Final: Lecture Exam 3

Name the three types of levers-give one specific example of each

1st class levers- head resting on the vertebrae 2nd class levers- standing on your toes 3rd class levers- elbow, biceps brachii

Skeletal muscles, the combined amounts of creatine phosphate and ATP provide enough energy for the muscle to contract maximally for approximately A. 15 seconds B. 15 minutes C. 1.5 minutes D. 5 seconds

A. 15 seconds

A single somatic motor neuron makes contract with an average of __ skeletal muscle fibers A. 150 B. 2 C. unknown D. 25

A. 150

The light and dark bands in sarcomeres are due to the regular arrangement A. actin and myosin B. epimysium and nuclei C. actin and sarcoplasmic reticulum D. myosin and calcium carbonate

A. actin and myosin

Forcefully blowing through a trumpet would require contraction of which muscle? A. buccinators B. zygomaticus major C. levator labii superioris D. risorius E. occipitofrontalis

A. buccinators

A group of skeletal muscles, their associated blood vessels, and associated nerves, all of which have a common function, is a A. compartment B. fixator C. synergist D. antagonist

A. compartment

When an athlete performs a pull up (a chin-up), the process of pulling the body up so that the chin can tough the bar is A. concentric isotonic B. eccentric isotonic C. isometric

A. concentric isotonic

During inhalation, muscles contract to elevate the ribs. During forced exhalation, ___ muscles contract to depress the ribs A. external intercostals; internal intercostals B. transverse abdominis; diaphragm C. diaphragm, transverse abdominis D. rectus abdominis; external obliques

A. external intercostals; internal intercostals

The muscles of the forearm that originate outside the hand and insert within it and move the wrist, hand, and digits are called A. extrinsic B. intrinsic

A. extrinsic

Separates muscle fibers

A. fascia

Lowest myoglobin content A. fast glycolytic B. fast oxidative glycolytic C. slow oxidative

A. fast glycolytic

Your friend nods "yes" to you, going through flexion, extension, and hypertension. This movement at the fulcrum represents a A. first-class lever system B. second-class lever system C. third-class lever system

A. first-class lever system

The two muscles of the "pelvic diaphragm" are the levator ani and the ___ A. ischiococcygeus B. illiococcygeus C. pubococcygeus D. rotatores

A. ischiococcygeus

Which muscles help move the jaw during mastication? A. masseter, temporalis, pterygoid, (medial and lateral) B. genioglossus, styloglossus, hypoglossus, palatoglossus C. omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid D. orbicularis oris, levator labili superioris, depressor labii inferioris

A. masseter, temporalis, pterygoid, (medial and lateral)

The level of organization of a skeletal muscle from most inclusive (largest) to least inclusive (smallest) is A. muscle-fascicle-muscle fiber-myofibril-myofilament B. muscle-muscle fiber-fascicle-myofibril-myofilament C. muscle-fascicle-muscle fiber-myofilament-myofibril D. muscle-muscle fiber-fascicle-myofilament-myofibril

A. muscle-fascicle-muscle fiber-myofibril-myofilament

A skeletal muscle fiber is A. one large cell with multiple nuclei B. one muscle cell and one nuclei with surrounding support cells C. the same as a fascicle D. the same as a sarcoplasm

A. one large cell with multiple nuclei

What structure supports the longitudinal arch and encloses the flexor tendon of the foot? A. planar aponeurosis B. splenius muscles C. abductor D. flexor digiti mini brevis

A. planar aponeurosis

Which motions can be made by the upper limbs, but NOT the lower limbs A. pronation and supination B. flexion and extension C. lateral and medial rotation

A. pronation and supination

Of the nine muscles in the muscles of the thorax and shoulders that move the humerus, where do seven of them originate? A. scapula B. sternum C. clavicle D. spine

A. scapula

The rhomboid major muscle is named for which of the following TWO characteristics? A. size B. shape C. number of origins D. sites of origins E. locations

A. size B. shape

Which one characteristics describes both skeletal and cardiac muscle? A. striations B. autorhymicity C. cell shape D. autonomic control E. somatic control

A. striations

Which of the following is not one of the muscles assisting in breathing A. vastus lateralis B. diaphragm C. external intercostals D. anterior scalenes E. pectoralis minor

A. vastus lateralis

If one is stabbed on the lateral side of the abdomen, what abdominal muscles will the knife go through A. rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique B. external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis C. transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, external oblique D. external oblique, transverse abdominis, rectus abdominis

B. external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis

Muscle fibers that have low myoglobin content, relatively few blood capillaries, and few mitochondria and appear white in color are A. fast oxidative glycolytic fibers B. fast glycolytic fibers C. slow oxidative fibers

B. fast glycolytic fibers

Uses aerobic and anaerobic A. fast glycolytic B. fast oxidative glycolytic C. slow oxidative

B. fast oxidative glycolytic

A man complains of problems going up steps. Test reveal hip extension. What muscles is most likely damaged? A. adductor magnus B. gluteus maximus C. gluteus medius D. semitendinous E. sartorius

B. gluteus maximus

A rupture or separation of a portion of the abdominal wall resulting in the protrusion of a part of the small intestine would be a A. sports hernia B. inguinal hernia C. linea alba hernia D. superficial hernia

B. inguinal hernia

Which term describes a somatic motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates A. synapse B. motor unit C. neuromuscular junction D. motor end plate

B. motor unit

An athlete is training for a one mile race. He slightly tears his calcaneal tendon. The doctors prescribe P.R.I.C.E and give him medicine for inflammation and pain. He most likely has a A. muscle sprain B. muscle strain C. repetitive strain injuries D. planar fasciitis E. compartment syndrome

B. muscle strain

Encircles fascicles

B. perimysium

Which muscles constitute the quadriceps? A. biceps femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and vastus intermedius B. rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and vastus intermedius C. semitendinousus, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and vastus intermedius D. rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and semimembranosus

B. rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and vastus intermedius

Continual pinching of the supraspinatus tendon as a result of overhead motions causes the tendon cause to become inflamed and result in pain. This is a description of A. shin splints B. rhabdomyosarcoma C. impingement syndrome D. carpal tunnel syndrome E. dysphagia

B. rhabdomyosarcoma

Place the muscle tissue type in order from least to best ability to regenerate A. smooth, skeletal, cardiac B. skeletal, cardiac, smooth C. cardiac, smooth, skeletal D. skeletal, smooth, cardiac E. cardiac, skeletal, smooth

B. skeletal, cardiac, smooth

A 1 year old child presents with crossed eyes. While she seems fine and is able to recognize people, the patient is diagnosed with A. nystagmus B. strabismus C. presbyopia

B. strabismus

Which of these groups includes ONLY muscles that move the humerus but do NOT originate on the axial skeleton? A. serratus anterior, latissimus dorsi, trapezius B. supraspinatus, teres major, teres minor, infraspinatus C. deltoiod, brachioradialis, latissimus dorsi ,pectoralis major D. trapezius, pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, triceps brachii

B. supraspinatus, teres major, teres minor, infraspinatus

A regulatory muscle fiber protein would be A. myosin B. troponin C. nebulin D. myosin

B. troponin

During muscle contractions, thin filaments are pulled toward the A. Z disc B. H zone C. M line D. A band

C. M line

Which muscle is most often injured in a "pulled hamstring" A. biceps brachii B. semimembranosus C. biceps femoris D. rectus femoris

C. biceps femoris

Which of the listed muscular tissues is described by the following: striated, involuntary and autorhythmic, communicate with other via gap junctions, one sometimes two centrally located branched nuclei A. skeletal muscle B. smooth muscle C. cardiac muscle

C. cardiac muscle

Intercalated fibers are unique to which type of muscle tissue A. skeletal muscle tissue B. smooth muscle tissue C. cardiac muscle tissue

C. cardiac muscle tissue

Which fascicle arrangement, under voluntary or involuntary regulation of contraction, can control the opening or closing an orifice (opening)? A. pennate B. triangular C. circular D. parallel E. fusiform

C. circular

A procedure called a fasciotomy might be an option in the case of A. plantar fasciitis B. torticollis C. compartment syndrome D. rhabdomysarcoma

C. compartment syndrome

Encircles muscles

C. endomysium

Skeletal muscle fibers are grouped into bundles called __ that are surrounded by a layer of dense regular connective tissue called ___ A. sarcolemma, thick filaments B. endomysium sarcolemma C. fascicles, perimysium D. sarcoplasm, perimysium

C. fascicles, perimysium

World class shot-putters will have a higher percentage of __ in their muscles A. slow oxidative fibers B. fast oxidative fibers C. fast glycolytic fibers

C. fast glycolytic fibers

Based on the name, which of the following best describes characteristics of the biceps femoris? A. has two insertions and found in lower leg B. has two bellies and found in the upper leg C. has two origins and found in the upper leg D. has two origins and found in the upper arm E. has two insertions and found in the upper leg

C. has two origins and found in the upper leg

The dorsal muscles and plantar muscles are A. extrinsic muscles of the foot B. extrinsic muscles of the ankle C. intrinsic muscles of the foot D. intrinsic muscles of the hand

C. intrinsic muscles of the foot

When the knee is being flexed, what is the fulcrum? A. femur B. weight of lower leg and foot C. knee joint D. tibia E. contraction of quadriceps femoris

C. knee joint

During the "sliding filament mechanism", what changes? A. the width of the A band B. individual lengths of the thin filaments C. length of the sarcomeres D. length of thick filaments

C. length of the sarcomeres

The contractile organelles of a skeletal fiber are __ which are composed of repeating units called__ A. myocytes, fascicles B. sarcomeres, myofibrils C. myofibrils, sarcomeres D. fascicles, myocytes

C. myofibrils, sarcomeres

Choose the correct levels of organization within a skeletal muscle from SMALLEST TO LARGEST A. skeletal, muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilaments B. myofibril, myofilament, muscle fiber, fascicle, skeletal muscle C. myofilament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle, skeletal muscle D. myofilament, myofibril, fascicle, muscle fiber, skeletal muscle

C. myofilament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle, skeletal muscle

The attachment of a muscle's tendon to the stationary bone is called __; the attachment of the muscle's other tendon to the movable bone is called the __ A. origin, action B. insertion, action C. origin, insertion D. insertion, origin

C. origin, insertion

Which abdominal muscle aids in urination? A. internal oblique B. external oblique C. rectus abdominis

C. rectus abdominis

A tumor of skeletal muscle, occurring mostly in children, highly malignant is A. plantar fascilitis B. vestibular venesection C. rhabdomyosarcoma D. spastic paralytic sarcoma E. splenomandibularity

C. rhabdomyosarcoma

Why will an individual who lifts weights build larger muscles? A. skeletal muscles are hyperplasic and respond to stress B. skeletal muscle myofibrils and cells increase in number C. skeletal muscle increase number of myofibrils but not numbers of cells D. skeletal muscles signal satellite cells to increase number of cells

C. skeletal muscles increase number of myofibrils but not numbers of cells

Resist fatigue A. fast glycolytic B. fast oxidative glycolytic C. slow oxidative

C. slow oxidative

The type of muscle tissue that does not have the capacity to undergo considerable hyperplasia is A. skeletal tissue B. cardiac tissue C. smooth tissue

C. smooth tissue

Skeletal muscle contraction is triggered to begin when calcium is released from A. myofibrils B. mitochondria C. terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum D. t-tubules

C. terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum

About how many muscles are in the adult human body? A. 206 B. 365 C. 457 D. 700 E. 135 fewer less than the infant due to fusing of bones F. not sure, we lose track every time we start to count

D. 700

Which region of a sarcomere contains thin filaments? A. I band B. A band C. H zone D. Both I band and A band

D. Both I band and A band

In skeletal muscles, thin filaments are primarily __ and thick filaments are primarily __ A. myosin, actin B. myosin, myosin C. actin, actin D. actin, myosin

D. actin, myosin

After prolonged strenuous exercise has stopped, heavy breathing will often continue for several A. convert the lactic acid produced during exercise back into glycogen B. resynthesize creatine phosphate C. replace oxygen displaced from muscle myoglobin D. all of these are correct

D. all of these are correct

Which of the following is not one of the three groups of muscles constituting the INTRINSIC muscles of the hand A. thenar B. hypothenar C. intermediate D. anterior scalenes

D. anterior scalenes

Wraps around groups of muscles

D. epimysium

Tim ate something that is not agreeing with his digestive tract. He needs to go to the bathroom to defecate, but there is a line for the restroom. What muscle helps keep the anal canal and anus closed? A. bulbospongious B. isochiocavernosus C. obturator internus D. external anal sphincter E. sphincter urethrovaginalis

D. external anal sphincter

This type of muscle works by stabilizing the origin of the prime mover so that the prime mover can move more efficiently A. synergist B. compartmentalist C. secondary mover D. fixator E. antagonist

D. fixator

Due to the muscle attachments, a fracture to the ischial tuberosity would affect what lower limb movement? A. adduction of the thigh B. dorsiflexion of the foot C. extension of the leg D. flexion of the leg E. abduction of the thigh

D. flexion of the leg

Which of the following is NOT a source of ATP production in the muscle cell? A. creatine B. anaerobic glycolysis C. aerobic respiration D. somite differentiation

D. somite differentiation

What structures firmly hold the tendons of the anterior compartment muscles to the ankle? A. gastronemius B. quadriceps femoris C. splenius D. superior and inferior extensor retinacula

D. superior and inferior extensor retinacula

A brief contraction of all muscle fibers in a motor unit in response to a single action potential moving down the somatic motor neuron is known as A. unfused tetanus B. fused tetanus C. wave summation D. refractory period E. twitch contraction

E. twitch contraction

The diaphragm has three major openings, aortic hiatus, esophageal hiatus, and __

caval opening

What are the four properties of muscles tissue as listed in the text

electrical excitability, extensiblity, contractility, and elasticity

How are muscles grouped? One word

function

Name the four functions of muscular tissue listed in the text

generating heat, protection, movement, and stabilizing body positions

List four of the seven characteristics used to name muscles

location, size, origin and insertion, and shape

The majority of muscles that move the femur originate on the __ and insert on the __

pelvic girdle; femur

The four main factors associated with back injury are amount of force, repetition, stress applied to the backbone and __

posture

Define motor unit, in other words, what are the components of a motor unit?

stimulates the neurons in the muscle fibers