Final

Four D's of negligence

Duty of care, Dereliction of care, Direct cause, Damages

Blind studies

Experiments in which the participants do not know whether or not they are a part of the control group.

Hipporcrates

Father of medicine

Medical Law

Laws that are prescribed specifically pertaining to the medical field

rights-based ethical theory

Philosophy of ethics based on theory of the rights of each individual (autonomy)

Accreditation

Process of officially recognizing a person or organization for meeting the standards and qualification in an area based on pre-established industry criteria

clinical research

Research in which people, or data or samples of tissue from people, are studied to understand health and disease

conscience clause

The refusal to perform a legal role or duty based on personal beliefs.

conflict of interest

When a doctor's ability to act in the best interests of a person or group could be affected by relationships with other people, groups, or businesses

Jury

a body of people sworn to give a verdict in a legal case on the basis of evidence submitted to them in court

Witness

a person who sees an event, typically a crime or accident, take place

Checks and Balances

a system in which the different parts of an organization have powers that affect and control the other parts so that no part can become too powerful.

group ethics

a system of principles and rules of conduct accepted by a group or culture

In rem jurisdiction

a term that delineates the court's jurisidiction over the property or things, including marraige, rather than over persons

Tort

a wrongful act, not including a breach of contract or trust, that results in injury to another's person, property, reputation, or the like, and for which the injured party is entitled to compensation

Deontology

an ethical theory that says actions are good or bad according to a clear set of rules

Standard of Care

basic skill and care expected of healthcare professionals in the same or similar branch of medicine; based on what another medical professional would deem to be appropriate in similar circumstances

Ethics

branch of philosophy that relates to principles, rules, and standards that govern a person's behavior and decisions

Utilitarian

designed for practical use

Nonmaleficence

do no harm

virtue based ethical theory

ethical theory that emphasizes the agents who perform actions and make choices; character and virtue form the framework of this ethical theory

in personum jurisidiction

gives a court the authority to make decisions binding on the persons involved in a civil case

Res Ipsa loquitor

in latin "the thing speaks for itself." lega doctrine that there is clear proof that the defendant had the responsibilty to the patient and that the injury would not and could not have ocurred without the negligence of the defendant

Stare Decisis

in latin "to stand by the things decided" or to adhere to a decided case; condition in which, once a court rules, that the decision becomes law for other cases, Also known known as precedent.

double blind study

in testing, one group receives the placebo and the other group receives the new agent, which prevents either group from knowing who is receiving the real drug or the placebo

experimental group

in testing, the group that recieves the new, researched treatment agent

Common Law

law of precedents built on a case-by-case basis and established by citing interpretation of existing laws by judges in previous suits. Also known as "judge made law."

Hippocratic Oath

oath taken by medical students swearing to practice medicine in an ethical way

Writ of Certiorari

order a higher court issues to review the decision and proceddings in a lower court and determine wether there were any irregularities

Defendant

person or entity sued

Medical Ethics

principles based on the medical profession that determine moral behavior

Values

principles that individuals choose to follow in their lives

gene therapy

process of splicing or infusing genes to replace malfunctioning genes. Alteration of the dna of the body cells to control production of a particular substance.

Morals

standards of right and wrong

Bioethics

study of ethical dilemmas and issues resulting from advances in medicine, medical research, and science

placebo

sugar pill

Standard of Practice

the average knowledge and expertise that one can expect from a healthcare professional in the same area or field and with the base of training

Plaintiff

the person or entity bringing a suit or claim

genetic screening

the process of analyzing cells or tissue to look for changes in genes, chromosomes, or proteins that may be a sign of a disease or condition, such as cancer

Integrity

unwavering adherence to an individual's values and principles with a dedication to high standards