FiNAL GOV TEST

Anarchism is the political opposite of​

totalitarianism.

To date, all constitutional amendments have been proposed by

two-thirds vote in both the House and the Senate.

_________ theorists have a narrower view of the scope of social and economic rights that should be guaranteed by a ​democratic government than _________ theorists.

​Conservative, liberal

Survey methodology did not become a powerful research tool until the

1950s

The notion that American public schools are open to all is an example of

affirmative action

Communitarians are willing to use government to promote both order and

equality.

Using a two-dimensional model of political ideology, conservatives are more likely to support

order over freedom and freedom over equality.

An individual's _____ status is based on a combination of education, occupational status, and income.

socioeconomic

The broad, basic definition of politics given by the text is

the authoritative allocation of values for a society.

The modern understanding of globalization is

the increasing interdependence of citizens and nations across the world.

The main disadvantage of the pluralist model is that it

​favors groups who need help the least.

The online communication channels that allow citizens to register opinions and complaints to government officials is called

E-government.

Supporters of the Constitution named themselves

Federalists.

In a speech before the United States entered World War II, which former president described the four freedoms: freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom from fear, and freedom from want?

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Which political philosopher inspired the phrase "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" in the Declaration of Independence?

John Locke

In the 2011 Chamber of Commerce of the United States v. Whiting decision, the Roberts Court upheld which state law?

Legal Arizona Workers Act

Which of the following is TRUE when comparing majoritarian and pluralist models of democracy?

Majoritarian democracy expects that the mass public rather than interest groups will control government actions.

In ________, the Supreme Court declared that the courts have the power to nullify government acts that conflict with the Constitution.

Marbury v. Madison

Which 1780s event demonstrated that the "league of friendship" under the Articles was incapable of suppressing insurrection and keeping order, creating a sense of urgency at the Philadelphia convention to strengthen the national government?

Shays's Rebellion

Which document proclaimed, "Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not ... expressly delegated to the United States"?

The Articles of Confederation

John Locke's views on government are expressed in

Two Treatises on Government

The ________ was a set of proposals for a new government, submitted to the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which included separation of the government into three branches and division of the legislature into two houses using proportional representation.

Virginia Plan

​One example of government focus on equality of outcome is

affirmative action programs

Which individuals favor the ideological opposite of totalitarianism on the political continuum, because they oppose all forms of government and espouse total freedom?

anarchists

In general, liberals are much more likely than conservatives to

approve of the use of power to promote equality.

The fact that ideological conservatives believed even more strongly that Iraq ​had weapons of mass destruction before the 2003 war after they were informed that subsequent investigations concluded that this was not true is an example of the

backfire effect

​In his 2014 State of the Union address, President Obama proposed that the minimum wage

be raised $10.10

Studies of the congressional agenda of the United States demonstrate that it is characterized by an emphasis on

business-related legislation.

Formula grants and project grants are both types of _________ grants.

categorical

The basic standard of substantive democracy is that government must guarantee

civil rights and liberties.

In response to the use of national mandates and restraints that have become so dominant, theorists have developed a new theory known as _____ federalism.

coercive

​Documents leaked by Edward Snowden showed that the National Security Agency had

collected data on domestic phone conversations of ordinary Americans.

The Greek word demos, which is the root of the term democracy, means

common people.

Which type of government deliberately chooses strict social order as its top priority?

communist

_________ theorists have a narrower view of the scope of social and economic rights that should be guaranteed by a ​democratic government than _________ theorists.

conservative and liberal

The Great Depression represented a shift away from __________ and toward

dual federalism; cooperative federalism.

Capitalism is best described as a(n)

economic system in which production and property are privately owned, with a minimum of government interference.

The idea that the most important government decisions are made by an identifiable and stable minority that shares certain characteristics -- particularly wealth and business connections -- is called

elite theory

Social order is usually defined as

established patterns of authority and traditional modes of behavior.

As noted in the text, one big reason why democratization is very difficult for struggling nations is that _______ complicate things on an epidemic level.

ethnic and religious conflicts

A sign that pluralist democracy might NOT be working well in the United States is the

fact that the best represented sectors in Washington are business and professional groups.

When the electoral college was created as the nation's official voting system, what lingering and pervasive fear was eliminated?

fear of a popular vote controlled by the people

Unless they are impeached, federal judges serve

for life.

The U.S. Constitution was designed to prevent anarchy by

forging a union of states.

During the 1990s, Congress prohibited private businesses from discriminating in employment, public services, and public accommodations on the basis of physical or mental disabilities. This act creates a clash between

freedom and equality

The conflict between _______ represents the modern dilemma of government.

freedom and equality

During the 1990s, Congress prohibited private businesses from discriminating in employment, public services, and public accommodations on the basis of physical or mental disabilities. This act creates a clash between

freedom and equality.

Which of the following statements reflects the role public opinion should play according to the majoritarian model of democracy?

governments should do what a majority of the public wants

A libertarian is most likely to exhibit the characteristics of

high income and high education

The power of Congress to charter a bank is an example of what type of power?

implied

When the authors say that we live in an era of "globalization," they mean that citizens and nations are increasingly

interdependent

Any organization of individuals formed on the basis of common interest to influence public policy is called a(n)

interest group.

The way that politicians present issues, selectively invoking values or recalling certain events, is sometimes casually called "spin," but is more formally referred to by political scientists a

issue framing

A sample size that is _____ will more accurately represent the population

larger

How likely are voters to participate in state and local elections compared with national elections?

less likely

Which group tends to favor freedom over order as well as equality over freedom

liberals

According to your text, the difference between libertarianism and John Locke-inspired liberalism is

libertarianism puts a greater emphasis on individual freedom.

According to Thomas Hobbes, author of Leviathan, the proper objective of government is to

maintain order

Cohesive political parties with well-defined programs contribute to the

majoritarian model of democracy

Cohesive political parties with well-defined programs contribute to the

majoritarian model of democracy.

Some theorists say that democracies should be run by group decisions based on the opinion of at least 50 percent of participants plus one person. What concept does this represent?

majority rule

​Established procedures and organizations that translate public opinion into government policy, like elections, are known as institutional

mechanisms.

Once ratified, the Constitution was quickly amended with the Bill of Rights to assuage concerns that this new government

might infringe on personal liberty

The most frequent response (such as "I favor") in a public opinion distribution is known as the

mode

The text of the Constitution deals with slavery by

not mentioning it directly.

A form of government that puts power in the hands of an elite is a(n)​

oligarchy

In the pluralist model of democracy, "government by the people" means government by people who

operate through competing interest groups.

New England town meetings are an example o

participatory democracy

While majority rule is defined as decision making by 50 percent plus one person, _________ is defined as decision making by most participants.

plurality rule

Each citizen having one vote demonstrates

political equality.

The set of values and beliefs that a person holds about the purpose and scope of government is called

political ideology

Which term is used to describe a consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government?

political ideology

Which of the following is not a power granted to the president under the Constitution?

power to declare war

The goal of the statistical theory of sampling is to

reflect the views of the population with some predictable degree of accuracy.

Which socialization agent created strong and important political differences for almost one hundred years, but has seen an equalization in recent decades that has greatly diminished these sharp differences?

region

Although the United States is a capitalist country, the government does intervene in the economic arena, primarily through

regulating private business

One primary challenge to democratization in Iraq after the overthrow of dictator Saddam Hussein is the

religious conflict between Sunni and Shiite branches of Islam.

What version of democracy did the framers institute as they shaped the American system?

representative democracy

Originally, the Constitutional Convention's purpose was to

revise the Articles of Confederation.

Agreement among substantive theorists breaks down when the discussion moves from civil rights to

social rights and economic rights.

A person who favors government ownership of some basic industries and a strong government role in directing the economy would best be labeled a(n)

socialist.

From the 1930s to the mid-1990s, the Supreme Court

tended to support expansion of national authority.

The government's role in redistributing income to promote economic equality has been a major source of debate in the United States ever since

the Great Depression.

The original procedure for selecting the vice president, under the electoral college, was

the candidate with the next-greatest number of votes would become vice president.

​Historian Jack Rakove argues that in the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson was arguing for

the collective right of revolution and self-government.

One critique that pluralists make of the public as a whole is that

the public seldom demonstrates clear, consistent opinions on daily issues of government

Anarchism is the political opposite of

totalitarianism

​According to procedural theory, the government should do

whatever the majority wants.

The desire to avoid potential foreign prosecution of its soldiers and the desire to continue practicing the death penalty led the United States in 2002 to

withdraw from the 1998 treaty creating an International Criminal Court.

Protection of private property is NOT a valid objective of government according to​

​Karl Marx.

The Federalist Papers were drafted by​

​Madison, Hamilton, and Jay

Article I, Section 8 of the constitution articulates the principle of _________, granting Congress limited powers.​

​enumerated powers

The value of using political concepts in understanding government is that they​

​provide for a broader view than looking at specific events.