Final for OM

when defining a project, you must define the _______, or tasks that consume resources and time, as well as the immediate _________ , which must be completed before a task can start

- activities - predecessors

the number of Kanban cards (K) required is calculated by dividing ________ by __________

- average daily demand during lead time plus a safety stock - number of units per container

A(n) ________ is a special type of data-collection form in which the results may be interpreted without additional processing. A(n) __________ separates the vital few from the trivial many and provides direction for selecting projects for improvement

- checksheet - pareto diagram

in applying six sigma to services, there are four key measures of performance: accuracy, cycle time, _______, and _______

- cost - customer-satisfaction

the learning curve concept is that direct labor unit cost ______ in a predictable manner as the experience in producing the unit ________

- decreases -increases

regression analysis is a method for building a statistical model that defines a relationship between a single _______ variable and one or more ________ variables, all of which are numerical

- dependent - independent

waiting time, transportation, processing, and product defects are all part of the ________ principle of lean operating systems

- elimination of waste

in a moving average forecast, as the value of k ______, the forecast reacts slowly to recent changes in the time series. As the value of k _______, the forecast reacts more quickly

- increases -decreases

a project network consists of a set of ______, which represent activities, and a set of

- nodes - arcs

the crash cost per unit of time is calculated by dividing (crash cost minus ______) by (_______ minus crash time)

- normal cost - normal time

sustainability is best described as a ___________ using three dimensions

- organizational strategy - environmental, social, economic

productivity is found by dividing quantity of _________ by quantity of ________

- output - input

________ costs are those expended to keep nonconforming goods and services from being made and reaching the customer; _______ costs are those expended on ascertaining quality levels through measurement and analysis of data to detect and correct problems

- prevention - appraisal

TMP, or Total ______ __________ is focused on ensuring that operating systems will perform their intended function reliability

- productive - maintence

the four components of a __________- forecasting, allocation, overbooking, and ________ -must work in unison if the objective is to maximize the revenue generated by a perishable asset

- revenue management system - pricing

a(n) ___________ is a line graph in which data are plotted over time to show performance and variation. A(n) _______ is a basic statistical tool that graphically shows the frequency of number of observations of a particular value or within a specified group

- run chart - histogram

_________ patterns are characterized by repeatable periods of ups and downs over short periods of time while _______ patterns are regular patterns in a data series that take place over long periods of time

- seasonal - cyclical

sort, _____, ______, standardize, and sustain are the 5S's of an efficient work environment

- set in order - shine

________ capacity can be determined by finding the amount of an output that can be produced in a short period of time and _______ the maximum rate of an output that can be produced over a longer period of time using simple logic

- theoretical - extrapolating

the method of least squares minimizes the sum of the squared deviations between the actual ________ values and the estimated values of the ________

- time-series - dependent variable

a __________ provides a method for monitoring a forecast to determine when it might be advantageous to change or update the model. The method most often used is to compute the cumulative forecast error divided by the value of the _________ at that point in time

- tracking signal - mean absolute deviation

__________ of scale occur when the average unit of cost of a good or service decreases as the capacity and/or volume of throughput increases. Meanwhile, ______ of scale occur when the average unit cost of the good or service begins to increase as the capacity and/or volume of throughput increases

-economies -diseconomies

when capacity is above the demand curve there is ________ ; when it is below, there is _________

-excess capacity - a shortage of capacity to meet demand

________ forecasting relies upon opinions and expertise of people in developing forecasts while ______ forecasting is asking those who are close to the end consumer about the customers' purchasing plans

-judgemental -grassroots

the Deming cycle is composed of four stages: ____, do, study, and _______

-plan -act

using six sigma concept, if a company produces 10 defective products out of 1,000 finished product, the DPU is ___

.01 (10/1000)

Assume the specifications for a part (in inches) are 5.00 ± 0.37, and the Taguchi loss function is estimated to be L(x) = 9,300(x - T)2. Use the Excel template Taguchi to determine the estimated loss if the quality characteristic under study takes on a value of 5.50 inches. Round your answer to the nearest cent.

2325

The specifications for an automobile part (in inches) are 13.40 ± 0.15, and the Taguchi loss function is estimated to be L(x) = 11,600 (x - T) 2. Determine the estimated loss per part if the concerned quality feature has an actual value of 13.31 inches.

93.96

In the context of supply chain design trade-offs, which of the following is true of a push system? a. It works best when there are a large number of distribution centers. b. It is more appropriate for make-to-order items. c. It has an advantage of immediate availability of goods to consumers. d. It works best with variable sales patterns.

???

Which of the following is a disadvantage of push systems? a. They are not effective when sales patterns are consistent. b. They are not effective when there are few distribution centers and products. c. They increase transportation costs in a supply chain. d. They result in higher costs when forecasting sales is difficult.

?????

A critical part has a manufacturing specification (in cm) of 0.425 ± 0.010. Based on this information, if this measurement is larger than 0.415 or smaller than 0.435, the product fails at a cost of $100. Determine the Taguchi loss function in the given scenario. a. L(x) = 1,000,000 (x - 0.435) 2 b. L(x) = 1,000,000 (x - 0.425) 2 c. L(x) = 10,000 (x - 0.415) 2 d. L(x) = 10,000 (x - 0.010) 2

L(x) = 1,000,000 (x - 0.425) 2

A critical part has a manufacturing specification (in cm) of 0.325 ± 0.010. Based on this information, if this measurement is larger than 0.335 or smaller than 0.315, the product fails at a cost of $120. Determine the Taguchi loss function in the given scenario. a. L(x) = 1,200,000 (x - 0.335) 2 b. L(x) = 1,200,000 (x - 0.325) 2 c. L(x) = 1,200 (x - 0.315) 2 d. L(x) = 1,200 (x - 0.010) 2

L(x) = 1,200,000 (x - 0.325) 2

A quality characteristic has a specification (in cm) of 0.40 ± 0.03. If the value of the quality characteristic exceeds 0.40 by the tolerance of 0.03 on either side, the product will require a $180 repair. In the given scenario, the Taguchi loss function is correctly represented by which of the following equations? a. L(x) = 200 (x − 0.03) 2 b. L(x) = 2,000 (x − 0.43) 2 c. L(x) = 200,000 (x − 0.37) 2 d. L(x) = 200,000 (x − 0.40) 2

L(x) = 200,000 (x − 0.40) 2

The specifications for a refrigerator part (in cm) are 5.00 ± 0.10, and the Taguchi loss function is estimated to be L(x) = 5,500 (x - T) 2. Determine the estimated loss per part if the quality characteristic (i.e., actual process performance) under study takes on a value of 4.91 cm. a. More than $30 but less than or equal to $50 b. More than $50 but less than or equal to $70 c. More than $70 but less than or equal to $90 d. More than $90

More than $30 but less than or equal to $50

Which of the following statements is true of sustainability? a. Sustainability practices lead to better public perception. b. Sustainability practices are limited to service-providing firms. c. The use of sustainable technology reduces short-term operational costs. d. The application of sustainable technology is limited to the agriculture industry.

Sustainability practices lead to better public perception.

If the value ratio for a good or service is high, the good or service is perceived favorably by customers.

TRUE

Which of the following statements is true of service facilities? a. They need to be in close proximity to customers. b. They store their services as physical inventory. c. They require employees with stronger technical skills than behavioral skills. d. They rely more on hard technology than soft technology to perform work.

They need to be in close proximity to customers.

__________ is calculated by squaring the individual forecast errors and then averaging the results over all T periods of data in the time series

mean square error

which of the following is a key difference between mean square errors and mean absolute deviation?

mean square error is influenced much more by large forecast errors than by small errors

In the context of a customer benefit package (CBP), a variant is

normally location specific or firm specific

in the PERT procedure, time estimates are obtained for each activity: _______ time, most probable time, and _____ time

optimistic pessimistic

forming a team, assessing risk, and allocating resources occur during the _______ phase of a project

organize

traditional factories use a push system, which

produced finished- goods inventory in advance of customer demand using a forecast of sales

the concept of __________ characterizes a pull system

producing the needed quantity of required parts each day

A _____ produces only what is needed at upstream stages in the supply chain in response to customer demand signals from downstream stages. a. third-party logistics provider b. push system c. pull system d. distribution center

pull system

_______ variation is caused by short-term, unanticipated, and nonrecurring factors

random

the purpose of the SMED principle is to _________

reduce setup times

southwest airlines' customers wait on a first-come, first-serve basis and board in zones to address the _________ principle of lean operating systems

reduced cost

the best definition of crashing a project in project scheduling is

reducing the total time to complete the project to meet a revised due date

a benefit of using _______ is that operations managers can better plan their equipment and workforce schedules and rely less on forecasts due to advanced knowledge of when customer demand will occur

reservations

_____ attributes are those that a customer can determine prior to purchasing goods or services. a. Search b. Experience c. Credence d. Variant

search

Ensuring the health and safety of the workforce is an example of _____ sustainability. a. environmental b. social c. economic d. technological

social

which of the following is NOT one of the short- term adjustments to capacity

store unused capacity

a small value of the smoothing constant is preferred when the time series contains _______

substantial random variability

which of the following equations is used to calculate the capacity requirements over all work orders?

sum(si + (pi * Qi))

in project scheduling, the rule EF= ES +T, means that

the earliest time that an activity can be completed is equal to the earliest time it can begin plus the time to perform the acitivity

the best definition of quality conformance is ______

the extent to which a process is able to deliver output that meets design specifications

the best definition of the critical path in project scheduling is

the sequence of activities that takes the longest time and defines the total project completion time

the PERT approach was developed as a means of handling _______

the uncertainties in activity completion times

a __________ provides the data for understanding how the variable that we wish to forecast has changed historically

time series

the __________ refers to the measurement of _____________ sustainability

triple bottom line social, economic, financial

in a lean operating system, any activity, material, or operation that does not add value in an organization is considered _____

waste

according to Crosby's Absolutes of Quality Management, the only performance standard is _________

zero defects

all of the following are true about Gantt charts, except

Gantt charts list time of the vertical axis, and the activities on the horizontal axis

Brenda is planning a vacation to an exotic island. Though she has pre-planned her accommodation and itinerary, she is unsure of how the vacation will turn out. In this case, Brenda's vacation is high in _____ attributes. a. search b. experience c. credence d. variant

experience

The safety feature of an electronic equipment is its _____ attribute. a. credence b. perception c. search d. experience

experience

the ________ states that the cost of doing any repetitive task, work activity, or project decreases as the accumulated experience of doing the job increases

experience curve

In the context of the pre- and postproduction services perspective of a value chain, preproduction services _________, and postproduction services, _________.

focus on gaining a customer -focus on keeping existing customers

inconsistent processing systems, or machine break downs are all part of the ________ principle of lean operating systems

improve quality

the Timken company applied Six Sigma tools to minimize process variation to address the ___________ principle of lean operating systems

improve quality

all of the following are true about a projects' organization structure, except

in a typical functional organization, a project doesn't cut across organizational boundaries

Which of the following perspectives in the balanced scorecard model is most meaningful to operations managers? a. The financial perspective b. The internal perspective c. The learning perspective d. The customer perspective

internal perspective

the best definition of quality of a kaizen event is that it ___

is an intense and rapid improvement process in which a team or department throws all its resources into an improvement project over a short period of time

all of the following are true about the ISO 900 family of standards, except

iso is the acronym for the International Organization of Security

Field and call center service training is located in the "________" aspect of the Value Chain

keeping the customer

_________ is NOT one of the capacity expansion options

large capacity increases that match demand

A pair of running shoes is an example of a durable good.

FALSE

Process layouts require simple planning and control systems. a. True b. False

FALSE

The center-of-gravity method increases the weighted distance between the facility to be located and its supply and demand points. a. True b. False

FALSE

Vehicles, furniture, and dishwashers are examples of nondurable goods.

FALSE

the best definition of the GAP model is

a framework for evaluating the quality of both goods and services, and identifying where to focus design and improvement efforts

planned capacity is calculated by _________

adding safety capacity and effective capacity

all of the following are true about Six Sigma, except

both lean and six sigma production attack the same type of problems

________ refers to a discontinuous change, as opposed to the gradual, continuous improvement philosophy of kaizen

breakthrough improvement

__________ is the capability of a manufacturing or service system, such as a facility, process, workstation, or piece of equipment, to accomplish its purpose or to produce output in a period of time

capacity

which of the following is NOT one of the Ten Practical Principles of Forecasting

combine forecasts from approaches that are either the same of very similar

the best definition of service quality is _________

consistently meeting or exceeding customer expectations and service-delivery system performance criteria during all service encounters

the creation of a statement of work occurs during the ______ phase of a project

define

all of the following are external failure costs, except

downgrading costs

David runs a bed and breakfast in the outskirts of a big city. His employees are allowed to spend up to $200 to resolve any customer complaints, with no questions asked. This is an example of: a. service guarantee. b. assurance. c. flexibility. d. empowerment.

empowerment