Final Practice 2

The hamstring muscles are

(biceps femoris, semimebranosus, semitendinosus)

quadricep muscles are..

(rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius) extend the knee.

What is the antagonist muscle for the standing dumbbell press?

Latissimus dorsi

What makes an exercise plyometric? A. Its speed B. Its distance C. Its intensity D. All the above

a-Plyometric contractions are those that use the stretch shortening cycle with a contact period of less than 0.3 seconds.

What is mobility? A. Range of motion at a joint in a single plane B. Ability of the body to move through full range during multi-joint movement C. The ability of a joint to move in all directions D. The relationship of movement capabilities between agonist and antagonist muscles

b

What is the term that reflects appropriate force capabilities across all directions of a joint? A. Power ratio B. Strength balance C. Movement force equilibrium D. Dynamic balance

b-

Which of the following is the definition of muscular strength? A. The body's ability to use oxygen to perform work B. The highest force that can be produced by a muscle or muscle group C. The time it takes to move a body part between two points D. The ability to remain stable while moving quickly

b-

Which type of muscle fiber is largest and has the fastest firing rate? A. Type I B. Type II C. Type III D. All are the same

b-

Aerobic exercise is fueled by mixing mainly sugar and fat with _________. A. Carbon B. Oxygen C. Nitrogen D. Calcium

b-Aerobic means with oxygen. Aerobic metabolism breaks sugar (glucose), fats (triglycerides), and proteins (amino acids) down and combines them with oxygen in the mitochondria to form ATP

A muscle will lengthen during what type of contraction? A. Concentric B. Eccentric C. Isometric D. Static

b-Contractions that lengthen the muscle are called the eccentric contractions. Contractions that shorten the muscle are referred to as concentric contractions.

What type of fatigue is caused by not having enough energy within working muscles? A. Acute fatigue B. Peripheral fatigue C. Central fatigue D. Overtraining fatigue

b-Muscle fatigue occurs acutely when too much hydrogen is released and builds in the tissue causing an acidic environment that shuts down enzyme activity. It also occurs as peripheral fatigue due to a lack of energy in the muscle cells to support ongoing work at the relative intensity. Central fatigue occurs in the central nervous system. Overtraining is an example of prolonged central fatigue combined with peripheral factors including the immune system disruption that can last months.

A person who sits at their desk all day for their job is most likely to have what condition? A. Obesity B. Tight hip flexors C. Low metabolism D. Tight hamstrings

b-Sitting at a desk promotes tight hip flexors and tight knee extensors. The flexed position of the hips and knees for long periods shortens the tissue length.

The anaerobic system uses __________ for energy. A. Protein B. Sugar C. Oxygen D. Fat

b-While aerobic energy can be produced from any energy substrate following metabolic preparation, only sugar can be used by muscles anaerobically

What movement is commonly compromised in the elderly? A. Arm flexion B. Shoulder flexion C. Spinal extension D. Knee extension

c

Which of the following attaches muscle to bone? A. Ligament B. Cartilage C. Tendon D. Fascia

c

What is heart rate reserve? A. The amount of blood remaining in the left ventricle after a contraction B. The difference between the heart rate and the hearts capacity C. The value between resting heart rate and maximal heart rate D. The variation of beats between predicted and actual heart rate

c-

What part of the spine experiences the most injury? A. Cervical vertebrae B. Thoracic vertebrae C. Lumbar vertebrae D. All parts of the spine have the same ris

c-

Protein synthesis promotes the greatest gains in muscle mass through which of the following means? A. Creatine supplementation B. Protein consumption C. Anabolic hormones D. Aerobic enzyme activity

c-Anabolic hormones, like testosterone, HGH, and insulin-like growth factor, signal to cells to promote protein synthesis. Increased concentrations of these hormones promote gains in muscle mass.

What is systolic blood pressure? A. The blood pressure measured in veins B. The blood pressure reading when the heart is at rest C. The blood pressure reading when the heart contracts D. The muscle's blood pressure

c-Systolic blood pressure is the measurement of the assessed artery when the heart contracts.

What system of the body controls muscle adaptations for strength? A. Cardiovascular system B. Endocrine system C. Nervous system D. Metabolic system

c-The nervous system controls all muscle activity. Without signals from nerves, muscles cannot produce force. The nervous system controls movement efficiency, strength, power, speed, balance, agility, and coordination.

All of the following are hamstring muscles, except? A. Bicep femoris B. Semimebranosus C. Semitendinosus D. Vastus intermedius

d

Resting heart rates that are consistently measured at or above ____ beats per min require a medical referral. A. 75 B. 85 C. 90 D. 100

d

Which of the following adaptations take 5-7 weeks to occur? A. Improvements in VO2max B. Reduction of fat mass C. Nervous system improvements D. Improvements in lean mass

d

What affect does dehydration have on exercise? A. Reduces effort B. Increases heart rate C. Reduces force production D. All the above

d-

What is gluconeogenesis? A. The use of sugar as fuel B. The formation of fat from glucose C. The production of cholesterol in the liver D. The conversion of a non-sugar to a sugar

d-

Landing from a jump requires strong ________ contractions in order to prevent the body from collapsing. A. Concentric B. Isometric C. Ballistic D. Eccentric

d-Contractions that occur to decelerate a movement are called eccentric contractions. Concentric contractions accelerate movements and isometric contractions produce no movement.

All are normal movements of the trunk, except? A. Flexion B. Extension C. Rotation D. Adduction

d-The actions of the trunk are based on the movement capabilities of the spine. The spine has the ability to flex forward, extend backward laterally flex and rotate.