Final (new material) Panopto Question

Thickness of stratum corneum is: 100 -150 um 10-15 um 2-5 um 0.6-2 mm

10-15 um

Size of solid particles in suspensions and liquid globules in emulsions is generally in the range of: 10-50 microns 1-10 nm < 1 nm 0.5 - 10 microns

10-50 microns Suspensions and emulsions have coarse particles in the range of 10-50 microns.

Beyond Use Date for gels under refrigeration conditions is usually: 30 days 14 days 7 days 28 days

14 days

An optimum viscosity of an ophthalmic DDS should be in the range of: 5-10 cP 1-5 cP 8-12 cP 15-25 cP

15-25 cP

The beyond use date for most of the i.v. admixtures has traditionally been given as: 12 hours 24 hours 36 hours 48 hours

24 hours

How may minimum ingredients are required to prepare an emulsion? 2 4 3 4

3 Dispersed phase, dispersion medium, emulsifier or emulsifying agent

ISO class 5 implies that there must not be more than how many particle per cubic meter: 3,520 35.2 352 35,200

3,520

In the non-blinked state, the eye can accommodate about: 100 uL of solution 50 uL of solution 30 uL of solution 10 uL of solution

30 uL of solution

In 4:2:1 method, each of these numbers stand for: oil, water, gum, respectively water, oil, gum, respectively gum, oil, water, respectively

4 parts of oil + 2 parts of water + 1 part of gum

The pH of the skin is around: 5 10 2-4 7.5

5

Which of the following ointment bases consist of w/o emulsions? Oleaginous Absorption Water removable Water soluble

Absorption

In the fusion method for preparing ointments, one should: Always melt the ingredient with the highest melting point first Water phase must be at the temperature higher than the oil phase For oil in water emulsion, slowly add oil in the water phase For water in oil emulsion, slowly add water in the oil phase All of the above

All of the above

Nasal route can be used for: Localised drug delivery Systemic drug delivery Targeted delivery into the CNS All of the above

All of the above

Topical drug delivery systems include the systems that deliver the drug into: Skin Nasal mucosa Rectum Vagina All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following dosage forms can be administered via otic route? Solutions Suspensions Ointments All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following drugs cannot cross the stratum corneum passively? Drug with log P of -1.2 Drug with 1500 Da molecular weight Drug with melting point of 325 degree celsius All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following affect the rate at which particles in the suspension settle? Particle size Particle density Dispersion medium density and viscosity All of the above

All of the above All the above factors affect the settling rate of particles based on the Stokes Law.

Which of the following is a disadvantage/challenge with ophthalmic drug delivery systems. Frequent administration Only small drug quantities can be delivered Low bioavailability Hard to deliver the drugs to the back of the eye All of the above are disadvantages of ophthalmic drug delivery systems

All of the above are disadvantages of ophthalmic drug delivery systems

Which of the following is true about rectal suppositories? They are used for localised and systemic drug delivery The pH of the suppositories can change the pH of the rectal fluids as the latter has zero buffering capacity A hydrophilic drug would release faster when dispersed in a lipophilic base such as cocoa butter. Colonic content affects the absorption of drugs from rectal suppositories. All of the above are true.

All of the above are true.

Which of the following strategies can help in enhancing emulsion stability? Decrease globule size Increase amount of emulsifying agent Increase viscosity of dispersion medium All of the above

All the above

Which of the following are the advantages offered by the suspension formulations: Can help to mask the bitter taste of drugs Render stability to the drugs that may be chemically unstable in the solution form Being liquid dosage forms, they are preferred over solid tablets and capsules by the elderly and pediatric patients All the above are correct

All the above are correct

Which of the following combinations for testing of parenterals are correct? Ampules leaker test: Quality control Direct inoculation: Sterility testing RODAC test: Environment monitoring Rabbit test: Pyrogen testing All the above are correct.

All the above are correct.

Which of the following statements is true? Creams depict pseudoplastic flow Lotions are fluid oil in water or water in oil type emulsions Creams are easier to spread and remove than oleaginous ointment bases All the above are true

All the above are true

Which of the following is not a type of chemical incompatibility? Hydrolysis Oxidation complexation All the above are types of chemical incompatibility

All the above are types of chemical incompatibility

Which of the following are not used as vaginal or rectal DDS? Capsules Gels Rings Enemas Inserts All the above can be used

All the above can be used

Which of the following statements is true? Dispersed phase in emulsions in liquid and so is the dispersion medium Dispersed phase in suspensions is solid, while the dispersion medium is liquid Dispersed phase is the discontinuous phase Dispersion medium is the continuous phase All the above statements are true

All the above statements are true

Which of the following statements are true? Flocculated suspensions are redispersable Deflocculated suspensions consist of a cake of particles that is not dispersible after settling down. Sedimentation volume of flocculated suspensions is higher than deflocculated systems. Degree of flocculation is the ratio of sedimentation volume of flocculated suspension to that of the deflocculated suspension. All the statements are true.

All the above statements are true.

Which of the following excipients can enhance the viscosity of a suspension? Bentonite Acacia gum Carbomers All the above

All the excipients mentioned are used as viscosity builders in a suspension.

The most preferred method of sterilizing ophthalmic drug delivery systems is: Filtration Autoclaving Dry heat Use of ethylene oxide

Autoclaving

Which type of water is used for preparation of multiple dose SVPs? Water for injection Bacteriostatic water for injection Purified water Sterile purified water

Bacteriostatic water for injection

Which of the following preservatives should not ideally be used in dosage forms for neonates? Phenyl mercuric nitrate Methyl paraben Propyl paraben Benzyl alcohol

Benzyl alcohol

The most stable polymorphic form of cocoa butter is: Beta Beta prime Alpha Gamma

Beta form has melting point closest to body temperature and is hence, preferred.

Which of the following is an extravascular route of drug administration? Subcutaneous Intramuscular Intracardiac Both a and b

Both a and b

Which of the following techniques create micron-sized channels in the skin? Microneedles Ablative laser Iontophoresis Both a and b

Both a and b

Which of the following instabilities in emulsions are reversible? Creaming Aggregation Coaslescence Both a and b

Both a and b Aggregation and creaming can be reversed; coalescence is permanent breaking or cracking of emulsion

Surfactants in a suspension can have the following roles and functions: Wetting Promoting flocculation Preservative Both a and b

Both a and b Surfactants can act as wetting agents as well as flocculating agents.

Which of the following are true for nasal decongestant solutions? Their should be isotonic with 0.9% sodium chloride concentration pH should be within 5.5-8.5 They can have antimicrobial preservatives included in them. Both a and c

Both a and c

The sedimentation rate of suspension particles can be reduced by: Increasing the particle diameter Reducing the particle diameter Increasing the viscosity of the medium Both b and c are true

Both b and c are true Settling rate is directly related to particle diameter and inversely related to viscosity of the medium.

Which of the following are not the active strategies to enhance drug delivery: Microneedles Chemical enhancers Iontophoresis Ultrasound

Chemical enhancers

Filling of parenterals must be performed in: Class 1000 area Class 10,000 area Class 100 area Class 10 area

Class 100 area

Suspensions and emulsions are: Colloidal dispersions Coarse dispersions Fine dispersions Solutions

Coarse dispersions Suspensions and emulsions have coarse particles in the range of 10 -50 microns and are hence, coarse dispersions.

Theobroma oil or cocoa butter as a suppository base is preferred for incorporating: Lipophilic drugs Hydrophilic drugs

Cocoa butter itself is lipophilic and hence, can be used for incorporating hydrophilic drugs for easy release.

What is sterilization?

Complete destruction of all living organisms and their spores or their complete removal from the preparation

Which of the following methods can not be used for compounding suppositories in a compounding lab? Fusion Hand rolling Compression Double casting

Compression method is employed at manufacturing scale.

Autoclaving kills microbes by: Dehydration followed by oxidation Denaturation of proteins Cross linking DNA and RNA Both a and c

Denaturation of proteins

What type of inter-particle forces exist in the mechanism of gelation involving gelatin. Ion-dipole Vander-Waals Dipole-dipole All of the above

Dipole-dipole

This method for suppository preparation takes the longest but is the most accurate. Fusion Double casting Hand rolling Compression

Double casting

Which of the following sterilization techniques is used for sterilizing glassware? Autoclaving Dry heat using an oven Filtration Ethylene oxide

Dry heat using an oven

All ophthalmic DDS are not sterile. True False

False

It is fine to use a heating blanket, while wearing a transdermal patch. True False

False

Mucociliary clearance is not a barrier for drug absorption and delivery via nasal route. True False

False

Typical target for SAL is 10-5 (10 to the power of -5) True False

False

You should always pour the ointment into the jar or tube when its hot. True False

False

It is a normal practice to store emulsions in a freezer. True False

False Emulsions should not be stored in a freezer, hence are labeled "PROTECT FROM FREEZING"

Extemporaneous compounding of suspensions from other dosage forms such as capsules and tablets is not feasible. True False

False It is possible to compound a suspension using the capsule contents or tablets, for if the pure drug is not available.

PEGs are only available as liquids. True False

False PEGs with molecular weight greater than around 800 are solids.

The measure of the outer diameter of the needle shaft is: millimeters Gauge Poise Newton

Gauge

When should the drug displacement values for the suppository base (based on density) be taken into account? When the drug is for systemic effect When the density difference between the drug and base is quite significant When the drug % is 2 or more in the suppository base In all the above cases

In all the above cases

Drugs or combinations of drugs delivered into the nasal passage (site of action) due to their high vapor pressure are: Nebulizers Aerosols Inhalants Both b and c

Inhalants

Application of current to deliver the drugs into the body is called as : Iontophoresis Electroporation Ionisation Ultrosonic delivery

Iontophoresis

Newtonian flow is depicted by: Lotions Creams Ointments Pastes

Lotions

Which of the following levigating agents would you use for preparing an w/o type of ointment? Glycerin water Mineral oil Propylene glycol

Mineral oil

Which of the following parenterals contain a preservative? Single dose SVPs Multi-dose SVPs LVPs Both a and b

Multi-dose SVP

For iontophoretic delivery of a negatively charged drug, what polarity would you apply at the drug reservoir? Positive Negative Neutral

Negative

The devices can provide drug delivery into the eye for an extended time like 7 days are: Ocular inserts Ointments Iontophoresis Both a and b

Ocular inserts

Which of the following ointment bases are anhydrous and completely oily and occlusive? Oleaginous Absorption Water removable Water soluble

Oleaginous

What is the definition of Typical target for SAL is 10^-6?

One in a million chance that the item is contaminated

What is the single largest source of product contamination? Air water Personnel Surfaces

Personnel

Dose dumping is associated with: Reservoir patches Matrix patches Monolithic patches Both b and c

Reservoir patches

All the suspensions must have the following instruction included on their labels for sure: Do not refrigerate Shake well before use For External Use Only All the above are applicable to all suspensions

Shake well before use All suspensions must definitely be shaken before use!!

Dead layer of epidermis that poses barrier to drug delivery is: Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum Stratum basale Stratum granulosum

Stratum corneum

Following surfactant can be used to prepare oil in water type of emulsion: Surfactant that has HLB of 2 Surfactant that has HLB of 12 Surfactant that has HLB of 3 Both a and c

Surfactant that has HLB of 12 Surfactants with HLB of 8-18 can be used for preparing oil in water emulsions.

Oozing out of the dispersion medium and shrinkage of the gels is referred to as: Syneresis Swelling Imbibition Thixotropy

Syneresis

Drug delivery from reservoir patches across the rate controlling membrane is: Patient controlled System controlled Skin controlled None of the above

System controlled

What is the definition of Sterility Assurance Level (SAL)?

The probability of sterility quoted for pharmaceutical items

Polyethylene and glycerinated gelatin are both: Water insoluble Occlusive Water soluble and miscible Oily

They are both soluble in water and release the drug post-dissolution.

One of the initial steps (to start with) in preparing a suspension formulation is: To add a preservative to the dispersion medium To wet the drug with a suitable agent such as glycerin, surfactants, etc. To add coloring and flavoring agents to alcohol and then add drug Either of the above can be the first step, depends on case to case

To wet the drug with a suitable agent such as glycerin, surfactants, etc. The first step is to wet the active agent using an appropriate wetting agent such as glycerin, propylene glycol, alcohol or surfactants so as to replace the air gaps between the solid particles and liquid dispersion medium.

Colloid mill results in formation of smaller and uniform sized globules in an emulsion as compared to a mixer. True False

True

HEPA fliters can remove at least 99.97% of dust, pollen, mold, bacteria, and other airborne particles with a size of > 0.3 microns. True False

True

Injectables can be available in dry powders that would have to be constituted or reconstituted with sterile water for injection before administration. True False

True

It is possible to deliver the drugs systemically via nasal mucosa. True False

True

Nasal sprays can be used for both local and systemic drug delivery. True False

True

Ointments must be made of ingredients that can soften easily at the body temperature and release the drug. True False

True

Otic preparations are designed for localized delivery of drugs. True False

True

Parabens should not be included as preservatives in the parenterals containing iron salts. True False

True

Transdermal drug delivery bypasses first pass metabolism. True False

True

Vaginal suppositories are available in varied shapes. True False

True

Increasing the particle density, keeping the dispersion medium constant increases the rate of settling of particles in the suspension. True False

True Difference in the Particle density and density of the dispersion medium is directly proportional to the settling rate, and hence increasing the particle density will increase the settling rate of the particles.

Decrease in viscosity of the dispersion medium can reduce emulsion stability. True False

True Rate of settling and viscosity are inversely proportional and hence, with reduced viscosity, the rate of settling would increase making the emulsion unstable

Smaller oil globule size in an oil-in-water emulsion renders higher therapeutic efficacy. True False

True Reduction in globule size renders the oil more digestible and enhances absorption.

Deflocculated suspensions are pharmaceutically elegant, yet not the systems of choice. True False

True Deflocculated suspensions have particles that are caked and are not redipersable, even though in appearance they may appear elegant.

The internal phase in an emulsion can be more than 50% by volume. True False

True, it can be a maximum of 74%.

Rectal route of drug delivery bypasses the first pass hepatic effect? True False

True, when administered via rectal route, the drug does not have to go through the first pass effect.

Which of the following ointment bases include o/w emulsions. Oleaginous Absorption Water removable Water soluble

Water removable

Ointment bases consisting of polyethylene glycols are: Water soluble bases Water removable Oleaginous Absorption

Water soluble bases

Following is not a characteristic of an ideal suspension: Easily redispersable by gentle shaking Particles settle down slowly Wide distribution in particle size Easily pourable

Wide distribution in particle size Ideal suspension will have a narrow distribution of particle size as that will reduce the tendency of the particles to clump together and will provide long-term stability to the suspension

Which of the following would be the most likely role of sodium chloride in a suspension? wetting agent flocculating agent preservative Both a and b

flocculating agent Sodium chloride is an electrolyte that may reduce the Zeta potential and result in formation of floccules.

An IV fluid with one or more added sterile products for administration is: i.v. admixture Total parenteral nutrition Large volume parenterals i.v. infusion

i.v. admixture

In oil-in-water emulsion, dispersed phase and dispersion medium are: water and oil, respectively oil and water, respectively

oil and water, respectively

Particle size of particles in ophthalmic suspensions must be less than: 10 um 50 um 10 mm 0.05 nm

10 um