Final Exam Test 1

Which of the following examples indicates a situation where the researcher is MOST likely to have possible bias regarding his/her work

A researcher funded by a pharmaceutical company is testing the clinical effectiveness of a new vaccince

Bias in an experiment can occur when

All of the above are correct (a subject knows their experimental group, a subject knows they are a control, the technician collecting informaiton knows who is in which group

Scientists working for a major cosmetics company are attempting to determine if a new face cream can reduce the number of fine lines are wrinkles on a person's face This is an example of

Applied research

When determining whether a claim about a new cleansing juice diet is scientific or pseudoscientific, which of the following is NOT a helpful question to ask yourself

Are there a lot of people, including celebrities, endorsing the product as a healthy weight-loss methos

Scientific studies that compare patients with a disease to those without a disease are referred to as

Case-control studies

Which of the follwoing questions could NOT be used to develop a testable hypothesis

Do people with bad karma wear hats

Consider an experiment in which subjects are given a pill to test its effectiveness on reducing the duration of a cold. Which of the following is the best way to treat the control group?

Give the control group a pill that does not affect the duration of colds

control group

Group maintained under a standard set of conditions

When scientists generate a single informed, logical, and plausible explanation for a question and observations of the natural world, they are proposing scientific

Hypothesis

Which of the following is TRUE about science

None of the statements are TRUE (Science is meant to be confusing, science is abstract, science is based on the phantom)

Which of the following is an appropriate scientific hypothesis

People catch colds because it is a cold temperature

Bias

Prejudice or opinion for or against something

blind experimentation

Subjects are not told what they are predicted to experience

experimental group

The experimental group

A patient is coughing a producing a wheezing sound as she breathes; she also has a fever She goes to the doctor who listens to her chest, takes X-rays of her chest and determines that she probably has something called croup. Which of the following are the facts in the scenario

The patient is coughing, wheezing, and has a fever

Which of the following would be a positive consideration when evaluating a researcher's expertise regarding a particular scientific claim

The researcher has a PhD, MD or at least an MS and years of experience in the field in which he/she is making a decision

Which of the following statements is true?

The scientific method can help people make informed decisions

scientific literacy

The understanding of the basics of science

The graph below shows which of the following

There is a strong correlation between the sale/consumption of organic food and the number of individuals diagnosed with autism between 1998 and 2007.

Whenever we ________, we are proceeding scientifically.

Try to solve a problem by systematically evaluating the plausibility of various solutions

Is it important for scientists to communicate their results to fellow scientists?

Yes, the quality and accuracy of the scientific work can be enhanced by input further review, and possibly even repetition by other scientists working in the same field

Scientific claim

a statement about how the world works that can be tested using the scientific method

Which of the following would be a control in an experiment testing the prediction that a certain drug prevents cataracts in females over the age of 65

females over 65 that are given placebos

Placebo

intentionally ineffective treatment

The purpose of a blind experiment is

minimize the effects of human bias on the results

Developing a scientific understanding of a natural phenomenon typically begins by

observing a quantifiable natural phenomena

Which of the following is least likely to include unchecked bias when making scientific statements

peer reviewed scientific journals

Before original research work is accepted and added to a growing body of scientific understanding, perhaps even contributing to our understanding of an important scientific theory, it must be scrutinized by experts in the field who have no direct connection to the research under review. The main mechanism for doing this is

peer-reviewed publications

A scientific hypothesis must be ___; if not, science cannot evaluate it

testable

A ___ is a factor in an experiment that can be manipulated

variable