Final Soc and indifference

Women gained the right to vote nationally in the United States in

1920 with the 19th Amendment

Labor organizing lost ground during the

1920s Red Scares

The doctrine of "separate but equal" was struck down in:

1954, Brown vs. Board of Education

The continent with the lowest incomes and highest rates of poverty is

Africa

As the American labor movement grew, many local craft unions joined together to form the

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Two-thirds of the world's poor live in

Asia

Abraham Lincoln supported slavery before he became president.

False

Child labor, controversial in South Asia, was never used in the United States or Japan.

False

College graduates are more likely to be unemployed than job seekers with less than a high school diploma.

False

Despite government programs, poverty rates soared in the 1960s.

False

During the Victorian Period of the 1800s, no one challenged the accepted standard of a women's place in the home with her children.

False

Following the 13th Amendment, the rights and political standing of African Americans in the U.S. South gradually improved through the 1880s and 1890s.

False

For the average worker, their gain in lifetime earnings by having a college degree will not be enough to make up for the cost of tuition.

False

Given its long history of valuing work, the United States welcomed the first labor unions and attempts to organize workers.

False

Human capital theorists argue that what people learn in school has no value in how valuable they are as an employee

False

In the 1850s, the U.S. Supreme Court refused to overturn slavery but argued that nonetheless the rights of African American slaves as U.S. citizens must be respected.

False

Jay MacLeod found that the young people he studied, especially African Americans, did not get ahead because they had low aspirations and did not want to succeed.

False

No Child Left Behind set standards for achievement in broad areas, including social studies, music, and the arts.

False

Once someone gets a job, they rarely remain below or near the poverty level.

False

Organized labor's influence in national elections has continued to grow.

False

Part of President Johnson's Great Society Program was a plan to eliminate welfare programs.

False

Robert Kennedy read Galbraith's The Affluent Society and decided that there was no longer a poverty problem in the United States

False

The Environmental Justice Movement contends that environmental hazards are one of the few things that affect rich and poor equally.

False

The Great Depression of the 1930s meant the end of most U.S. labor unions.

False

The U.S. social structure is such an open system that studies have found that few sons continue in the social class of their fathers.

False

The most segregated city in the United States is Mobile, Alabama.

False

The numbers of African Americans and Hispanics who graduate from college have not increased since the 1970s

False

Unlike central cities, suburbs, even older ones, typically have little poverty.

False

When Jonathan Kozol returned to public schools in the 1990s, he found that most of the inequalities he had struggled against in the 1960s were gone

False

White families are now more at risk of being in poverty than Black or Latino families.

False

The great mulatto abolitionist and antislavery lecturer who became a friend and confidante of Lincoln and an advocate of an integrated America was

Frederick Douglass

Child labor, once a major issue in the United States and Japan, is now a center of controversy in

India and Pakistan

The post-Civil War advancement of African Americans was soon reversed by

Jim Crow laws

The most segregated metropolitan area in the United States is greater metropolitan

Milwaukee

Union leaders supported Bill Clinton's presidential campaigns but opposed his stance on

NAFTA and free trade

The highest poverty rates in the U.S. are experienced by

Native Americans

The first nation to give women the right to vote in national elections was

New Zealand

Martin Luther King Jr.'s last great initiative before his assassination was the

Poor People's Movement

Gandhi's ideas on nonviolent social action inspired Martin Luther King Jr. and the original

Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) was replaced in 1996 by a new program called

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)

A major concern for the Affordable Care Act was the large numbers of Americans who had no health insurance.

True

Christopher Jencks found that a key factor in getting ahead was good luck

True

In its decision in the 1954 case of Brown vs. Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court declared that separate is inherently unequal."

True

In the 1990s and following, consumer activism began to target overseas sweatshops.

True

In the 1990s, President Bill Clinton signed into law a sweeping welfare reform act.

True

Large cities often have income gaps between the top and bottom quintiles that are greater than the national average.

True

No Child Left Behind set funding rewards for schools that had higher percentages of students passing standardized tests

True

One of the creations of the Roosevelt New Deal of the 1930s was Social Security.

True

Poverty in South Dakota is most prevalent on Native American reservations.

True

President Lyndon Johnson declared a War on Poverty.

True

Richard Florida believes that "brain gain" cities thrive by attracting young and diverse creative workers.

True

Rust Belt cities are those who have experienced a loss of heavy industry.

True

Since the 1990s, large numbers of people who had received welfare assistance such as AFDC have moved into the workforce.

True

Sinclair's The Jungle and Norris's The Octopus exposed dangerous working conditions in meat packing and railroad building.

True

Sociologists refer to people coming together in organized and spontaneous demonstrations as "collective action."

True

The "Black Belt" refers to a region with many rural African Americans

True

The poorest counties in the United States are in Texas, Mississippi, and South Dakota

True

The world's poorest people are rural.

True

U.S. women did not gain the right to vote nationally until 1920

True

Women are more likely to graduate from college with a 4-year degree than are men.

True

A key element in homelessness since the 1970s has been

a growing lack of affordable housing

Compared to Europe and Canada, the United States has

a less unionized workforce

To cope with deindustrialization, cities such as Baltimore, Pittsburgh, and Cleveland sought to

attract new hotels and retailers along with civic attractions

The poor in the United States are increasingly likely to be:

children

Student-led campus boycotts across the United States in 1999 and 2000 targeted

clothing and shoe manufacturers

Since the 1970s, the real dollar value of the minimum wage has

declined

David Ellwood and others have argued that working poor families should be supported by universal health care and expanded

earned income tax credits

In Blau and Duncan's path diagram, Father's education has a direct effect on father's occupation and on son's

education

In Featherman and Hauser's occupational tables, which category of sons is mostly likely to have had fathers in the same category?

farm

Concern over the quality of education in public schools makes Kozol

fearful of school choice proposals

Lyndon Johnson responded to disturbing studies of poverty, such as Michael Harrington's The Other America, with a call

for a war on poverty

Over the last several decades, the value of a college education has been

growing relative to workers with no college

Women are most disadvantaged compared to men in

income returns on years of education

Those who propose charter schools and greater privatization of schools contend a major problem with public schools is

inefficient layers of bureaucracy

Wilson contends American cities have moved from

institutional to jobless ghettos

Betty Friedan argued that the "feminine mystique" of the 1950s was

intentionally undermining decades of social change

One reason that the governments of many poor countries do not spend more on health and education is that they spend 5 to 15% of their GNP on

interest on debt

The problems of the American inner city ghetto are many, but Wilson believes that at the root cause of many of them is

joblessness

Eleanor Roosevelt and Hillary Rodham Clinton both advanced ideas associated with

liberal reform feminism

In Ain't No Makin' It, MacLeod contends that the low aspirations of the Hallway Hangers are due to

limited opportunity and class-based barriers

According to Kozol, one of the basic problems with school funding is that it is based on

local property taxes

In Featherman and Hauser's 1962 occupational tables, the sons of upper-white-collar African American fathers were most likely to have jobs that were

lower manual

Christopher Jencks claimed that his research showed that income differences between individuals were considerably influenced by

luck

"Brain gain" cities that attracted highly educated people often are the sites of

major universities and government offices

In "comeback cities" such as Cleveland and Detroit, overall employment has increased at the same time there has been a marked decrease in

manufacturing employment

Poverty is becoming much more common in

older, inner-ring suburbs

The greatest disparity between men and women occurs in:

personal earnings

Those that live near toxic waste and unsafe environments are often

poor and nonwhite

Immigration mobility occurs when

poor immigrants take over the bottom rungs of the occupational ladder

As part of the New Deal programs, the Roosevelt administration initiated

public work projects such as the WPA and CCC

The 1946 Taft-Hartley Act sought to

reduce union power and make union leaders liable for damages

The counties in the United States with the highest poverty rates are home to

rural white, Native, Hispanic, and African Americans

The Black Belt in the United States is home to

rural, poor, Southern African Americans

According to Stephanie Coontz, the Victorian homemaker with a large home was assisted to a large extent, directly or indirectly, in her tasks by:

servants, laborers, and possibly slaves

Compared to other nations, the United States

spends the most on healthcare

One common strategy to increase employment and community income in depressed areas, seen recently in Flint, Cleveland, Detroit, and Gary, is to build

stadiums, casinos and recreational attractions

The No Child Left Behind Act has been criticized for its emphasis on

standardized testing without standardized funding

The growth of white collar jobs in the U.S. following World War II allowed for considerable:

structural mobility

The group most disadvantaged in completing college are

students from low-income backgrounds

Poverty in the U.S. decreased the most dramatically during

the 1960s

The region of the country that has been consistently losing population over the last several decades, due partly to a changing agricultural economy, is

the Great Plains

When heavy industry left, Midwest and Northeast cities experienced

the Rust Belt phenomenon

The women's suffrage movement began with:

the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848

The highest child poverty rates in the advanced industrial world, after all government help has been received, are in

the United States

The year 1848 saw major statements issued that energized

the labor, women's, and abolitionist movements

European welfare states believe that

the national government is responsible for the welfare of all its citizens

Human capital theory suggests that highly educated people earn more than others because

they are more productive

According to Blau and Duncan's path diagram, the biggest effect on son's occupation in 1962 came from:

unknown factors

A recent study found that half of all Americans had at one time

used food stamps

A major component of the 1996 Welfare Reform act was to encourage

welfare-to-work rules

An important recent shift in the homeless population is that more of the homeless are now

women with children

Most of the workers killed in the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist fire, like many turn-of-the-century textile workers were

young women