Final Test 4

In French, it's "faire de pipi," in Spanish, it's "hacer pipí," in English, it's "I have to pee." What's the medical term for this universal urge to pass urine?

micturition

Which hormone(s) is released by cardiac muscle cells in response to increased atrial distension?

natriuretic peptides

Countercurrent multiplication takes place in the

nephron loop.

The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the

nephron loop.

The functional unit of the kidney is the

nephron.

When water is lost, but electrolytes are retained,

osmosis moves water from the intracellular fluid to the extracellular fluid.

All of the following factors are consistent with hyperkalemia except

overuse of diuretics.

The ________ delivers urine to a minor calyx.

papillary duct

The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ________ capillaries.

peritubular

Tubular reabsorption involves all of the following except

phagocytosis.

The principal cation in cytoplasm is

potassium.

Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine except

proteins.

The filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the

proximal convoluted tubule.

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

reabsorbing nutrients.

Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called

renal pyramids.

Consuming a meal high in salt will

result in a temporary increase in blood volume.

Regarding kidney function, in ________, solutes are transported from the peritubular fluid across the tubular epithelium and into the tubular fluid.

secretion

Substances larger than ________ do not pass through the filtration membrane.

albumin

Which substance plays a central role in determining the rate of sodium reabsorption?

aldosterone

The amount of potassium excreted by the kidneys is regulated mainly by

aldosterone.

Which of the tubules is impermeable to water?

ascending limb of the nephron loop

The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of

both the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct.

A(n) ________ consists of a combination of a weak acid and its associated anion.

buffer system

A chemical that minimizes changes in the pH of a body fluid by releasing or binding hydrogen ion is called a(n)

buffer.

Renal columns are

bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex.

Chloride ion is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb by

cotransport with Na ions.

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

excretes abundant protein molecules

Homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids respond to changes in the

extracellular fluid.

Rapid water movement between the extracellular fluid and the intracellular fluid is termed

fluid shift.

One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to

increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex.

Increased sympathetic tone can do all of the following except

increase the glomerular filtration rate.

Antidiuretic hormone

increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water by increasing the number of aquaporins.

About two-thirds of the body's fluid is within cells and is termed ________ fluid.

intracellular

Nephrons located close to the medulla with long nephron loops are called

juxtamedullary nephrons.

Major calyces are

large tributaries of the renal pelvis.

The primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to

limit pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids.

The left kidney lies ________ to the right kidney.

slightly superior

Intracellular fluid is found only within

the cells of the body.

The ________ is a capillary plexus that parallels the nephron loop.

vasa recta

Regarding kidney function, in reabsorption,

water and solutes are transported from the tubular fluid, across the tubular epithelium, and into the peritubular fluid.

Metabolic water is

water produced through catabolic processes.

The most abundant waste solute in urine is

urea.

Urine is temporarily stored in the

urinary bladder.

In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce

urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions.

From deep to superficial, put the following layers of the kidney in order: 1) renal capsule 2) perinephric fat 3) cortex 4) renal fascia

3, 1, 2, 4

Put the following urinary structures in order as urine is produced and eliminated from the body 1) liver. 2) urinary bladder. 3) kidney. 4) ureter. 5) urethra

3,4,2,5

The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney. 1. afferent arteriole 2. arcuate artery 3. interlobar artery 4. renal artery 5. glomerulus 6. cortical radiate artery 7. efferent arteriole 8. peritubular capillary What is the proper order in which blood passes through these vessels?

4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8

Put the following urinary structures in order to represent the flow of newly produced urine: 1) minor calyx 2) renal pelvis 3) ureter 4) major calyx 5) renal papilla

5,1,4,2,3

________ nephrons are essential to water conservation and the production of concentrated urine.

Juxtamedullary

Which of the following connections is not true relating the urinary system and other body system?

The endocrine, specifically the hypothalamus producing renin, acts on the kidneys to produce more urine.

A glomerulus is

a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.

A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. This is may be due to

absence of ADH.

Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system except the

adrenal glands.

The ions in highest concentration in the extracellular fluid are sodium and

chloride

Urine passes, in the order given, through which of the following structures?

collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra

The release of natriuretic peptides from the heart will cause the following response

decrease of ADH release.

With regard to fluid balance, water gains occur primarily in the

digestive tract.

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

distal convoluted tubule.

Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the

efferent arteriole.

The DCT secretes hydrogen ions in exchange for sodium ions by the process of

energy-dependent exchange pump.

The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is called the

glomerular filtration rate.

The process of filtration is driven by

glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

The process of filtration occurs at the

glomerulus.

The structure known as the juxtaglomerular complex is located near the

glomerulus.

Which of the following substances is not secreted

glucose.

The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is termed

renal failure.

The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the

renal pelvis.

Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by

the kidneys.

With regard to mineral balance, the primary site of ion loss in the body is

the kidneys.

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by

the ureters.