. Kumalo finally admit to himself? (CHAPTER 13)

Absalom possibly killed someone.

What are Arthur's last recorded words?

Allow me a minute

Chapter 5 Msimangu informs Kumalo that he has found a room for him with Mrs. Lithebe, a local churchgoer. Kumalo uses a modern toilet for the first time—in his village, he had heard of these devices, but he had never used one. The two men dine with the other priests, a group that includes both blacks and whites, at the mission. Kumalo speaks sadly and lovingly about his village, and about how both Ixopo and its neighboring villages are falling into ruin. One white rosy-cheeked priest wishes to hear more, but he excuses himself to attend to other affairs. The other priests, in turn, tell Kumalo that all is not well in Johannesburg—white people have become afraid because of a rise in crime. They show him a newspaper headline describing an attack on an elderly white couple. Whites aren't the only victims--they tell him how an African girl was robbed & almost raped

After dinner, Msimangu asks Kumalo about Gertrude. Kumalo replies that his sister came to Johannesburg with her child to find her husband. Msimangu regretfully informs him that she now has many husbands—she sells cheap liquor & prostitutes herself in the worst area of Johannesburg. There have been crimes committed at her home, & she has been in prison. Msimangu also tells a distraught Kumalo that Gertrude's son lives with her, but that her home is no place for a child. Msimangu has heard nothing about Absalom but promises to ask about him. As the sorrowful Kumalo goes to pray, he asks about his brother, and Msimangu informs him that John Kumalo is now a great politician but has little use for the church.

Ch. 19 Mr. Jarvis and his wife fly to Johannesburg and are greeted by John Harrison, the brother of their son's wife, Mary. They travel to the house of John and Mary's parents, where they meet Mary, her mother, and her father, Mr. Harrison. Jarvis, his wife, and Mary get into the car with John to go the mortuary. On the way there, John tells Jarvis that Arthur was an advocate for the rights of the country's natives, an issue on which Mr. Harrison and Arthur did not see eye-to-eye.

After seeing Arthur's body, the family returns to the Harrisons', where Jarvis joins Mr. Harrison for a drink. Mr. Harrison tells him that condolence messages have poured in from every part of the community, including from the prime minister and mayor. He tells Jarvis that Arthur could speak Afrikaans and Zulu, that he was interested in learning Sesuto (a native language like Zulu), and that some wanted him to run for parliament. Arthur protested the housing conditions of the mines' workers, ignoring warnings that he was jeopardizing his job as an engineer and maintaining that the truth was more important than money. Mr. Harrison calls Arthur a real crusader in his efforts for others, then reveals that all of white Johannesburg is scared stiff by the attacks. Though neither he nor Mr. Harrison share Arthur's politics, Jarvis is moved by these stories about the respect his son inspired and about his son's courage.

Christianity is also, however, associated with injustice. John Kumalo reminds his brother that black priests are paid less than white ones, and argues that the church works against social change by reconciling its members to their suffering. He paints an infuriating picture of a bishop who condemns injustice while living in the luxury that such injustice provides. At the same time as he calls the policies of the mines un-Christian, Arthur Jarvis states that these policies have long been justified through faulty Christian reasoning. Arthur Jarvis mentions that some people argue that God meant for blacks to be unskilled laborers and that it is thus wrong to provide opportunities for improvement and education. The novel frequently explores the idea that in the wrong hands, Christianity can put a needy population to sleep or lend legitimacy to oppressive ideas.

At the same time as he calls the policies of the mines un-Christian, Arthur Jarvis states that these policies have long been justified through faulty Christian reasoning. Arthur Jarvis mentions that some people argue that God meant for blacks to be unskilled laborers and that it is thus wrong to provide opportunities for improvement and education. The novel frequently explores the idea that in the wrong hands, Christianity can put a needy population to sleep or lend legitimacy to oppressive ideas.

What evidence does Augustine use to argue for Original Sin?

Augustine "recalls" his infancy by relating stories he has been told about himself and observances of other infants. He asserts that even though he does not remember willfully being sinful, he has observed that babies do exhibit sinful qualities, such as being angry when they do not get what they want or being jealous of another baby. He alludes to Psalm 51:5 "Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity, and in sin did my mother conceive me."

Which of the following might be an appropriate example critique of Confessions?

Augustine's discusses many topics quickly, such as his schooling, works he studied, and a court room, which makes understanding his ideas difficult.

Several times throughout the story, both Jarvis and Kumalo refer to the "brightness" that they both see in Arthur and his son. Matthew chapter five, verses fourteen and sixteen says, "You are the light of the world. A city on a hill cannot be hidden. . . .In the same way, let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good deeds and praise your father in heaven." How do Arthur and his son live Matthew 5:14, 16?

Both Arthur Jarvis and his son do things for the natives without and means or want of praise. They simply do these deeds because they feel like they are the right things to do. Arthur wrote all about how the natives are misunderstood and it may be the whites fault that all of the crime with the blacks is occurring. He also financially supported the African's Boy Club and was overall a man that really wanted to see change so he tried to make his own personal imprint on the world. His son followed his footsteps and showed his light to the word by bringing change with the milk. He was at Kumalo's one day and figures out that Ndosheni has no refrigerators and no milk. He also discovers that a lot of the children are dying because they do not have the proper nutrition found in milk. He decides to talk to his grandfather and ends up getting milk from his grandfather's farm for the children. He saw something that needed help and he did everything in his power to achieve that goal. Arthur and his son live Matthew 5: 14 and 16 because they constantly did good deeds for people that they really did not even know and did not hide their talents. They shined bright for all to see because of all of the amazing things that they did for the African race.

Which of the following were changes that Paton helped make at the boys' reformatory school?

Boys were allowed to use the bathroom at night Boys were allowed to live in off campus housing if they proved trustworthy Boy were given a trade education

Interactions Kumalo has with his brother, Jarvis, and Gertrude

Brother: Tells his brother that he will be a better father to his son: is susceptible to fear when Kumalo implies there are spies in his shop, kicks Kumalo out: a break between brothers. Jarvis:*-Displays compassion to Kumalo at the house in the springs but he does not physically help him; he does not translate the cruel remarks of his niece regarding Sibeko's daughter (see especially p. 211-212) Gertrude: The two are not very close and their interactions are normally Kumalo asking her why she made the choices that she did and what she is going to do now.

Dubula's commands ripple through the masses of the homeless. Building supplies are stolen from the plantations, train stations, and mines. Near Orlando's railroad tracks, an entire city goes up overnight, made of poles, sacks, and the long grasses of the South African plains. The only cost is a shilling a week to Dubula's committee. It is crowded and wet in Shanty Town. In the middle of the night, a child burns with fever and dies before a doctor can reach her. Newspapermen come and take pictures, and the state springs into action. New homes are built for the Shanty Town masses, just as Dubula said they would be.

But a new tide of people rushes to set up makeshift homes, and this time the state reacts with anger. The police drive these people back to where they came from. A few remain, watching the new houses that the government is building and waiting for their turn to move in.

Why does Father Vincent say sorrow is better than fear? (CHAPTER 15)

But sorrow is better than fear. For fear impoverishes always, while sorrow may enrich... Fear is a journey, a terrible journey, but sorrow is at least an arriving" (140). Fear is overwhelming and can't move on, sadness there is hope to move on

How does Augustine see his original sin through his boyhood school experience?

By disobeying his teachers, then praying not to be punished. He did not delight in the capacity to learn God gave him, wanting instead to play. He studied less than was expected of him and hated the lessons he was given.

Mrs. Lithebe

The woman with whom Kumalo stays in Johannesburg. Mrs. Lithebe is an Msutu woman who lives in Sophiatown & takes in boarders, especially priests. She is a good & generous Christian who believes that helping others is simply her duty.

How far should you go to help a friend?

Cicero argues that while helping a friend is good, helping the State is even better. If you are called to testify in court against your friend, your moral duty is to tell the truth. He illustrates both of these ideas in the story of the two friends who faced death.

Based on paragraph 18, predict what you think Book 3 will be about.

Cicero talks about people who measure everything by rewards and profits and do not think acting morally is more important than a reward. He asserts that problems arise when the moral implication of a decision is unclear. This section will be about morally ambiguous scenarios - situations where, according to Cicero, an initial "right" choice might not be obvious due to the details of a situation. Use the boxes below to investigate each scenario from Cicero.

What would you do with a superpower?

Cicero uses the illustration of Gyges, a man with an invisible ring, to teach his son that a good man will use power well and for the benefit of others.

Cry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton

Cry, The Beloved Country As a Social Record: - Sir Ernest Oppenheim - Boycotts of buses - Shanty Town - Finding of gold - Mining strike - Reform school Themes / Issues Decay of tribal culture Flight of people to overcrowded urban centers Cry against injustice / yearning for justice Land itself is a character Apartheid: separation between races and where they touch Biblical Themes and Influences Parable of the prodigal son Story of Absalom Absence and presence of God Role of faith Symbolism of character names: Absalom, Steven, John, and Arthur (not biblical) Structure of Novel Influenced by John Steinbeck's Grapes of Wrath Some chapters follow plot line with specific characters; others are generally about the social conditions Uses dashes instead of quotation marks

Absalom Kumalo

Stephen Kumalo's son. After fleeing home for Johannesburg, Absalom quickly goes astray, but even after he commits murder, he is able to reclaim his fundamental decency. His decision to move to Johannesburg is part of a larger trend of young black people fleeing their villages for the cities. Absalom's story is a cautionary tale of the dangers of this movement. Seeming to lack a reliable moral compass, he is influenced by bad companions and begins a criminal career.

Chapter 36 Kumalo has a place he goes to contemplate the weightier things in life, and on the night before Absalom is to die, he travels to this mountaintop to keep vigil. On the way, he meets Jarvis, who informs him that plans for the new church will arrive shortly. Jarvis thanks Kumalo for the sympathy wreath. They speak of Arthur's son, then reminisce about Arthur himself. Jarvis asks where Kumalo is going, and when Kumalo replies, he says that he understands. Kumalo thanks Jarvis for all he has done for the village and tells Jarvis that he has been touched by God.

In his place of solitude, Kumalo goes over Absalom's letters from prison, in which Absalom assures him that if he could return to Ndotsheni, he would. Kumalo repents for his own sins and gives thanks for the many blessings he has received during his time of trouble. He wakes up and turns his mind to the suffering of others—the missing Gertrude, the people of Shanty Town, his own wife, and above all, Absalom. Kumalo reflects on the plight of Africa and on Msimangu's whispered fear that by the time the white man learns to love, the black man will have learned to hate. He sleeps and wakes up just before dawn, wondering what his son, who will be hanged when the sun rises, is doing at that moment. The light rises, and the narrator wonders when the light of emancipation will come to the forsaken land of South Africa.

Ch. 14 Gertrude's furniture, the final remnants of her past, are sold at a great profit, but Kumalo feels only fear when he sees Msimangu approach Mrs. Lithebe's house with the young man from the reformatory. The man tells him that his fears have been justified, that Absalom is in jail for the murder of Arthur Jarvis and that Absalom fired the shot. John's son was with Absalom during the crime, and Kumalo goes to break the news to his brother. Devastated by the news, John goes with Kumalo to the mission, where Father Vincent offers them help, and the young man from the reformatory leads them to the prison.

In the prison's visiting room, Kumalo and Absalom are finally reunited, but Absalom cannot look his father in the eye. He shifts and squirms and blames his condition on bad company and the devil, to Kumalo's disgust, and tears up when the young man reproaches him for rejecting the lessons of the reformatory. Absalom states that he shot Jarvis, but he explains that he fired only because he was afraid, and maintains that he still wants to marry his girlfriend.

Ch. 20 Jarvis sits in his son's house and looks at all his son's books and papers. He notices that his son seems to have particularly admired Abraham Lincoln. Jarvis finds a letter addressed to Arthur from a boys' club in the town of Claremont. He finds part of an article that his son was writing.

In this article, Arthur argues that it is unacceptable to keep black South Africans unskilled in order to provide labor for the mines, to break up African family life by housing only black workers but not their families, to deny black Africans educational opportunities, and to break the tribal system without creating a new moral order in its place. Absorbed in his son's ideas and interested in learning more, Jarvis takes a copy of Lincoln's Gettysburg address. He then walks into the hallway where his son was killed and out of the house.

Ch 29 Father Vincent, Kumalo, Gertrude, Msimangu, and Absalom's girlfriend go to the prison so that Absalom can be married. After the marriage, Absalom and his father have a final meeting. Absalom sends his remembrances to his mother and directs his father to his last savings and possessions, which will help with the upkeep of his son. Kumalo bitterly mentions that he finds it hard to forgive Matthew and Johannes for abandoning Absalom. The time comes for Absalom to be taken away, and he begins to weep because he is afraid of dying. Two guards have to pull Absalom from his father's knees when it is time for Kumalo to leave. Outside, Absalom's girlfriend joyfully greets Kumalo as her father, but he is too distracted to pay much attention to her.

Kumalo goes to say good-bye to his brother. After some tense pleasantries, John tells Kumalo that he intends to bring Matthew back to his shop once the trouble has passed. Kumalo asks John where his politics are taking him. John replies that Kumalo should not interfere with his politics since he does not interfere with Kumalo's religion. Kumalo warns John that his words may get him in trouble with the police, and when he sees fear in his brother's eyes, Kumalo presses further in order to hurt John. Kumalo lies and says that he has heard that a spy has come to John's shop and has been reporting on the secret conversations John conducts there. When John shakes his head at the thought of being betrayed by a friend, Kumalo angrily cries out that his son had two such friends. John drives him from the store, and Kumalo walks away, distressed that he has failed in his mission to warn John against the corrupting influence of power.

Ch. 17 Although Gertrude and Mrs. Lithebe get along, Mrs. Lithebe worries that Gertrude has a strange carelessness about her and is too friendly with strange men. Still, Mrs. Lithebe admires and respects Kumalo, and she agrees to let Absalom's girlfriend move in. Kumalo, ecstatic with Mrs. Lithebe's reply, plays with his nephew. Absalom's girlfriend moves in and behaves with appropriate modesty. One day, however, Mrs. Lithebe comes upon Gertrude and Absalom's girlfriend laughing in a way she does not like. She calls Absalom's girlfriend to her and tells her that she must not laugh in this way, and the girl immediately understands and agrees. Gertrude continues with her strange behavior, though she now leaves Absalom's girlfriend alone.

Kumalo goes to visit Absalom, who tells him that Absalom's friends are denying that they were in the house with Absalom. Absalom gradually comes to agree with his father that his companions are not true friends. Absalom is pleased, however, by the prospect of having a lawyer, and he promises Kumalo that he will tell the lawyer nothing but the truth. He is also happy with the arrangements Kumalo has made for Absalom's girlfriend. On his way out, Kumalo passes Absalom's lawyer, a dignified white man with the air of a "chief."

Stephen Kumalo protagonist

Kumalo is an elderly Zulu priest who has spent all of his life in the village of Ndotsheni. He is a quiet, humble, & gentle man with a strong moral sense & an abiding faith in God. He is not perfect; occasionally he gives in to the temptation to hurt others with harsh words or lies. The dignity & grace with which he accepts his suffering, along with his determination to help his people in spite of his limitations, make him the moral center of the novel.

Mrs. Kumalo

Stephen Kumalo's strong-minded, supportive, and loving wife. Mrs. Kumalo & her husband make household decisions as equals, & she bears hardship gracefully. When Kumalo is inclined to brood, she rouses him to action, & it is she who supplies the courage needed to read the bad news that the mail brings from Johannesburg.

Chapter 2 The Reverend Stephen Kumalo, a native Zulu, sits in his house writing when a young girl appears with a letter. It is from Johannesburg, but so many members of his family have been in the city for so long without word that it could be from any of them, & he cannot recognize the handwriting. Among others, Kumalo's brother, John, lives in Johannesburg, as does their sister Gertrude, who is 25 years younger than Kumalo & Kumalo's son, Absalom, who went to the city in search of Gertrude & has never returned.

Kumalo's wife gets the courage to open the letter & reads it aloud in faltering English. It is from a minister in Johannesburg named Theophilus Msimangu, who reports that Gertrude is ill & asks that Kumalo come to the Sophiatown section of Johannesburg. Kumalo's wife asks what Kumalo will do, & he reluctantly tells her to bring him the money they saved for Absalom's education at St. Chad's, the local school. Kumalo's resolve falters when he holds the money in his hand, but his wife comments that there is no longer any point in saving it—Absalom has gone to Johannesburg, & those who go there do not return. Kumalo reacts angrily to his wife's idea that their son will never come back, & although she protests, saying that Kumalo is hurting himself, he continues to deny her claim angrily. When he realizes that his words are wounding his wife, he calms down. They pool the St. Chad's money with the rest of their savings & give up the money they intended to spend on clothes & a new stove. Kumalo apologizes to his wife for his unkindness & heads off to his church to pray for guidance & forgiveness.

Mrs. Mkize

Landlady in Alexandra. She housed Absalom and Matthew for a time. She is fearful when approached by Stephen and Msimangu and tentative to admit her role in her tenants' immoral lives; said Absalom had been stealing and was in bad company

List three things about Letsitsi's plan.

Letsitsi's plan includes building a dam, collecting dung, and planting better crops and grass.

Compare and Contrast

Like many religions and philosophies, Cicero's idea is a passive idea- "do no harm." At first this idea seems similar to the Bible's. However, the Bible does not stop at simply not actively harming another; God wants us to love like He has loved. Therefore, he commands us to DO - to actively do good to and for others.

monogamy

Marriage to only one person at a time

Mr. Harrison

Mary Jarvis's father. Mr. Harrison has conservative political views & blames black South Africans for the country's problems. Though he disagrees with Arthur, he admires Arthur's courage.

Ch. 18 The narrator repeats the descriptions of the hills of Natal that open Book I: the valleys are lovely, and the grass is thick and green. Looking down upon it all is High Place, the residence of a white farmer named James Jarvis, the father of the slain Arthur Jarvis. Jarvis hopes that rain will soon fall on his dry fields. The hills of Ndotsheni below are dry and barren from over-farming, and no one knows how to solve the problem. Jarvis ponders all the possible solutions to the over-farming. If only the native people would learn how to farm, he thinks, and if only those who were educated stayed to help their people instead of running to the city. Of course, his own son, Arthur, decided to leave the farm and become an engineer in Johannesburg, but he doesn't begrudge Arthur his decision.

Standing on a ridge to look for rain clouds, Jarvis sees a police car approaching his home. He thinks that it must be one of the Afrikaner policemen—Afrikaners are white South Africans of Dutch descent largely considered by families of English descent to be of a lower class. Though he is of English descent, Jarvis believes that the local Afrikaners are a fine people. Two policemen, van Jaarsveld and Binnendyk, come to him with the shocking news that his son has been shot and killed. As Jarvis copes with the announcement, they offer to make arrangements to get him to Johannesburg as quickly as possible. He accepts their offer, and while one of the policemen calls to arrange for the flight, Jarvis breaks the bad news to his wife, who breaks down crying and screaming.

Ch.26 ohn Kumalo addresses a crowd with his powerful voice. His voice rolls out beautifully, like thunder, but his comrades Dubula and Tomlinson listen with scorn and envy, for it is a powerful voice not backed by their courage or intelligence. John argues that the wealth from the new gold that has been found in South Africa should be shared with the miners. The crowd roars with John as he declares that the miners deserve higher wages and better conditions. Some of the white policemen on guard say that John should be shot or imprisoned. The narrator notes that while some leaders want to go to prison as martyrs, John does not, since he knows that in prison there is no applause. Toward the end of his speech, he states that he and the crowd do not want to trouble the police.

Stephen Kumalo and Msimangu are among the listeners. Kumalo is impressed, but Msimangu is skeptical—he knows that John lacks courage, and wonders why God should have given this man a gift of such oratorical skill. Still, he is thankful that John lacks heart, because he believes that if John backed up his words with action, he could plunge the country into violence and bloodshed. They move forward to hear the next speaker, Tomlinson. Jarvis and John Harrison, who have also been at the meeting, leave for Harrison's club. Jarvis refuses to discuss what he has just seen, simply stating that he does not "care for that sort of thing."

John Kumalo

Stephen Kumalo's brother. Formerly a humble carpenter & a practicing Christian, John Kumalo becomes a successful businessman & one of the three most powerful black politicians in Johannesburg. He has a beautiful & powerful voice, which he uses to speak out for the rights of black South Africans, but his fear of punishment prevents him from pushing for actual radical change, and he is considered by many to be without courage.

Theophilus Msimangu

Stephen Kumalo's host & guide in Johannesburg. A tall, young minister at the Mission House in Sophiatown, Msimangu has an acute understanding of the problems that face South Africa. He helps Kumalo understand the people and places that they encounter, & is unfailingly sympathetic to Kumalo, making Kumalo's quest his top priority. He sometimes speaks unkindly, but he quickly repents. His eventual decision to enter a monastery is a final testament to the depth of his faith and generosity.

Gertrude Kumalo

Stephen Kumalo's sister & the original reason for his trip to Johannesburg. Gertrude, twenty-five years younger than Kumalo & living in Johannesburg, is easily influenced. When Kumalo reminds her of her Christian duties and obligations, she attempts to return to them, but she lacks real determination.

Chapter 4 The train to Johannesburg travels a full day & night, climbing through many hills & villages. The regions Kumalo passes through are unfamiliar to him, with foreign landscapes & signs written in Afrikaans, which he does not speak. The great mines of South Africa come into view, & Kumalo's fellow travelers, many of whom are miners, explain how the mines are painstakingly excavated. They point out the great pulley that hoists the broken rocks, & Kumalo is awestruck by the scale of it all. Overwhelmed by the modern surroundings, he keeps mistaking the passing landscape for Johannesburg, but his fellow passengers laugh & tell him of buildings in Johannesburg so tall they can barely describe them.

The train arrives in Johannesburg, where Kumalo moves gingerly through the crowds that swarm throughout the station. Outside the station, the rush of traffic terrifies Kumalo & he stands petrified on the sidewalk, unable to decipher the traffic lights. Speaking in a language Kumalo does not understand, a young man appears & offers to help Kumalo find his way to Sophiatown. The young man leads Kumalo to the bus station where he tells Kumalo to wait in line for the buses while he buys him a ticket. Eager to show his trust, Kumalo gives the young man a pound from his precious savings. He suspects that something is wrong as soon as the young man turns the corner. An elderly man takes pity on the helpless Kumalo & informs him that his money has been stolen. When it turns out that they are both headed for Sophiatown, the elderly man invites Kumalo to travel with him. He guides Kumalo safely to Msimangu's Mission House, where the young Reverend Msimangu opens the door & introduces Kumalo's companion as Mr. Mafolo. Mr. Mafolo leaves as Kumalo, safe at last, enjoys a cigarette and reflects on the days to come.

Chapter 3 Kumalo waits for the Johannesburg train at Carisbrooke. Generally, this journey is shrouded in mist, which some find to be an ominous sign & others find a mysterious prelude to adventure. Kumalo pays little attention to his surroundings. He is anxious about his sister's health, the potential costs of treating her illness & the chaos of Johannesburg, where there are many buses & one can be killed just by crossing the street, as happened to a twelve-year-old boy who was an acquaintance of Kumalo's. His gravest concern is his son.

The train arrives, & Kumalo bids farewell to the companion who has helped him bring his bags to the station. As Kumalo boards the train, his companion passes on a request from a man named Sibeko, whose daughter accompanied a white family to Johannesburg & has not written since. Kumalo says he will do what he can. He boards one of the train's designated non-European carriages, where he searches in vain for a fellow passenger of the same social class as himself.

At the textile factory, the white men who manage the plant are helpful, stating that Absalom has not worked there for twelve months. Kumalo and Msimangu meet a friend of Absalom's who says that Absalom used to live with a Mrs. Ndlela in Sophiatown.

The two priests find Mrs. Ndlela, who tells them that Absalom has moved to Alexandra. After Kumalo steps outside, Msimangu asks Mrs. Ndlela why she seems so sorry for Kumalo, and she reveals that both she and her husband felt that Absalom kept bad company.

In the end, an anonymous voice tells us, the strike amounts to very little. There is some trouble at the mines, and three black miners are killed, but the strike never spreads. A clergyman at one of the nation's religious conferences brings up the issue of black laborers, but, the voice notes, it's easier not to think about such things.

The voice restates that the strike is over and notes that everything is quiet. Even in the most serene place, a voice retorts, there is no silence. Only fools are quiet.

Why is it that there are mostly black people and rarely white people on the train?

The white people had their own cars now, so they did not need the train.

Msimangu's fear that by the time "they"—the whites—turn to loving, "we"—the blacks—will have turned to hating calls attention to Kumalo's sense of the shift in black attitudes toward whites. Although Kumalo and Msimangu, members of an older generation, do not wish to cause strife, younger men such as Napoleon Letsitsi are less willing to tolerate white oppression.

The willingness to be reconciled exists among both blacks and whites, Msimangu suggests, but never at the same time. Through Msimangu, Paton hints at the sad irony of a nation in which justice and racial equality are stymied by poor timing rather than bad intentions.

Kumalo has a conversation with a friend when he returns to Ndotsheni talking about how a man can believe in Christ even though he experiences trouble on this earth. The man replies, "I have never thought that a Christian would be free of suffering, umfundisi. For our Lord suffered. And I come to believe that he suffered, not to save us from suffering, but to teach us how to bear suffering. For he knew that there is no life without suffering" (Paton 261). Explain how the story of Kumalo and Jarvis in Cry, The Beloved Country illustrates the truth of this statement.

When Kumalo tells his friend back at the village about the fate of Sibeko's daughter, his friend hears the news philosophically. His friend reminds Kumalo that suffering is part of life, and that the point is not to avoid it, but to show God how you manage the pain that comes to you. Cry, the Beloved Country never claims that the goal of reform is to eliminate suffering altogether. The point is to minimize suffering where we can. It's impossible to make life entirely free of pain, but we can "bear suffering" in good and bad ways. Kumalo, this friend, and Jarvis all provide examples of morally good ways to learn from suffering. Kumalo acknowledges that there are things in life that remain a secret and through this quote uJarvis and Kumalo can bond over the pain they share of losing their sons, even though they were lost in far different ways. Their pain brings them together and while they could be pessimistic because of the deaths, they instead choose to use what Satan intended for evil as for what God intended for good. These two deaths eventually bring about the restoration of Ndotsheni (though not shown completely in the book), which is what Arthur Jarvis would have only hoped.

When the storm comes, he seeks shelter in Kumalo's church. The two sit together under Kumalo's leaky roof, and Jarvis asks whether Absalom has received mercy. Kumalo shows him the letter from Mr. Carmichael, and Jarvis says that he understands Kumalo's grief.

When the storm passes, the residents of Ndotsheni examine the sticks with great curiosity. When a child uproots one, there is much commotion, and the whole village conspires to put the stick back in its place and conceal all evidence of its removal.

How does Wollstonecraft's idea of the purpose of education differ from Moore's?

While they both touch on similar ideas: a student's heart and character must be developed properly in order for them to become good citizens, they have different end-goals. Wollstonecraft seems to stop with the idea that education forms proper citizens while Moore takes this a step further and argues that education forms a person's eternal soul.

Audience

Who is this written to? New converts, long-time believers, or unbelievers? The historical context of these texts has a lot of influence in this area.

Boarding School

Wollstonecraft claims these schools end up feeling like vacations and the children are either dreaming of being at home or being indulged at home because their parents miss them.

Looking at page 69, (..."do not necessarily include") what seems to be Moore's main argument for the type of education women need?

Women need a comprehensive education that includes religion and cultivates intellect.

Which is the best analysis of this proverb? "He who finds the occasion to hurt others will be hurt by them tomorrow" (South Africa).

You reap what you sow.

Exercise / Play

Young children should not be confined to sitting for more than an our at a time and the moving will help them be more interested in their academic pursuits.

panoply

a complete or impressive collection of things

malediction

a curse; a wish of evil upon another

Which Proverb might be used to address ingratitude?

a fish is the last to acknowledge the existence of water

In Cry the Beloved Country, how does umfundisi find out about his sister's illness?

a letter

What does the little girl bring to Umfundisi?

a letter

proclivity

a natural or habitual inclination or tendency (especially of human character or behavior)

neologism

a new word, expression, or usage; the creation or use of new words or senses

compatriot

a person from your own country

What kind of person prevents umfundisi and Msimangu from getting on the bus?

a protester

despot

a ruler with absolute power or tyrannical control over a group of people

elegy

a sad or mournful poem

In Cry the Beloved Country, what unfortunate coincidence impacts Absalom's trial outcome?

a similar story in the newspaper about more crime

oligarchy

a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.

What are the police afraid John Kumalo will incite?

a strike