final us history

Cotton was well-suited to plantation production because it a) . grew relatively quickly on widely available land. b) . required little labor. c) . allowed for seasonal variation in labor needs. d) . could be virtually ignored during the growing season.

a

During the 1830s wealthy merchants, middle and upper class reformers, upper south planters, and farmers in the great lakes region politically organized the Whig Party to challenge the Democrats. Which of the following below best identifies one of their core policy concerns? a) A focus on internal improvements funded by the federal government. b) A focus on weakening America's Protestant culture by separating church and state. c) A focus on restarting America's involvement in the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. d) A focus on calling for the immediate abolition of slavery and the extension of citizenship rights to the emancipated population.

a

McKenney, superintendent of the indian affairs from 1824-1830 served as the main architect of the civilization policy. it was chiefy aimed at: a) educating and "Americanizing" the American Indian. b) enforcing separation between the Indians and the white settlers of the Great Plains. c) subjugating the American Indians. d) encouraging the preservation of Indian heritage.

a

September 1862 Union battle victory that allowed Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation from a position of strength? a) Battle of Antietam. b) Battle of Gettysburg. c) Battle of Bull Run. d) Battle of Shiloh.

a

Slave prices fluctuated mainly due to a) . changes in the price of cotton. b) . available supply. c) . local and state laws governing slavery. d) . demand for slaves in the North.

a

Slavery would not have lasted as long as it did except for a) . the vital place it held in the southern economy. b) . the South's lack of moral sensitivity. c) . the North's lack of interest in the problem. d) . the constant supply of slaves from Africa.

a

The Oneida Community became controversial because of its embrace of a) free love. b) . American capitalism. c) . racism. d) . women's suffrage.

a

The invention in the 1790s that permitted the great expansion of cotton cultivation was the a) . cotton gin. b) . railroad. c) . steel plow. d) . mechanical seed planter.

a

Under Lincoln's 1863 plan for Reconstruction, what percentage of white citizens from a Confederate state had to pledge a loyalty oath before that state would be allowed to re-join the Union? a) 10% b) 51% c) 75% d) 50%

a

Which of the following below best describes the strategy of the Winfield Scott's Anaconda Plan? a) Constrict the Confederacy's access to supplies through a massive naval blockade b) Win the war by laying siege to Richmond during the first months of the war. c) Seize control of the Mississippi River to divide the Confederate Army. d) Use the snake-like Appalachian Mountain trail to sneak into Confederate territory.

a

Which of the following below best identifies the person credited for helping to establish a political voice for enslaved African Americans after escaping enslavement and joining the abolitionist movement as a writer and lecturer? a) Frederick Douglass b) James Polk c) John Brown d) Harriet Tubman

a

Which of the following below was not a part of the Compromise of 1850? a) California would be admitted to the Union as a slave state. b) A New Fugitive Slave Act. c) The official banning of the slave trade in Washington, DC. d) Texas would be admitted to the Union as a slave state.

a

Which of the following best describes a primary motive behind the 1863 Draft Riots in New York City? a) The structure of the Enrollment Act, which conscripted poor men into military service while allowing rich men to buy their way out b) The unjust pay scales in place for military service based upon race an social class. c) The seizure of private property in New York to support the war effort. d) The closure of New York harbor to arriving immigrants as a war-time security measure.

a

William Lloyd Garrison alienated some of his supporters by a) . adopting radical positions on many issues including slavery. b) . advocating compromise on the slavery issue. c) . insisting upon a strict adherence to the US Constitution. d) . adopting the new political philosophy of socialism.

a

manifest destiny was based in part on: a) the belief that God was on the side of American expansionism. b) the political needs of the Democratic Party. c) the desire for new territory for slavery. d) the desire to drive Spain out of North America.

a

the MO Compromise did which of the following? a) Allowed Maine to enter the Union as a free state. b) . Prohibited slavery in all the territory of the Louisiana Purchase. c) . Provided for admission to the Union of all future states in pairs of one free, one slave. d) . Finally settled the question of congressional power over slavery in the territories.

a

Historians have evaluated abolitionism as: a) successfully turning most Americans against slavery. b) successfully bringing slavery to the forefront of American consciousness c) winning powerful supporters throughout the country d) a peaceful solution to the problem of slavery.

b

Implemented by southern states in the immediate aftermath of the Civil War this policy was used to virtually re-enslave newly liberated African Americans as laborers. a) Legal Segregation b) Vagrancy Law c) Share Cropping d) Jim Crow

b

Passed by the Radical Republican Congress during Reconstruction, the Enforcement Acts were designed to accomplish what goal? a) Force southern state legislatures to acknowledge African Americans' voting rights. b) Suppress the activities of vigilante groups like the Klu Klux Klan. c) Force white landowners to offer fair contracts to African American sharecropping families. d) Force local southern communities to offer protection to African American citizens from racial violence.

b

Passed during Reconstruction, the 15th Amendment to the United State's Constitution guarantees American citizens ___________________? a) Shall not be held in servitude, except for conviction of a crime. b) Shall not be denied the right to vote on account or race, color, or previous condition of servitude. c) Shall be afforded equal protection under the laws of the United States. d) Shall be afforded the right to possess and own private property.

b

Popularly characterized by "40 acres and a Mule" ________________ set aside over 400,000 acres of land along the South Carolina and Georgia Atlantic coast for black settlement? a) The Freedman's Bureau. b) Field Order No. 15. c) Homestead Act. d) Freedman's Land Settlement Act.

b

The Abolitionist Movement: a) . achieved widespread support from the public. b) . attracted some support but also frequent mob violence. c) . inspired nothing but hatred from the public. d) . was largely ignored by the general public.

b

The collapse of Reconstruction is marked by Rutherford Hayes' commitment to repeal the Reconstruction acts, thus collapsing the 5 military districts, in exchange for the needed electoral votes to become President. This "trade" is known as _____________. a) The Compromise of 1865. b) The Compromise of 1877. c) The Nadir. d) Disenfranchisement.

b

The growth of cotton as a major crop for the South was enhanced by the a) . thriving condition of the tobacco industry. b) . success of a new variety of cotton. c) . stabilization of the cotton market. d) . concentration of industry in only a few states.

b

This Reconstruction Amendment, passed in 1865, Constitutionally abolished slavery within the United States. a) The 12th Amendment. b) The 13th Amendment. c) The 14th Amendment. d) The 15th Amendment.

b

Which item listed below WAS NOT a part of the 1820 Missouri Compromise? a) Slave states and free states would enter the Union on an alternating pattern. b) The United States would end its role in the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. c) The 36'30 Parallel line would divide future slave and free states. d) Maine would be allowed to join the Union as a free state.

b

Which of the following describes a major limitation of Lincoln's 1863 Emancipation Proclamation? a) It did not provide slave holders financial compensation of emancipated slaves. b) It did not emancipate the enslaved populations of slave-holding states remaining loyal to the Union. c) It only emancipated slaves for a three-month time period. d) The Confederate Congress refused to ratify the document based upon its wording.

b

Which of the following statements below best described the effect of Harriett Beecher Stowe's (1852) Uncle Tom's Cabin on the slavery debate within the United States? a) The novel supported the argument for slavery's expansion by highlighting slavery's importance to the U.S. economy. b) The novel supported the argument for slavery's abolition by drawing attention to the cruelty of slave holders and the inhumanity of enslavement. c) The novel supported pro-slavery arguments by highlighting how slavery helped to socially evolve the enslaved by being led by white masters. d) The novel supported the anti-slavery argument by highlighting the possibility of spontaneous rebellion among the enslaved population.

b

Which of the following statements below best describes the influence that the Haitian Revolution had upon the debate to abolish Atlantic world slavery? a) The revolution justified the continuance of slavery in order to effectively subdue the enslaved populations of the Americas. b) The success of the revolution helped to disprove notions of black inferiority and challenged the legitimacy of slavery's continuance. c) The successful revolution created an independent black state whose naval forces began to seize slave-trading ships. d) The revolution led many opponents of slavery's abolition to began to support universal emancipation after witnessing Africans' desire for freedom.

b

Which of the following was NOT Mexican territory? a) California. b) Oregon. c) Texas. d) New Mexico.

b

Which of the following was not a proposal put forth by the Crittenden Compromise? a) Guarantee protections for slavery in southern states and territories. b) Re-opening of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. c) Block federal regulation of the domestic slave trade. d) Provide financial compensation to slave holders for escaped slaves.

b

While class differences in the South were based on income, caste differences were based on a) plantation size. b) race. c) religion. d) national origins.

b

While many societal standards such as "the cult of true womanhood" endured in the West, there often existed an openness of frontier society that resulted in a) fewer liberties for women b) modestly more opportunities for women c) more restrictive gender norms d) a rigid extension of the concept of "separate spheres"

b

________________ was elected President of the Confederate States of America in 1861? a) Robert Lee. b) Jefferson Davis. c) Alejxander Stephens. d) Winfield Scott.

b

as a reform movement, the temperance movement: a) was only moderately successful. b) was directed at a serious social problem. c) had little impact outside religious circles . d) emphasized religion more than social concerns.

b

beginning in 1867, voted the Reconstruction Acts into law. Which of the following was not a mandate of the three acts? a) That the south would be divided into 5 military districts. b) That southern states would have to ratify the 13th amendment. c) That southern states would have to draft new constitutions to re-enter the Union. d) That southern states would have to ratify the 14th amendment.

b

democracy in the early republic was characterized by: a) . Very low electoral participation by eligible voters. b) Elite fears of "tyranny from below"—too much participation by the multitudes (the people). c) . A strengthening of deference, no criticism of the president, and no way to petition Congress. d) . Almost no public demonstrations or partisan speeches.

b

1863 battle marking the turning point of the Civil War swaying momentum in favor of a Union Victory? a) Battle of Antietam. b) Battle of Bull Run. c) Battle of Gettysburg. d) Battle of Shiloh.

c

American Transcendentalism was affiliated with: a) anarchism. b) socialism. c) romanticism. d) agrarianism.

c

Antislavery sentiment underlay the formation of the a) Democratic Party b) . Liberty Party. c) . Republican Party. d) . Union Party.

c

During the 1800s, member of the Temperance Movement agreed almost unanimously that: a) . abstinence should include only hard liquor and not beer and wine. b) . state governments should not restrict the sale and consumption of alcohol. c) . alcohol consumption threatened family life. d) . alcohol consumption was a problem but not endemic across the United States.

c

During the Mexican-American War Pennsylvania Congressman David Wilmot drafted the "Wilmot Proviso", which attempted to implement what policy in the territories Mexico ceded to the United States at the conclusion of the war? a) The Proviso attempted to limit the number of cotton plantations established in any land ceded by Mexico. b) The Proviso attempted to set aside a portion of the land ceded from Mexico to re-settle emancipated slaves. c) The Proviso attempted to ban the extension of slavery into land ceded by Mexico. d) The Proviso attempted to establish a tariff-free trade district in the territories ceded by Mexico.

c

During the nineteenth century, the center of cotton production a) . remained in the Southeast. b) . moved northward. c) . shifted rapidly westward. d) . stabilized in Kentucky and Tennessee.

c

He considered his rebellion an act of God and led perhaps the most famous slave uprising in the South in 1831 in Southampton County, Virginia: a) Denmark Vesey. b) Frederick Douglass. c) Nat Turner. d) Gabriel Prosser.

c

The 1875 Mississippi Plan was intended to serve what purpose? a) Create a method to allow Mississippi to re-enter the Union after the Civil War. b) Design an economic strategy allowing Mississippi to deal with the panic of 1873. c) Create a blueprint for the disenfranchisement of Mississippi's African American voters. d) Devise a strategy to allow African Americans to maintain the citizenship rights gained during Reconstruction.

c

The KKK's violent tactics were designed to help accomplish what goal? a) Prevent African Americans from escaping the south. b) Force African Americans to continue to work cultivating cotton. c) Prevent African Americans from being able to exercise their voting rights. d) Prevent African Americans from obtaining wealth by becoming land owners.

c

The most plausible reason for the Texas Revolution a) the harsh oppression of the Catholic Church. b) the discovery of fertile cottonlands in east Texas. c) . the unwillingness of Anglo-Americans to accept Mexican rule. d) . the inability of Texans to settle their land disputes.

c

The union of slavery and cotton a) . increased the southern dependence on the North. b) . hindered industrialization of the South. c) . led to the industrialization of the South. d) . encouraged more whites to work as plantation laborers.

c

Which of the following below was not established as a consequence of the Supreme Court's 1858 Dred Scott Decision? a) That people of African descent within the United States had no citizenship rights. b) That the 1820 Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. c) That state-level anti-slavery laws overruled federal slave laws. d) That the rights of masters to own people as property were protected nation-wide, even in free states.

c

Which of the following was not one of the primary functions of the Freedmen's Bureau created during the early years of Reconstruction? a) Settle legal disputes between black and white Americans. b) Assist African Americans negotiate labor contract with white land owners. c) Facilitate the voter registration process for blacks in former Confederate states. d) Distribute land to formerly enslaved African Americans.

c

jacksonian dem was distinguished by the belief that : a) an aristocracy posed no danger to the Republic. b) . franchise restrictions should be racially neutral. c) . political participation by the common man should be increased. d) . political rights should be granted to women.

c

the most important consequence of the mex amer war was the: a) training of American soldiers for the coming Civil War. b) elevation of Zachary Taylor to the presidency. c) loss by Mexico of almost half of its territory to the United States. d) annexation of Texas.

c

which of the following best describes the plains tribe? a) sedentary and pacific. b) fisherman and farmers. c) nomadic and warlike. d) builders of great cities.

c

Congressional officials who pressured Lincoln to end the war and recognize Confederate independence were known as_______________________? a) Whigs. b) War Democrats. c) Peace Republicans. d) Copperheads.

d

James Polk went to war with Mexico a) to retaliate for the harsh Mexican treatment of Texans. b) to protect the southern border of the United States. c) to force the cession of New Mexico and California. d) to prevent a Mexican attempt to reacquire Texas.

d

On the frontier, Great Awakening "camp meetings": a) served only religious purposes. b) were primarily social events c) had little long-range impact. d) played an important social and religious role.

d

The African American family under slavery a) was supported and encouraged by the white society. b) was nonexistent on most plantations. c) was protected by the legal system. d) emphasized kinship, a sense of unity and mutual affection.

d

The early Mormons responded to the hostility that they encountered by: a) seeking refuge in Canada. b) pretending to join the orthodox Christian churches. c) opening their church organizations to public scrutiny. d) migrating to the West, ultimately settling in Salt Lake City.

d

The first major industry to attract large numbers of people to the West was a) cattle ranching. b) fur trapping. c) farming. d) mining.

d

Which of the following below best describes the effects of Ohio's "Black Laws" upon Ohio's free black population? a) . The laws were designed to ensure that Ohio's free African American population could not be denied the right to vote in local and state elections. b) . The laws placed a 200-acre cap on the amount of land that black people were allowed to own. c) . The laws were established to shield escaped slaves crossing into Ohio from being recaptured under the authority of federal fugitive slave laws. d) . The laws were collectively designed to bar free blacks from voting, attending public schools, sitting on juries, and serving within the state militia.

d

Which of the following below best identifies a primary purpose of General Benjamin Davis's Contraband of War Policy? a) The policy allowed the Union to seize Confederate arsenals. b) The policy allowed the Union to imprison Confederate soldiers. c) The policy allowed the Union to commandeer Confederate naval vessels. d) The policy allowed the Union to retain escaped slaved behind Union battle lines.

d

Which of the following below identifies the political party organized in 1848 to represent the political voice of the anti-slavery faction within the United States that supported abolishing slavery in the District of Columbia and stopping slavery's expansion a) The Know-Nothing Party b) The Whig Party c) The Democratic Party d) The Free Soil Party

d

White settlement of the Great Plains west of the Mississippi River occurred because of a) the discovery of gold and silver deposits. b) encouragement by the federal government. c) the completion and later extension of the transcontinental railroad. d) all of the above.

d

all are true of andrew jackson except: a) . He strongly denied any state's right of nullification and declared disunion, by force, is treason. b) . The Eaton Affair damaged his presidency and resulted in the resignation of several cabinet members. c) . Seeing the bank as dangerous to the liberties of the people, he fought it and its director, Nicholas Biddle. d) . His presidency saw significant improvement in racial and gender equality.

d

the controversy over weather MO would be admitted as a free or slave state illustrated: a) rising nationalism. b) . the power of federalism. c) . internationalism. d) . growing sectionalism.

d