Final Review 1B

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The clash between President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the United States Supreme Court over New Deal laws best illustrates the operation of: 1. federalism 2. due process 3. checks and balances 4. the two-party system

The creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority is an example of: 1. federal intervention to meet regional needs 2. state-funded regional transportation 3. free-market capitalism 4. laissez-faire economics

The demand for German war reparations by the European Allies helps to explain the failure of the peace settlement following 1. World War I 2. World War II 3. the Korean War 4. the Vietnam War

Which newspaper headline would have appeared during the Reconstruction Period after the Civil War? 1. "Jim Crow Laws End" 2. "Former Slaves Made Citizens" 3. "Supreme Court Issues Dred Scott Decision" 4. "Emancipation Proclamation Issued"

The slogan "Eight hours for work, eight hours for sleep, eight hours for what we will" was used in the late 1800s to promote a major goal of: 1. farmers 2. politicians 3. industrialists 4. organized labor

The strongest opposition to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs came from 1. western farmers 2. business leaders 3. factory workers 4. recent immigrants

". . . This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of Wealth: First, to set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display or extravagance; to provide moderately for the legitimate wants of those dependent upon him; and after doing so to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer, and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which, in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community— . . ." — Andrew Carnegie, "Wealth," North American Review, June 1889 According to this passage, the responsibility of the wealthy is to 1. invest in future industry to increase wealth 2. share their excess wealth with the community 3. maintain a lifestyle consistent with their wealth 4. influence government to assist all people

"A house divided against itself cannot stand. . . . I do not expect the Union to be dissolved; I do not expect the house to fall; but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other. . . ." -Abraham Lincoln, 1858 The "divided house" referred to in this speech was caused primarily by: 1. expansionism 2. war with Mexico 3. slavery 4. the suffrage movement

"A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free." -Abraham Lincoln, 1858 According to this quotation, Abraham Lincoln believed that: 1. slavery was immoral and should be abolished immediately 2. sectional differences threatened to destroy the Union 3. the Southern states should be allowed to secede 4. to save the nation, the North should compromise with the South on slavery

"Although important strides were made, Reconstruction failed to provide lasting guarantees of the civil rights of the freedmen." Which evidence best supports this statement: 1. passage of Jim Crow laws in the latter part of the 19th century 2. ratification of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments 3. refusal of Southern States to allow sharecropping 4. passage of the Civil Rights Acts of 1866

"But today we are raising more than we can consume. Today we are making more than we can use. Today our industrial society is congested; there are more workers than there is work; there is more capital than there is investment. We do not need more money—we need more circulation, more employment. Therefore, we must find new markets for our produce, new occupation for our capital, new work for our labor. . . ." — Senator Albert J. Beveridge, 1898 This statement provides a reason why political leaders of the late 1800s adopted the policy of: 1. imperialism 2. isolationism 3. protectionism 4. collective security

"By the 1850's, the Constitution, originally framed as an instrument of national unity, had become a source of sectional discord." This quotation suggests that: 1. vast differences of opinion existed over the issue of States rights 2. the Federal Government had become more interested in foreign affairs than in domestic problems 3. the Constitution had no provisions for governing new territories 4. the Southern States continued to import slaves

"Compromise Enables Maine and Missouri To Enter Union" (1820) "California Admitted to Union as Free State" (1850) "Kansas-Nebraska Act Sets Up Popular Sovereignty" (1854) Which issue is reflected in these headlines? 1. enactment of protective tariffs 2. extension of slavery 3. voting rights for minorities 4. universal public education

"Labor Leaders Executed for Causing Haymarket Riot" "State Militia Called In To End Homestead Strike" "1,000 Jailed as Silver Miners Protest Wage Cuts" Which statement about labor unions in the late 1800s is illustrated by these headlines? 1. Strikes by labor unions usually gained public support. 2. The government frequently opposed labor union activities. 3. Labor union demands were usually met. 4. Arbitration was commonly used to end labor unrest.

"No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges . . . of citizens . . . nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. . . ." The major purpose of these provisions of the 14th Amendment was to: 1. limit the power of the federal government 2. expand the civil rights of women 3. maintain competition in business 4. protect the rights of African Americans

"Prices and wages should be determined by the marketplace." The author of this statement would most probably support: 1. government ownership of utilities 2. minimum-wage laws 3. wage and price controls 4. laissez-faire capitalism

"Section 202. (a) Every qualified individual shall be entitled to receive.. . on the date he attains the age of sixty-five,.. . and ending on the date of his death, an old-age benefit. . ." A major purpose of this section of Federal legislation was to: 1. guarantee an annual income to experienced employees 2. assure adequate medical care for the elderly 3. reward workers for their support of the union movement 4. provide economic assistance to retired workers

"We are to be an instrument in the hands of God to see that liberty is made secure for mankind." -President Woodrow Wilson President Wilson tried to carry out the idea expressed in this quotation by: 1. protesting the sinking of the Lusitania 2. proposing a program of civil rights for minorities in American society 3. urging the Allies to adopt the Fourteen Points 4. taking control of territories conquered in World War I

"You cannot extend the mastery of government over the daily working life of the people without, at the same time, making it the master of the people's souls and thought." -President Herbert Hoover The idea expressed in the quotation is a basis for President Hoover's belief that the problems of the Great Depression could best be solved by: 1. nationalizing major industries 2. requiring business to pay a minimum wage to workers 3. relying mostly on private enterprise and individual initiative to improve economic conditions 4. creating government job programs for the unemployed

A common characteristic of third political parties in the United States is that they: 1. tend to focus on one person or one issue 2. come into existence only during periods of corruption 3. have dealt mainly with foreign policy issues 4. have frequently forced Congress to decide Presidential elections

A controversial issue that resulted from World War II was the: 1. future role of the League of Nations 2. morality of nuclear warfare 3. commitment of troops without congressional approval 4. civilian control of the military

A lasting result of the New Deal in the United States has been the: 1. reduction of the national debt 2. control of stock prices by the Federal Government 3. joint effort of business and labor to strengthen the Presidency 4. assumption by the Federal Government of greater responsibility for the nation's well-being

A main purpose of President Theodore Roosevelt's trustbusting policies was to: 1. reduce corruption in government 2. save the nation's banks 3. encourage competition in business 4. end strikes by labor unions

A main purpose of government-ordered rationing during World War II was to: 1. increase foreign trade 2. limit the growth of industry 3. conserve raw materials for the war effort 4. encourage women to enter the workforce

A major cause of the growth of state and Federal highway systems after World War II was the: 1. increased use of mass transit systems 2. growing prosperity of inner-city areas 3. rapid development of suburbs 4. return of city dwellers to farm areas

A major cause of the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II was: 1. national segregation policies 2. immigration quotas 3. racial prejudice 4. economic depression

A major criticism of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's programs to combat the Great Depression was that these programs: 1. reduced the power of the Federal Government 2. ignored the plight of homeowners with mortgages 3. provided too much protection for big business 4. made people dependent on the Federal Government

A major effect of the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act, 1935) was that labor unions: 1. were soon controlled by large corporations 2. experienced increasing difficulty in gaining new members 3. obtained the right to bargain collectively 4. lost the right to strike

A major goal of the immigration acts of the 1920s was to: 1. allow unlimited immigration from Southeast Asia 2. assure equal numbers of immigrants from all nations 3. favor wealthy and well-educated immigrants 4. use quotas to limit immigration from southern and eastern Europe

A major reason for creating the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in 1933 was to: 1. build and manage a turnpike in the valley 2. provide health care benefits for southerners 3. encourage African Americans to settle in the valley 4. improve economic conditions in a poor rural region

A major reason for the isolationist trend in the United States following World War I was: 1. a desire to continue the reforms of the Progressives 2. the public's desire to end most trade with other nations 3. the failure of the United States to gain new territory 4. a disillusionment over the outcomes of the war

A major reason the Radical Republicans opposed President Abraham Lincoln's Reconstruction plan was that his plan: 1. demanded payments from the South that would have damaged its economy 2. postponed the readmission of Southern States into the Union for many years 3. granted too many rights to formerly enslaved persons 4. offered amnesty to nearly all Confederates who would swear allegiance to the United States

A major result of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal was: 1. a decline in the Federal deficit 2. an expansion of the power of the Federal Government 3. a change in the voting rights of women 4. a reinstitution of the gold standard for United States currency

A major result of the Civil War was that the: 1. economic system of the South came to dominate the United States economy 2. Federal Government's power over the States was strengthened 3. members of Congress from Southern States gained control of the legislative branch 4. nation's industrial development came to a standstill

A negative effect of holding companies, mergers, and pools on the United States during the late 19th century was that these combinations: 1. encouraged the Federal Government to spend more than its income 2. reduced the need for labor unions 3. decreased competition between businesses 4. ended United States participation in inter-national trade

A significant cause of the Great Depression of the 1930's was that: 1. some banking policies were unsound and had led to the over-expansion of credit 2. a decrease in protective tariffs had opened American business to competition from abroad 3. a wave of violent strikes had paralyzed the major industries 4. consumer goods were relatively inexpensive

A significant contribution to the industrialization of the United States was Henry Ford's development of: 1. the assembly line 2. electric-powered vehicles 3. the first holding company 4. a new process for making steel

A violation of civil rights that occurred in the United States during World War II was the: 1. arrests made as a result of the Palmer raids 2. passage of an open immigration law 3. internment of Japanese Americans 4. forced removal of Native American Indians from their reservations

According to the theory of laissez faire, the economy functions best when the government: 1. subsidizes business so that it can compete worldwide 2. regulates businesses for the good of the majority 3. owns major industries 4. does not interfere in business

After World War I, the opposition of some Members of Congress to the Versailles Treaty was based largely on the idea that the Treaty 1. did not punish the Central Powers harshly enough 2. did not give the United States an important role in world affairs 3. would require the United States to join the League of Nations and might result in a loss of United States sovereignty 4. would require the United States to assume the cost of rebuilding the war-torn European economies

After World War I, which factor was the major cause of the migration of many African Americans to the North? 1. the start of the Harlem Renaissance 2. increased job opportunities in Northern cities 3. laws passed in Northern States to end racial discrimination 4. Federal Government job-training programs

After World War I, why did American farmers fail to share in the general economic growth of the United States? 1. Many immigrants were settling in the west and competing with the farmers. 2. The Federal Government reduced the number of acres on which farmers could grow subsidized crops. 3. Farmers could not produce enough to keep up with demand. 4. Overproduction and competition caused falling prices.

After World War II, the Marshall Plan was proposed as a way to: 1. improve diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union 2. help European nations recover economically 3. remove nuclear weapons from Western Europe 4. bring Nazi war criminals to justice

After World War II, the United States was better able than its allies to adjust its economy from wartime to peacetime because the United States 1. possessed nuclear weapons 2. raised tariffs on imports 3. had collected its war debts from the Allies 4. had suffered no widespread wartime destruction

After the Civil War, one way business leaders tried to eliminate competition was by: 1. forming monopolies or trusts 2. developing overseas markets 3. increasing the prices of their products 4. paying high wages to their workers

After the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, African Americans continued to experience political and economic oppression mainly because: 1. the amendments were not intended to solve their problems 2. many African Americans distrusted the Federal Government 3. Southern legislatures enacted Jim Crow laws 4. poor communications kept people from learning about their legal rights

An important political aim of the Progressive movement was to: 1. guarantee government jobs for the unemployed 2. stimulate democratic reforms such as the initiative and the referendum 3. create a unicameral national legislature 4. increase the participation of African Americans in the Federal Government

At the beginning of World War I, President Woodrow Wilson followed a traditional United States foreign policy by: 1. refusing to permit trade with either side in the conflict 2. sending troops to aid Great Britain 3. declaring American neutrality 4. requesting an immediate declaration of war against the aggressors

At the turn of the century, why did most immigrants to the United States settle in cities? 1. Jobs were readily available. 2. Government relief programs required immigrants to settle in cities. 3. Labor union leaders encouraged unrestricted immigration. 4. Immigrants were not permitted to buy farmland.

Base your answer to the question below on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. "[The registrar] brought a big old book out there, and he gave me the sixteenth section of the constitution of Mississippi, . . . I could copy it like it was in the book, but after I got through copying it, he told me to give a reasonable interpretation and tell the meaning of the section I had copied. Well, I flunked out." Source: A History of the United States since 1861 The main intent of the literacy test described in the passage was to: 1. encourage reform of the political system 2. encourage Mississippi residents to learn about their state's legal system 3. prevent African Americans from exercising a basic right 4. enforce the provisions of the United States Constitution

Before the Civil War, slavery expanded in the South rather than in the North because: 1. the Constitution contained a clause that outlawed the importation of slaves into the Northern states 2. Congress passed a law forbidding slavery in the North 3. Northern states passed affirmative action legislation 4. geographic conditions in the South encouraged the development of large plantations

Between 1870 and 1920, the federal government placed few restrictions on immigration primarily because it wanted to: 1. sell land in the West 2. recruit men for the military 3. ensure that there would be workers for the factories 4. avoid offending foreign governments

Between 1890 and 1915, the majority of immigrants to the United States were labeled "new immigrants" because they were: 1. considered physically and mentally superior to earlier immigrants 2. forced to settle in the cities of the Midwest 3. from China, Japan, and other Asian countries 4. culturally different from most earlier immigrants

Both the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act were passed in response to the problem of: 1. companies refusing to hire minority workers 2. businesses choosing to hire illegal immigrants 3. unsafe working conditions in factories 4. business combinations limiting competition

Businesses formed trusts, pools, and holding companies mainly to: 1. increase profits by eliminating competition 2. offer a wide range of goods and services to consumers 3. provide employment opportunities for minorities 4. protect the interests of workers

Congress has attempted to deal with the issue of taxing citizens fairly by enacting a: 1. high tariff 2. property tax 3. sales tax 4. graduated income tax

Constitutional amendments adopted during Reconstruction were intended to: 1. provide legal and political rights for African Americans 2. end property and religious qualifications for voting 3. correct problems with the electoral college system 4. limit the number of terms of the president

Convictions of war criminals by courts at Tokyo and Nuremberg following World War II showed that: 1. government officials and military leaders could be held accountable for their actions 2. the United Nations accepted responsibility for international peacekeeping 3. the League of Nations could successfully enforce international law 4. nations that start wars would be forced to rebuild war-torn nations

Critics charged that President Franklin D. Roosevelt's plan to increase the number of Supreme Court Justices was clearly in conflict with: 1. the Supreme Court's practice of judicial restraint 2. the constitutional principle of checks and balances 3. attempts of Congress to limit judicial responsibilities 4. efforts to restrict the number of terms a President could serve

Deficit spending by the Federal Government as a means of reviving the economy is based on the idea that: 1. purchasing power will increase and economic growth will be stimulated 2. only the National Government can operate businesses efficiently 3. the National Government should turn its revenue over to the states 4. lower interest rates will encourage investment

During President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) were created as a way to: 1. provide jobs to those who were unemployed 2. raise revenue for relief and recovery programs 3. limit risks associated with savings and investments 4. implement the new income tax amendment

During President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration, which situation was viewed by critics as a threat to the principle of separation of powers? 1. changing the date of the Presidential inauguration 2. congressional support of banking legislation 3. proposing the expansion of Supreme Court membership 4. passage of Social Security legislation

During Reconstruction, the Black Codes passed by Southern states were attempts to: 1. provide land to former slaves 2. punish former Confederate leaders 3. repeal the Jim Crow laws 4. deny equal rights to African Americans

During World War I, many American women helped gain support for the suffrage movement by: 1. protesting against the war 2. joining the military service 3. lobbying for child-care facilities 4. working in wartime industries

During World War II, many Japanese Americans living on the West Coast were relocated to detention centers primarily because they: 1. were known spies for Japan 2. were seen as a security threat 3. refused to serve in the United States military 4. expressed their support for Italy and Germany

During World War II, many women experienced a change in role in that they: 1. served in military combat positions 2. worked in jobs formerly held by men 3. controlled most corporations 4. chaired several congressional committees

During World War II, posters of Rosie the Riveter were used to: 1. recruit women into wartime industries 2. encourage women to serve in the armed forces 3. promote women's suffrage 4. support higher education for women

During World War II, the federal government used rationing to: 1. hold down prices of military weapons 2. increase educational benefits for veterans 3. increase imports of scarce products 4. provide more resources for the military

During World War II, women and minorities made economic gains mainly because: 1. a shortage of traditional labor created new opportunities in the workplace 2. more educational opportunities increased the number of skilled workers in these groups 3. labor unions successfully demanded equal opportunities for these groups 4. new civil rights legislation forced businesses to change their hiring practices

During his reelection campaign in 1916, President Woodrow Wilson used the slogan, "He kept us out of war." In April of 1917, Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany. What helped bring about this change? 1. Bolshevik forces increased their strength in Germany and Italy. 2. Britain was invaded by nations of the Central Powers. 3. Russia signed a treaty of alliance with the Central Powers. 4. Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare.

During the 19th century, what was the major reason that an increasing number of states established public schools and passed compulsory education laws? 1. Reformers argued that an educated, literate population was necessary for a successful democracy. 2. The Supreme Court required the states to do so. 3. Most jobs required a high school diploma. 4. The United States had begun a massive program of technical training to enhance its international economic position.

During the Great Depression, expressions such as Hoovervilles and Hoover blankets showed that President Hoover: 1. was seen as a role model 2. used the military to aid the unemployed 3. was blamed for the suffering of the poor 4. supported relief and public housing for the needy

During the late 1800's, labor unions in the United States had their greatest success in: 1. persuading the government to limit most immigration 2. organizing skilled workers into craft unions 3. winning the great majority of strikes 4. achieving a legally guaranteed minimum wage

During the late 1800s, Southern voters solidly supported the Democratic Party primarily because Democrats: 1. favored a stronger national government 2. led efforts to advance civil rights 3. opposed the Jim Crow legal system 4. disliked the Reconstruction programs of the Republicans

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, United States intervention in Latin America was motivated by the United States desire to: 1. protect its growing investments in Latin America 2. encourage Latin American trade with Europe 3. end Latin American independence movements 4. reduce the influence of communism in Latin America

During the late 19th century, Samuel Gompers, Terence Powderly, and Eugene Debs were leaders in the movement to: 1. stop racial segregation of Native American Indians 2. limit illegal immigration 3. gain fair treatment of Native American Indians 4. improve working conditions

During the latter half of the 19th century, many business organizations in the United States combined into large corporations because: 1. income levels for workers would be improved 2. government intervention in economic affairs would decline 3. efficiency in production methods could be increased 4. economic possibilities outside the United States could be explored

During the period from 1865 to 1900, disputes between labor and management were often marked by: 1. the use of violence by both sides 2. cooperative efforts to resolve differences 3. government support of striking workers 4. arbitration by the Federal Government

During the second half of the 1920s, which economic trend was a major cause of the Great Depression? 1. deficits in the federal budget 2. reductions in tariff rates 3. creation of national and state sales taxes 4. overproduction and under consumption

During which period in United States history were the amendments concerning the income tax, direct election of Senators. Prohibition, and women's suffrage enacted? 1. Reconstruction 2. The Gilded Age 3. Progressive Era 4. New Deal

The United States issued the Open Door policy (1899-1900) primarily to: 1. bring democratic government to the Chinese people 2. secure equal trade opportunities in China 3. force China to change its immigration policies 4. use China as a stepping stone to trade with Japan

Early in his Presidency, Abraham Lincoln declared that his primary goal as President was to: 1. enforce the Emancipation Proclamation 2. preserve the Union 3. end slavery throughout the entire country 4. encourage sectionalism

Following Reconstruction, the term New South was most often used to describe: 1. changes in the Southern economy 2. new attitudes in race relations 3. the growth of the Republican Party in the South 4. the decline of the sharecropping system

Following World War I, the United States Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles primarily because the treaty: 1. failed to include most of President Wilson's Fourteen Points 2. did not punish Germany for starting the war 3. contained provisions that might lead the United States into foreign conflicts 4. made no provision for reduction of military weapons

Following the Civil War, many Southern states enacted Black Codes to: 1. provide free farmland for African Americans 2. guarantee equal civil rights for African Americans 3. restrict the rights of formerly enslaved persons 4. support the creation of the Freedmen's Bureau

From 1865 to 1900, how did the growth of industry affect American society? 1. The United States experienced the disappearance of the traditional 2. Population centers shifted from the Northeast to the South 3. Restrictions on immigration created a more homogeneous culture. 4. The percentage of Americans living in urban areas increased.

From 1914 to 1916, as World War I raged in Europe, Americans were not able to remain neutral in thought as well as action mainly because: 1. United States membership in military alliances required the nation to fight 2. United States newspapers encouraged a policy of imperialist expansion 3. the warring powers interfered with the United States right to freedom of the seas 4. President Woodrow Wilson supported the war aims of Germany and Austria-Hungary

How did the power of government change during the Civil War and the Great Depression? 1. Presidential powers were expanded. 2. Congress exerted greater leadership. 3. The Supreme Court expanded civil liberties. 4. Power shifted from the federal government to the states.

How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis (1890) The Jungle, Upton Sinclair (1906) What has been the impact of these authors and their books on American society? 1. Most Americans have developed a preference for escapist and romantic literature. 2. Most American authors have adopted a conservative viewpoint 3. American business has corrected poor conditions quickly. 4. These works have had significant influence on social, political, and economic reforms.

How were many African Americans in the South affected after Reconstruction ended in 1877? 1. A constitutional amendment guaranteed their social advancement. 2. The Freedmen's Bureau helped them become farm owners. 3. Jim Crow laws placed major restrictions on their rights. 4. Southern factories offered them job training and employment opportunities

I took the Canal and let Congress debate." -Theodore Roosevelt This quotation best demonstrates: 1. an effort by a President to maintain a policy of isolationism 2. a decline in the use of militarism as a defense policy 3. an increased reliance on the legislative process 4. a Presidential action that achieved a foreign policy objective

In 1988, Congress voted to pay $20,000 to each of the surviving Americans of Japanese descent who were interned during World War II because: 1. the danger of war with Japan no longer existed 2. all of the interned Japanese Americans eventually became American citizens 3. the World Court ordered the United States to pay reparations 4. many Americans believed the internment was unjust and unnecessary

In Schenck v. United States (1919), the Supreme Court decided that a "clear and present danger" to the country allowed the federal government to: 1. establish a peacetime draft 2. restrict first amendment rights 3. suspend habeas corpus 4. limit minority voting rights

In response to the demands of farmers and small business owners, Congress enacted laws in the late 19th century that: 1. supported the organization of farm cooperatives 2. regulated the activities of railroads and trusts 3. provided direct payments to farmers to help them buy modem machinery 4. dropped tariff rates to the lowest point in the century

In the 1850s, why did many runaway slaves go to Canada? 1. They feared being drafted into the Northern army. 2. The Fugitive Slave Act kept them at risk in the United States. 3. More factory jobs were available in Canada. 4. Northern abolitionists refused to help fugitive slaves.

In the 1920's, the depressed situation of United States agriculture was chiefly caused by: 1. overregulation by government 2. mechanization and overproduction 3. inefficient production techniques 4. stock-market speculation

In the 1930's, the enactment of New Deal programs demonstrated a belief that: 1. corporations were best left to operate without government interference 2. state governments should give up control over commerce inside their states 3. the Federal Government must concern itself with the people's economic well-being 4. the United States Constitution was not relevant to 20th-century life

In the 19th century, protective tariffs, subsidies for railroads, and open immigration showed that the federal government followed a policy of: 1. support for economic development 2. noninterference in the free-market system 3. regulation of unfair business practices 4. support for organized labor

In the 19th century, the major national labor unions wanted to improve the position of workers mainly by: 1. obtaining the legal right to organize and bargain collectively 2. using government troops to settle labor disputes with management 3. supporting government ownership of major industries 4. endorsing a third political party for workers only

In the South, the passage of Jim Crow laws in the 1870s and 1880s led directly to the: 1. racial integration of public schools 2. decline of the Democratic party 3. organization of the Ku Klux Klan 4. segregation of public facilities

In the United States during the late 19th century, much of the prejudice expressed toward immigrants was based on the belief that they would: 1. cause overcrowding in farm areas 2. refuse to become citizens 3. support the enemies of the United States in wartime 4. fail to assimilate into American society

In the United States, industrial unions of the 1880's and of the 1980's had similar goals in that both campaigned for: 1. national health insurance 2. better unemployment insurance 3. greater job security and higher wages 4. wage and price freezes

In the United States, organized labor made its greatest membership gains when: 1. the right to unionize and bargain collectively was guaranteed by legislation 2. international competition began to threaten jobs in the United States 3. the major business groups encouraged unionization 4. the economy began to shift from manufacturing to service employment

In the United States, the decade of the 1920ís was characterized by: 1. a willingness to encourage immigration to the United States 2. increased consumer borrowing and spending 3. the active involvement of the United States in European affairs 4. major reforms in national labor legislation

In the United States, the main purpose of antitrust legislation is to: 1. protect the environment 2. increase competition in business 3. encourage the growth of monopolies 4. strengthen the rights of workers

In the decades after the Civil War, the major result of the shift from single proprietorship to corporate organization was that business was able to: 1. make more efficient use of natural resources 2. concentrate on improving the quality of manufactured goods 3. provide workers with higher wages 4. raise large sums of money

In the early 1940ís, the "destroyers-for-military-bases deal" with Great Britain and the Lend-Lease Act were evidence that the United States: 1. recognized that its policy of neutrality conflicted with its self-interest 2. followed its policy of neutrality more strictly as World War II progressed in Europe 3. believed that the Allied policy of appeasement would succeed 4, wanted to honor the military commitments it had made just after World War I

In the late 19th century, the pattern of United States immigration changed in that: 1. far fewer immigrants arrived in the United States than in previous years 2. most immigrants chose to settle in the rural, farming regions of the western United States 3. increasing numbers of immigrants came from eastern and southern Europe 4. most immigrants were political refugees

In the period following World War II, the United States established a long-term military presence in West Germany in an effort to: 1. support the unification of Europe, by force if necessary 2. stop communist expansion in Europe 3. prevent the renewal of German aggression in Europe 4. allow the United Nations to resolve international disputes

In the period from 1865 to 1900, the United States Government aided the development of the West by: 1. maintaining free and unlimited coinage of silver 2. offering low-interest loans to businesses 3. granting land to railroad companies 4. providing price supports for farm products

In the period from 1890 to 1920, which development was the result of the other three? 1. labor union agitation in response to unemployment 2. Progressive Party plea for compulsory education 3. public outcry following numerous industrial accidents 4. passage of child labor laws by individual states

In the ten years following the Civil War, a large numbers of former slaves earned a living by becoming: 1. conductors on the Underground Railroad 2. workers in Northern factories 3. sharecroppers on Southern farms 4. gold miners in California

In their plans for Reconstruction, both President Abraham Lincoln and President Andrew Johnson sought to: 1. punish the South for starting the Civil War 2. force the Southern States to pay reparations to the Federal Government 3. allow the Southern States to reenter the nation as quickly as possible 4. establish the Republican Party as the only political party in the South

Industrialists of the late 1800s contributed most to economic growth by: 1. supporting the efforts of labor unions 2. establishing large corporations 3. encouraging government ownership of banks 4. opposing protective tariffs

Involvement in the Spanish-American War, acquisition of Hawaii, and introduction of the Open Door policy in China were actions taken by the United States Government to: 1. establish military alliances with other nations 2. gain overseas markets and sources of raw materials 3. begin the policy of manifest destiny 4. support isolationist forces in Congress

Jacob Riis, Jane Addams, and Margaret Sanger are most closely associated with efforts to: 1. educate and train formerly enslaved persons 2. preserve the natural environment 3. advance the interests of organized labor 4. improve conditions for the poor

Laws requiring individuals to pass civil service examinations to obtain government jobs were enacted to: 1. eliminate patronage and corruption in government hiring 2. allow the government to compete with private industry for employees 3. support the development of public employee labor unions 4. encourage the growth of local political parties

Many Southern States tried to limit the effects of Radical Reconstruction by: 1. adopting federal laws mandating segregation 2. enacting Jim Crow laws 3. abolishing the Southern sharecropping system 4. securing passage of new amendments to the United States Constitution

Many senators who opposed United States membership in the League of Nations argued that joining the League would: 1. involve the nation in future military conflicts 2. reduce freedom of the seas 3. end the country's free-trade policy 4. endanger the nation's military preparedness

Mark Twain labeled the late 1800s in the United States the "Gilded Age" to describe the: 1. end of the practice of slavery 2. absence of international conflicts 3. extremes of wealth and poverty 4. achievements of the labor movement

National Prohibition, as authorized by the 18th amendment, stated that: 1. Americans must be 18 years old to purchase alcoholic beverages 2. only imported alcoholic beverages would be sold 3. alcoholic beverages could be sold only in government-run stores 4. the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages was banned

Nativism in the late 19th century was motivated primarily by: 1. hostility toward immigrant workers 2. the need to reduce overcrowding in western states 3. cultural conflicts with Native American Indians 4. the migration of African Americans to northern cities

New Deal programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA) were primarily intended to help 1. farmers 2. homeowners 3. businesses 4. unemployed workers

News organizations were engaging in yellow journalism before the Spanish-American War when: 1. publishers tried to prevent the war 2. articles about Cuba were fair and balanced 3. editors exaggerated events to build support for war 4. writers ignored the situation in Cuba

One difference between the administrations of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and President Herbert Hoover is that Roosevelt was: 1. unwilling to allow government agencies to establish jobs programs 2. unable to win congressional support for his economic program 3. able to ignore economic issues for most of his first term in office 4. more willing to use government intervention to solve economic problems

One factor that furthered industrialization in the United States between 1865 and 1900 was the: 1. development of the airplane 2. expansion of the railroads 3. mass production of automobiles 4. widespread use of steamboats

One goal for a lasting peace that President Woodrow Wilson included in his Fourteen Points was: 1. establishing a League of Nations 2. maintaining a permanent military force in Europe 3. returning the United States to a policy of isolationism 4. blaming Germany for causing World War I

One reason John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J. Pierpont Morgan were sometimes called robber barons was because they: 1. robbed from the rich to give to the poor 2. made unnecessarily risky investments 3. used ruthless business tactics against their competitors 4. stole money from the federal government

One reason the Nuremberg trials following World War II were held was to: 1. bring Hitler, Mussolini, and Tojo to justice 2. force Japan to pay for the attack on Pearl Harbor 3. make German leaders accountable for the Holocaust 4. punish the German government for bombing England

One way in which the Chinese Exclusion Act, the Gentlemen's Agreement, and the National Origins Act were similar is that all were expressions of: 1. imperialism 2. nativism 3. militarism 4. Manifest Destiny

Poll taxes and grandfather clauses were devices used to: 1. deny African Americans the right to vote 2. extend suffrage to women and 18-year-old citizens 3. raise money for political campaigns 4. prevent immigrants from becoming citizens

President Harry Truman justified using atomic bombs on Japan in 1945 on the grounds that the: 1. world was ready for a demonstration of nuclear power 2. Axis powers deserved total destruction 3. early ending of the war would save many lives 4. American public demanded that the bombs be used

President Harry Truman supported a containment policy after World War II in an attempt to: 1. limit the use of atomic bombs and other nuclear weapons 2. end colonialism in Africa and Asia 3. bring German and Japanese war criminals to justice 4. reduce the influence of the Soviet Union in European countries

President Harry Trumanís decision to use atomic bombs against Japan was primarily based on his belief that: 1. an invasion of Japan would result in excessive casualties 2. Germany would refuse to surrender in Europe 3. an alliance was developing between Japan and the Soviet Union 4. Japan was in the process of developing its own atomic weapons

President Theodore Roosevelt's policies toward Latin America were evidence of his belief in: 1. noninvolvement in world affairs 2. intervention when American business interests were threatened 3. the sovereign rights of all nations 4. the need for European interference in the Western Hemisphere

President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points were based on the belief that: 1. military strength is a nation's best path to world peace 2. isolationism should guide international relations 3. the principle of self-determination should be applied to people of all nations 4. industrial nations should have equal access to colonial possessions

President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points were intended to: 1. make the United States, Great Britain, and France into leading world powers 2. redistribute Germany's colonies among the Allied nations 3. prevent international tensions from leading to war 4. punish Germany for causing World War I

President Woodrow Wilson's statement "The world must be made safe for democracy" was made to justify his decision to: 1. end United States imperialism in Latin America 2. support tariff reform 3. send troops into Mexico to capture Pancho Villa 4. ask Congress to declare war against Germany

Prior to 1880, the number of immigrants to the United States was not restricted mainly because: 1. industry owners wanted cheap labor 2. the nations of Europe discouraged emigration 3. the United States birthrate was increasing 4. Congress lacked the power to limit immigration

Prior to 1890, United States businesses made few foreign investments mainly because: 1. state governments discouraged foreign investments 2. foreign investments were prohibited by Congress 3. foreign nations did not accept investments from United States businesses 4. investment opportunities were better in the United States

Public disregard for Prohibition and for laws prohibiting gambling indicates that: 1. the American film industry has great influence on public opinion 2. the system of checks and balances does not work 3. attempts to legislate public morality may be met with strong resistance 4. American citizens have little, if any, respect for laws

Sectional differences developed in the United States largely because: 1. the Federal Government adopted a policy of neutrality 2. economic conditions and interests in each region varied 3. only northerners were represented at the Constitutional Convention 4. early Presidents favored urban areas over rural areas

Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to: 1. work on the development of an atomic bomb 2. increase economic production to meet wartime demands 3. defend New York City against a nuclear attack 4. recruit men for the military services

Speaker A: "The business of America is business, and we would be wise to remember that." Speaker B:"Government ownership of business is superior to private enterprise." Speaker C:"Strict government regulation of business practices is a means to insure the public good." Speaker D:"Only through personal effort can wealth and success be achieved." Which speaker best expresses the main idea of rugged individualism? 1. Speaker A 2. Speaker B 3. Speaker C 4. Speaker D

Speaker A: "The current situation has necessitated that more women enter the workforce." Speaker B: "My family will have to get along without sugar and flour this week." Speaker C: "I say we should continue to support our president, even if a president has never been elected to four terms before now." Speaker D: "I support the government in everything it has to do, to be sure we are safe from fascism here at home." These speakers would have made these statements during 1. World War I 2. World War II 3. the Korean War 4. the Vietnam War

Speaker A: "The use of the bomb shortened the war and saved American lives." Speaker B: "The United States might have been able to force the Japanese to surrender simply by demonstrating the power of the bomb on a deserted island." Speaker C: "The use of the bomb was justified because of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor." Speaker D: "In Hiroshima, the bomb instantly incinerated more than 60,000 people. Most were civilians." Which speakers hold the view that using the bomb was an appropriate military action? 1. A and B 2. A and C 3. B and C 4. B and D

Speaker A: "When demand ran high, and markets were scarce, he showed little mercy, broke his contracts for delivery and raised prices." Speaker B: "The man of wealth must hold his fortune 'in trust' for the community and use it for philanthropic and charitable purposes." Speaker C: "It is cruel to slander the rich because they have been successful. They have gone into great enterprises that have enriched the nation and the nation has enriched them." Speaker D: "The fruits of the toil of millions are boldly stolen to build up colossal fortunes for the few, unprecedented in the history of mankind." The most valid conclusion that can be drawn from the different viewpoints of these speakers is that industrialists of the late 19th century 1. benefited and harmed society 2. treated their workers fairly 3. used illegal means to gain wealth 4. generally opposed the free-enterprise economic system

Speaker A: "When demand ran high, and markets were scarce, he showed little mercy, broke his contracts for delivery and raised prices." Speaker B: "The man of wealth must hold his fortune 'in trust' for the community and use it for philanthropic and charitable purposes." Speaker C: "It is cruel to slander the rich because they have been successful. They have gone into great enterprises that have enriched the nation and the nation has enriched them." Speaker D: "The fruits of the toil of millions are boldly stolen to build up colossal fortunes for the few, unprecedented in the history of mankind." Which two speakers would most likely label late 19th-century industrialists as robber barons? 1. A and B 2. A and D 3. B and C 4. C and D

Speaker A:"To preserve our American culture, people whose national origins do not match the origins of our nation's founders must be refused admission." Speaker B:". . . let us admit only the best educated from every racial and ethnic group . . ." Speaker C:". . . there is an appalling danger to the American wage earner from the flood of low, unskilled, ignorant, foreign workers who have poured into the country . . ." Speaker D:"Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free . . ." People who support unrestricted immigration would agree most with 1. Speaker A 2. Speaker B 3. Speaker C 4. Speaker D

Statement A: "The best way to economic recovery is to subsidize industry so that it will hire more workers and expand production." Statement B: "If jobs are not available, the government must create jobs for those who are unemployed." Statement C: "According to human nature, the most talented people will always come out on top." Statement D: "Our government is responsible for the nation's economic well-being." Which statement is closest to the philosophy of Social Darwinism? 1. Speaker A 2. Speaker B 3. Speaker C 4. Speaker D

Statement A: "The best way to economic recovery is to subsidize industry so that it will hire more workers and expand production." Statement B: "If jobs are not available, the government must create jobs for those who are unemployed." Statement C: "According to human nature, the most talented people will always come out on top." Statement D: "Our government is responsible for the nation's economic well-being." Which statements most strongly support the actions of President Franklin D. Roosevelt? 1. Speaker A and Speaker C 2. Speaker B and Speaker C 3. Speaker C and Speaker D 4. Speaker B and Speaker D

The "clear and present danger" ruling in the Supreme Court case Schenck v. United States (1919) confirmed the idea that: 1. prayer in public schools is unconstitutional 2. racism in the United States is illegal 3. interstate commerce can be regulated by state governments 4. constitutional rights are not absolute

The "clear and present danger" ruling of the Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States illustrates the continuing conflict between 1. free speech and governmental authority 2. the use of search warrants and the rights of the accused 3. state powers and Federal powers 4. religious freedom and separation of church and state

The 14th amendment provides that no "state [shall] deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." A direct result of this amendment was that: 1. the process of amending the Constitution became slower and more complex 2. the guarantees in the Bill of Rights were applied to state actions 3. every citizen gained an absolute right to freedom of speech and assembly 4. the power of the Federal Government was sharply reduced

The 14th and 15th Amendments, passed during Reconstruction, resulted in: 1. equal rights for women in the United States 2. expanded rights for Native American Indians on reservations 3. increased individual rights for African Americans 4. additional rights for Southern segregationists

The American Federation of Labor became the first long-lasting, successful labor union in the United States mainly because it: 1. refused to participate in strikes against employers 2. concentrated on organizing workers in industries in the South 3. formed its own political party and elected many pro-labor public officials 4. fought for the rights of skilled workers

The Civil War affected the northern economy by: 1. causing a severe depression 2. increasing unemployment rates 3. decreasing demand for agricultural products 4. stimulating industrialization

The Dust Bowl experiences of the Oklahoma farmers during the Great Depression demonstrated the: 1. effect of geography on people's lives 2. success of government farm subsidies 3. limitation of civil liberties during times of crisis 4. result of the Indian Removal Act

The Gentlemen's Agreement, literacy tests, and the quota system were all attempts by Congress to restrict: 1. immigration 2. property ownership 3. voting rights 4. access to public education

The abolitionist movement, the women's suffrage movement, and the 1960's civil rights movement are all examples of reform efforts that 1. succeeded without causing major controversy 2. developed significant popular support 3. achieved their goals without government action 4. failed to affect the nation as a whole

The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 is an illustration of the: 1. impact a single event can have on public opinion a time of crisis 2. effectiveness of a policy of appeasement in stopping aggression 3. success of the pacifist movement in the United States 4. role of communism as a negative influence in global affairs

The Jim Crow laws of the post-Civil War Era were attempts by: 1. the Federal Government to improve the status of African Americans and Native American Indians 2. state and local governments to restrict the freedoms of African Americans 3. states to ban organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan 4. the Radical Republicans in Congress to carry out Reconstruction plans

The Jim Crow laws, upheld by the Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), provided for: 1. free land for former slaves 2. separate public facilities based on race 3. racial integration of public schools 4. voting rights for African-American males

The Jim Crow legal system, which expanded in the South after Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), was based on the Supreme Court's interpretation of the: 1. due process clause of the 5th Amendment 2. states' rights provision of the 10th Amendment 3. equal protection clause in the 14th Amendment 4. voting rights provision in the 15th Amendment

The Lend-Lease Act and the Destroyers-for-Bases deal were adopted prior to World War II primarily because these actions would: 1. help Allied nations without the United States entering the war 2. stop the spread of communism 3. convince the American people that war was necessary 4. 1create jobs to end the Great Depression

The National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) of 1935 gave labor unions the right to: 1. represent workers in collective bargaining 2. insist on an open shop in the workplace 3. establish quotas on immigration 4. use blacklists and yellow dog contracts

The National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) of 1935 strengthened labor unions because it legalized: 1. collective bargaining 2. blacklisting 3. the open shop 4. the sit-down strike

The Neutrality Acts passed by Congress in the mid-1930s were efforts to: 1. avoid mistakes that led the country into World War I 2. create jobs for the unemployed in the military defense industry 3. support the League of Nations efforts to stop wars in Africa and Asia 4. help the democratic nations of Europe against Hitler and Mussolini

The New Deal tried to solve many problems of the Great Depression by: 1. reducing taxes on big business to stimulate job creation 2. providing federal aid to many sectors of the economy 3. lowering federal spending to maintain a balanced budget 4. decreasing foreign competition by raising tariffs

The North's rapid economic growth during the Civil War was stimulated by: 1. the elimination of taxes on defense industries 2. a reduction in the number of immigrants 3. increased government demand for many products 4. enslaved persons filling industrial jobs

The Sherman Antitrust Act, the Social Security Act, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) are examples of: 1. Federal laws designed to protect consumers from unsafe products 2. the Federal Government's response to changes in the economy 3. Federal laws designed to control spending 4. the Federal Government's attempts to regulate big business

The Supreme Court declared some New Deal laws unconstitutional because these laws: 1. overextended the power of the federal government 2. forced the federal government into heavy debt 3. ignored the rights of minority groups and women 4. failed to solve the problems for which they were intended

The United States Supreme Court decision in Korematsu v. United States (1944) concerned: 1. restricting freedom of the press 2. the presidentís right to use atomic weapons 3. limiting civil liberties during wartime 4. the right of women to serve in military combat

The United States became involved in World War II primarily because: 1. Germany refused to pay its debts from World War I 2. European democracies supported United States policies toward Germany and Japan 3. President Franklin D. Roosevelt did not enforce the Neutrality Acts 4. Germany and Japan achieved important military successes in Europe and Asia

The economic boom and the financial speculation of the 1920's were caused in part by: 1. installment buying and an unregulated stock market 2. the expansion of civil rights to women and minorities 3. the mobilization of the economy for war 4. increased government restrictions on big business

The effectiveness of the New Deal in ending the Great Depression is difficult to measure because: 1. President Franklin D. Roosevelt died during his fourth term 2. United States involvement in World War II rapidly accelerated economic growth 3. the Supreme Court declared most New Deal laws unconstitutional 4. later Presidents failed to support most New Deal reforms

The election of Franklin D. Roosevelt to the Presidency in 1932 reflected the desire of many Americans to: 1. return to a policy of laissez faire 2. abandon capitalism in favor of socialism 3. continue the domestic policies of the Hoover administration 4. have government take an active role in solving economic problems

The experiences of African Americans serving in the military forces during World War II influenced their postwar decision to: 1. renew support for the principle of separate but equal 2. join the armed forces in record numbers 3. increase efforts to end racial discrimination 4. move back to the rural south

The failure of national Prohibition led to a public awareness that: 1. crime rates decline when the sale of alcoholic beverages is banned 2. economic prosperity encourages social conformity 3. unpopular laws are difficult to enforce 4. geographic conditions affect law enforcement

The label "Solid South" was applied to the former Confederate States after Reconstruction because they: 1. consistently supported the Democratic Party 2. could not participate in national politics 3. rejected efforts to pass Jim Crow laws 4. continued to support abolitionist causes

The main purpose of New Deal measures such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was to: 1. provide immediate employment opportunities 2. develop rules to limit speculation and safeguard savings 3. enable the Federal Government to take over failing industries 4. assure a guaranteed income for American families

The main reason President Franklin D. Roosevelt attempted to increase the number of Justices on the United States Supreme Court was to: 1. force the Court to hear cases involving the rights of minorities and women 2. speed up the Court's review of cases 3. increase the independence of the Court 4. make the Court more supportive of New Deal programs

The main reason the United States developed the Open Door policy was to: 1. allow the United States to expand its trade with China 2. demonstrate the positive features of democracy to Chinese leaders 3. aid the Chinese Nationalists in their struggle with the Chinese Communists 4. encourage Chinese workers to come to the United States

The main reason the United States implemented the Open Door policy in China was to: 1. promote immigration 2. expand democratic reforms 3. encourage religious freedom 4. guarantee access to markets

The migration of African Americans to the North during and following World War I was mainly a result of the: 1. success of military desegregation 2. efforts of the civil rights movement 3. availability of new factory jobs 4. impact of affirmative action programs

The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing a panic." -Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Which interpretation of the Bill of Rights does this statement illustrate? 1. The needs of the government are more important than civil liberties. 2. Constitutional protections of liberty are not absolute. 3. The Supreme Court can eliminate freedoms listed in the Bill of Rights. 4. The Bill of Rights does not safeguard individual liberties.

The poll tax, the literacy test, and the actions of the Ku Klux Klan were all attempts to limit the effectiveness of: 1. the 14th and 15th amendments 2. the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education 3. civil rights legislation passed in all states after the Civil War 4. immigration laws such as the Gentleman's Agreement and the Chinese Exclusion Act

The power of labor unions increased during the New Deal mainly because: 1. a new spirit of cooperation existed between employers and government 2. a shortage of skilled and unskilled laborers developed 3. management changed its attitude toward organized labor 4. Federal legislation guaranteed labor's right to organize and bargain collectively

The provision of the Radical Republicans' plan for Reconstruction that Southern States found most objectionable was that a former Confederate State could not be readmitted to the Union unless that State: 1. gave land and money to former slaves 2. granted full citizenship to former Confederate leaders 3. ratified the 14th amendment 4. agreed to modernize its economy

The purpose of the Interstate Commerce Act (1887), the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890), and the Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) was to: 1. eliminate unfair business practices 2. reduce imports from foreign nations 3. reduce the power of the unions 4. increase the power of local governments

The rulings of the Supreme Court in Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857), Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), and Korematsu v. United States (1944) all demonstrate that the Supreme Court has: 1. continued to extend voting rights to minorities 2. protected itself from internal dissent 3. sometimes failed to protect the rights of minorities 4. often imposed restrictions on free speech during wartime

The term business monopoly can best be described as: 1. the most common form of business in the United States 2. government control of the means of production 3. an agreement between partners to manage a corporation 4. a company that controls or dominates an industry

The underlying reason for the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson was: 1. the Credit Mobilier scandal 2. a power struggle with Congress over Reconstruction 3. his refusal to appoint new justices to the Supreme Court 4. his policies toward Native American Indians

The war crimes trials of German and Japanese military officials following World War II established that: 1. it is difficult to convict leaders of crimes against humanity 2. civil liberties must be expanded for civilians during wartime 3. individuals can be held responsible for wartime atrocities against civilians 4. genocidal acts are acceptable during wartime

Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Robert M. LaFollette are all considered progressives because they 1. supported the formation of the first trade union 2. used Presidential power to break up strikes 3. worked to limit the power of big business 4. formed the first civil rights organizations

Throughout United States history, the most important aim of the country's foreign policy has been: 1. participation in international organizations 2. advancement of national self-interest 3. containment of communism 4. development of military alliances

To help pay for World War II, the United States government relied heavily on the: 1. money borrowed from foreign governments 2. sale of war bonds 3. sale of United States manufactured goods to neutral nations 4. printing of additional paper money

What effect did the system of sharecropping have on the South after the Civil War? 1. It kept formerly enslaved persons economically dependent. 2. It brought investment capital to the South. 3. It encouraged Northerners to migrate south. 4. It provided for a fairer distribution of farm profits.

What was a key challenge faced by the United States during World War II? 1. lack of public support for the war effort 2. fighting the war on several fronts 3. difficulty gaining congressional support 4. total reliance on naval power

What was a major reason for United States entry into World War I? 1. to overthrow the czarist government of Russia 2. to keep Latin America from being attacked by Germany 3. to maintain freedom of the seas 4. to break up the colonial empires of the Allies

What was a major result of Prohibition in the United States during the 1920s? 1. restriction of immigration 2. growth of communism 3. destruction of family values 4. increase in organized crime

What was a major result of the Civil War? 1. States now had the right to secede from the Union. 2. Congress passed an amendment to provide for the direct election of senators. 3. The power of the central government was strengthened. 4. The judiciary became the dominant branch of the federal government.

What was one result of World War II? 1. The arms race ended. 2. The Cold War ended. 3. Communism was eliminated. 4. Two superpowers emerged.

What was the experience of most of the "new immigrants" who arrived in the United States from southern and eastern Europe in the late 1800s and early 1900s? 1. They lived in urban areas and most held lowpaying jobs. 2. They obtained free land in the West and became farmers. 3. They became discouraged with America and returned to their homelands. 4. They were easily assimilated into mainstream American culture.

What was the main benefit that labor unions of the late 19th century gained for their members? 1. job security 2. improved wages and hours 3. paid vacations 4. health insurance

When the Great Depression began in 1929, the most common economic belief supported by the Republican Party was that: 1. an increase in defense spending would stimulate the economy 2. unemployed workers should receive Federal unemployment benefits 3. the government should assume control of industry 4. the economy would recover on its own

Which New Deal program was chiefly designed to correct abuses in the stock market? 1. Federal Emergency Relief Act 2. Civilian Conservation Corps 3. Works Progress Administration 4. Securities and Exchange Commission

Which United States foreign policy was most directly related to the rise of big business in the late 1800s? 1. containment 2. imperialism 3. détente 4. neutrality

Which United States policy is most closely associated with the annexation of Hawaii and the Philippines? 1. neutrality 2. isolationism 3. imperialism 4. international cooperation

Which action best demonstrated the United States effort to isolate itself from European conflicts after World War I? 1. lowering tariff rates 2. attempting to improve relations with Asia 3. failing to sign international disarmament agreements 4. refusing to join the League of Nations

Which action is an example of nativism in the 1920s? 1. widespread violation of Prohibition laws 2. efforts to improve living conditions for Native American Indians 3. passage of laws restricting immigration 4. provision of credit to farmers

Which action was necessary to change from the indirect to the direct election of United States Senators? 1. ratification of a constitutional amendment 2. passage of a Federal law 3. a Supreme Court decision 4. a national referendum

Which argument did President Abraham Lincoln use against the secession of the Southern States? 1. Slavery was not profitable 2. The government was a union of people and not of states. 3. The Southern States did not permit their people to vote on secession. 4. As the Commander in Chief, he had the duty to defend the United States against foreign invasion.

Which argument did President Woodrow Wilson use to persuade Congress to enter World War I? 1. making the world safe for democracy 2. retaliating against the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor 3. assisting the neutral nations with their defense 4. removing the Nazi threat from the Western Hemisphere

Which argument was used to support United States acquisition of overseas possessions in the late 1800's? 1. The United States needed to obtain raw materials and new markets. 2. The spread of Marxist ideas had to be stopped because they threatened world peace. 3. The United States should be the first world power to build a colonial empire. 4. The doctrine of Manifest Destiny had become obsolete.

Which combination of factors contributed most to the start of the Great Depression of the 1930's? 1. immigration restrictions and a lack of skilled workers 2. high taxes and overspending on social welfare programs 3. United States war debts and the declining value of the dollar 4. overproduction and the excessive use of credit

Which condition increased the negative effects of the Great Depression? 1. Factories had to decrease production because of low demand. 2. Low levels of unemployment created labor shortages. 3. The demand for imported products increased. 4. The Federal Government raised taxes repeatedly.

Which congressional action not only raised money for World War II but also contributed to the national debt? 1. requiring employers to withhold taxes from workers' paychecks 2. raising income tax rates 3. selling war bonds 4. enacting wage and price controls

Which economic practice became significantly more widespread during the 1920s? 1. governmental regulation of business 2. stock market speculation 3. dependence on government welfare programs 4. reduction of tariff rates

Which economic trend of the 1920s helped cause the Great Depression? 1. rising cost of mass-produced goods 2. increasing income tax rates 3. falling tariff rates 4. widening income gap between the rich and the poor

Which event is most closely associated with the end of the Great Depression? 1. passage of the Social Security Act 2. beginning of World War II 3. reelection of President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940 4. announcement of the Marshall Plan

Which events best support the image of the 1920's as a decade of nativist sentiment? 1. the passage of the National Origins Act and the rise of the Ku Klux Klan 2. the Scopes trial and the passage of womenís suffrage 3. the Washington Naval Conference and the Kellogg-Briand Pact 4. the growth of the auto industry and the Teapot Dome Affair

Which factor most limited the growth of labor unions during the late 1800's? 1. Most employers were very hostile toward workers' efforts to organize. 2. Most factory workers were satisfied with their wages and working conditions. 3. The Federal Government declared that unions were illegal. 4. Workers preferred to negotiate with factory owners as individuals rather than as members of a group.

Which feature of the immigration laws of the 1920's was different from prior laws? 1. Quotas were set to limit immigration from many countries 2. Preference was granted to Chinese immigrants 3. Refugees from war-torn Europe were encour-aged to enter the United States. 4. Efforts were made to stop illegal immigration from Latin America.

Which generalization can best be drawn from the experiment with national Prohibition (1919-1933)? 1. Social attitudes can make laws difficult to enforce. 2. Americans resent higher taxes. 3. Morality can be legislated successfully. 4. People will sacrifice willingly for the common good.

Which generalization is consistent with the ruling of the United States Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States? 1. The freedoms guaranteed in the Bill of Rights are virtually unlimited 2. Government has the right to suspend any rights at any time. 3. Individual rights can be limited in the national interest 4. The balance between individual rights and the general social welfare almost always favors individual rights.

Which phrase best completes the title for the partial outline shown below? I. Reasons for the ______________________ A. Increasing sectionalism B. Disagreements over states' rights issues C. Breakdown of compromise D. Election of 1860 1. Start of the Revolutionary War 2. Adoption of the Bill of Rights 3. Failure of the Whiskey Rebellion 4. Secession of Southern States from the Union

Which precedent was established by the Nuremberg war crimes trials? 1. National leaders can be held responsible for crimes against humanity . 2. Only individuals who actually commit murder during a war can be guilty of a crime. 3. Defeated nations cannot be forced to pay reparations. 4. Defeated nations can be occupied by the victors.

Which series of events leading to World War II is in the correct chronological order? 1. Neutrality Acts -> Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor -> Lend-Lease Act -> United States declaration of war on Japan 2. Lend-Lease Act -> Neutrality Acts -> United States -> declaration of war on Japan -> Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor 3. United States declaration of war on Japan -> Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor -> Lend-Lease Act -> Neutrality Acts 4. Neutrality Acts -> Lend-Lease Act -> Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor -> United States declaration of war on Japan

Which situation brought about the rapid growth of industry between 1865 and 1900? 1. high worker morale resulting from good wages and working conditions 2. availability of investment capital 3. establishment of western reservations for Native American Indians 4. decline in the number of people attending schools

Which situation helped cause the stock market crash of 1929? 1. excessive speculation and buying on margin 2. unwillingness of people to invest in new industries 3. increased government spending 4. too much government regulation of business

Which situation was the immediate cause of the United States entry into World War I in 1917? 1. The League of Nations requested help. 2. The Maine was blown up in Havana Harbor. 3. Nazi tyranny threatened Western democracy. 4. German submarines sank United States merchant ships.

Which statement about Japanese Americans interned during World War II is most accurate? 1. Many were forced to return to Japan at the conclusion of the war. 2. No Japanese Americans were allowed to serve in the United States armed services during the war. 3. Most were released after signing a loyalty oath 4. Many lost their homes and businesses

Which statement about immigration to the United States during the 19th century is most valid? 1. Organized labor supported unlimited immigration. 2. Most immigrants to the United States were illegal aliens. 3. Industrial growth led to a demand for cheap immigrant labor. 4. Few immigrants came from western Europe

Which statement about immigration to the United States is most accurate? 1. The desire for economic advancement has been a major reason for immigration to the United States 2. The ethnic mix of immigrants to the United States has remained mostly unchanged. 3. The number of immigrants has remained constant in each decade during most of United States history. 4. Nearly all immigrants have easily assimilated into American culture.

Which statement best describes President Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy position toward Latin America in the early 1900's? 1. The United States should reduce its involvement in Latin American affairs. 2. The Monroe Doctrine permits the United States to intervene actively in the affairs of Latin American nations. 3. Latin American nations should form an organization to help them achieve political and economic stability. 4. The United States should give large amounts of financial aid to help the poor of Latin America.

Which statement best describes the status of the labor union movement in the United States in 1900? 1. Most of the labor force was organized into unions. 2. Government and business opposition had destroyed the labor union movement. 3. Unions were still struggling to gain public acceptance. 4. Unions had won the right to strike and bargain collectively.

Which statement best explains President Abraham Lincoln's justification for the Civil War? 1. As an abolitionist, President Lincoln wanted to end slavery in the United States. 2. President Lincoln wanted to keep the South economically dependent on the industrial North. 3. President Lincoln's oath of office required him to defend and preserve the Union. 4. To keep the support of Great Britain and France, President Lincoln had to try to end slavery immediately.

Which statement best illustrates a basic idea of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal? 1. Communism provides the only real solution to economic problems. 2. Unemployed workers should rely on the states rather than on the federal government for help. 3. The United States reached its economic peak in the 1920s and is now a declining industrial power. 4. The economy sometimes needs public money to encourage business activity.

Which statement describes a result of the Industrial Revolution in the United States? 1. Farm production decreased. 2. Slavery in the South increased. 3. The population of the cities decreased. 4. Immigration to the United States increased.

Which statement identifies a change in American society during World War II? 1. Economic opportunities for women increased 2. Government regulation of the economy decreased. 3. The Great Depression worsened. 4. Racial tensions were eliminated.

Which statement is accurate about American culture during the Great Depression? 1. The Federal Government provided money to support the arts. 2. Most movies featured realistic themes and unhappy endings. 3. Rock-and-roll music became popular. 4. Interest in professional sports declined.

Why did the Senate reject the Versailles Treaty (1919)? 1. to keep the United States free from foreign entanglements 2. to express opposition to the harsh sanctions imposed on Germany 3. to avoid the dues for membership in the League of Nations 4. to reduce United States military forces in Europe

Why did the United States follow a policy of unrestricted immigration for Europeans during most of the 1800's? 1. Business and industry depended on the foreign capital brought by immigrants. 2. The American economy needed many unskilled workers. 3. Most Americans desired a more diversified culture. 4. The United States wanted to help European nations by taking in their surplus pop-ulation.

Why did the United States formulate the Open Door policy toward China? 1. to develop democratic institutions and practices in China 2. to prevent a European and Japanese monopoly of Chinese trade and markets 3. to establish a military presence on the Chinese mainland 4. to support Japanese efforts to industrialize China

World War I and World War II brought about changes for minorities and women because these conflicts led to: 1. the creation of new job opportunities 2. the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment 3. a greater number of high-level management positions 4. greater integration in housing and schools throughout the nation

Yellow journalists created support for the Spanish-American War by writing articles about the: 1. political popularity of William Jennings Bryan 2. efforts of the United States to control Mexico 3. destruction of United States sugar plantations by Hawaiians 4. sinking of the United States battleship Maine in Havana Harbor

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