final study guide psy 205

Constructive coping involves

-realistically appraising stress. ​-confronting problems directly. -​learning to manage some emotional reactions to stress. -CORRECT! ​all of these.

Which of the following should you look for in self-help books?

-​Provide explicit directions about how to alter behavior. ​-Focus on a particular kind of problem. CORRECT ​all of these. ​-Some mention of the theoretical or research basis for the advice.

Beth often came home from school eager to escape online. In fact, she found it difficult to do anything else in the evenings other than spend time on the Internet. Beth may be experiencing

-​a form of self-indulgence. -​Internet addiction. ​-a disruption in time that can ultimately increase her stress levels. -CORRECT! ​all of these.

Research has NOT demonstrated which of the following?

A positive correlation between narcissism and self-esteem.

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of behavioral perspectives?

Behavioral perspectives neglect to explain why people are only moderately consistent in their behavior.

are hormones that help mobilize the body for action.

Catecholamines

_________ has been a major source of stress in many urban areas, such as northern India.

Crowding

are any noticeable alteration in one's life circumstances.

Life changes

In a few sentences, give an example of positive reinforcement. (You will need to generate your own example. This should not be copied from your textbook or from the internet.)

My Answer: When I was training my dog to go "potty" outside, I would give her a lot of attention and treats when she went "potty" outside. By adding attention and treats, I was positively reinforcing her to go "potty" outside.

In a few sentences, describe how humor can be helpful and how it can be harmful when coping with stress.

My answer: Humor can be a good way to cope with stress by normalizing your problems, however it can also make you not take your problems as seriously. It can be inappropriate to use humor in certain situations as well. Using humor does not help you manage your stress, it may just feel like you are uplifting the mood for a short period.

​Which of the following are Big Five traits?

Neuroticism and openness to experience.

Which of the following is very important to overall happiness?

Relationship satisfaction.

Maladaptive coping strategies tend to be associated with poorer adjustment. This means that

a coping strategy may help in the moment, but it is problematic in the long run.

Any time you have to take a risk to pursue some desirable outcome, you are likely to find yourself in an __________________ conflict.

approach-avoidance.

Acute stressors

are threatening events that have a relatively short duration and clear endpoint.

Constructive coping involves all of the following EXCEPT

being less realistic in your appraisal of your coping resources.

The first step in systematic problem-solving is

clarifying the problem.

Snooki became gravely ill after drinking a neon green beverage while on spring break. Any time she sees a green beverage—even sports drinks in the convenience store—she becomes sick to her stomach. This is a real-life example of ____________.

classical conditioning

Modern technology has provided us with

countless time-saving devices.

"Subjecting ideas to systematic, skeptical scrutiny" best describes which of the following processes?

critical thinking

​Joe has been arrested more than once for driving under the influence of alcohol. When you ask him about how he is managing his drinking problem, he says, "I don't have a drinking problem; I have a getting caught problem!" He is most likely using _______ to manage his difficulties.

denial

Outside of Western Europe and North America, the five-factor model _________________.

has been shown to be applicable, albeit with some differences.

John molds his interpretation of his past dating relationships to fit how the relationship turned out. This is a common tendency called

hindsight bias.

The first step in attempting to use your time more effectively is to

monitor your use of time.

​A_______ is a durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations.

personality trait

The way to determine if a study is correlational rather than experimental is that

researchers cannot control the variables under study.

Research indicates that

there is no association between IQ and happiness.

If a psychological test is found to measure the quality or construct that it was designed to measure, then it is a __________ assessment tool.

valid

Current research indicates that

we have little reason to believe that change is inevitably stressful.

_______ involves active efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands of stress.

​Coping

Which of the following executives is NOT exhibiting a quality related to hardiness?

​Drew sees everything as a competition and works hard to outdo all of the other employees.

Gratifying frustrated desires by thinking about imaginary achievements and satisfactions refers to the defense mechanism called

​fantasy.

Twin studies allow researchers to assess hereditary influences, in part, because

​genetic overlap is 100% for identical twins and 50% for fraternal twins.

​In psychoanalytic theory, the personality component that operates according to the pleasure principle is the

​id.

Social psychologist Stanley Schachter hypothesized that increases in anxiety would cause increases in the desire to be with others. In this study, the independent variable was

​level of anxiety.

​Rogers emphasized a person's subjective point of view, which he called

​person-centered.

​Theorists argue that one of the primary aims of terror management theory is to explain why _______________ is relevant to people's existence.

​self-esteem

The best description of social support is

​various types of aid from one's social networks.