Financial Statements

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Current Deferred Liabilities

A deferred liability is listed on a balance sheet as a liability until the good or service is delivered. This is because the company would have to return the money if it does not keep its end of the bargain as promised.

Tax Rate for Calculations

The average tax rate paid by the company on its earned income. It is used for incomestement calculations.

Common Stock Payments

A common stock dividend is the dividend paid to common stock owners from the profits of the company. Like other dividends, the payout is in the form of either cash or stock. The law may regulate the size of the common stock dividend particularly when the payout is a cash distribution tantamount to a liquidation.

Debentures

A debenture is a type of bond or other debt instrument that is unsecured by collateral. Since debentures have no collateral backing, they must rely on the creditworthiness and reputation of the issuer for support. Both corporations and governments frequently issue debentures to raise capital or funds.

Commercial Paper

A commonly used type of unsecured, short-term debt instrument issued by corporations, typically used for the financing of payroll, accounts payable and inventories, and meeting other short-term liabilities. Maturities on commercial paper typically last several days, and rarely range longer than 270 days.1 Commercial paper is usually issued at a discount from face value and reflects prevailing market interest rates.

Consensus EPS

A consensus estimate is a forecast of a public company's projected earnings based on the combined estimates of all equity analysts that cover the stock. Generally, analysts predict a company's earnings per share (EPS) and revenue numbers for the quarter, fiscal year (FY), and future FYs.

Diluted EPS

A calculation used to gauge the quality of a company's earnings per share (EPS) if all convertible securities were exercised.

Cash Dividends

A cash dividend is the distribution of funds or money paid to stockholders generally as part of the corporation's current earnings or accumulated profits. Cash dividends are paid directly in money, as opposed to being paid as a stock dividend or other form of value.

Change in working capital

A change in working capital is the difference in the net working capital amount from one accounting period to the next. ... Net working capital is defined as current assets minus current liabilities.

Non Current Deferred Liabilities

A deferred liability is an obligation for which settlement is not required until a later period. And since it is noncurrent, it is not relevant within the next 12 months.

Non Current Deferred Taxes Liabilities

A deferred tax liability is a tax that is assessed or is due for the current period but has not yet been paid -- meaning that it will eventually come due. The deferral comes from the difference in timing between when the tax is accrued and when the tax is paid.

Forward Dividend & Yield

A forward dividend yield is an estimation of a year's dividend expressed as a percentage of the current stock price. The year's projected dividend is measured by taking a stock's most recent actual dividend payment and annualizing it. The forward dividend yield is calculated by dividing a year's worth of future dividend payments by a stock's current share price.

Leases

A lease is a legal document in which one party is allowed to use another party's asset for a given time in exchange for a payment. Leases are a current asset on the company's balance sheet.

Normalized EBITDA

A measure computed for a company that takes its earnings and adds back interest expenses, taxes, and depreciation charges, plus other adjustments to the metric.

Enterprise Value/Revenue

A measure of the value of a stock that compares a company's enterprise value to its revenue. Often used to determine a company's valuation in the case of a potential acquisition. Can be used for companies that do not generate income or profits.

Unusual Items

A nonrecurring or one-time gain or loss that is not considered part of normal business operations.

Net Income Continuous Operations

Accounts for a company's regular business activities. Income from continuing operations is also known as operating income.

Change in Payable

Accounts payable (AP) is an important figure in a company's balance sheet. If AP increases over a prior period, that means the company is buying more goods or services on credit, rather than paying cash.

Total Debt

Add the company's short and long-term debt together to get the total debt.

Net Income from Continuing & Discontinued Operation

After tax gain or loss on sale of a segment of business and the after tax effect of the operations of the discontinued segment for the period.

Convertible Securities

All outstanding convertible preferred shares, convertible debentures, stock options, and warrants.

Reconciled Cost of Revenue

All the money you take in must be disbursed to investments, expenses, debt payments or as a deposit in your cash account. If your disbursements don't equal the amount of your revenue, you must find the error. Once you match revenue and disbursements, you have reconciled your revenues.

Total Operating Income as Reported

Also called income from operations—takes a company's gross income, which is equivalent to total revenue minus COGS, and subtracts all operating expenses. A business's operating expenses are costs incurred from normal operating activities and include items such as office supplies and utilities.

Net Income Including Non-Controlling Interests

Also known as a minority interest, is an ownership position wherein a shareholder owns less than 50% of outstanding shares and has no control over decisions. Non-controlling interests are measured at the net asset value of entities and do not account for potential voting rights.

Other Short Term Investments

Also known as marketable securities or temporary investments, are those which can easily be converted to cash, typically within 5 years.

Minority Interest

Also referred to as non-controlling interest (NCI), is the share of equity ownership in a subsidiary's equity that is not owned or controlled by the parent corporation.

Stockholders' Equity

Also referred to as shareholders' equity, is the remaining amount of assets available to shareholders after all liabilities have been paid. It is calculated either as a firm's total assets less its total liabilities or alternatively as the sum of share capital and retained earnings less treasury shares. Stockholders' equity might include common stock, paid-in capital, retained earnings and treasury stock.

Depreciation & amortization

Amortization and depreciation are two methods of calculating the value for business assets over time. ... Amortization is the practice of spreading an intangible asset's cost over that asset's useful life. Depreciation is the expensing of a fixed asset over its useful life.

Available for Sale Securities

An available-for-sale security (AFS) is a debt or equity security purchased with the intent of selling before it reaches maturity or holding it for a long period should it not have a maturity date.

Other Non Operating Income Expenses

An expense incurred from activities unrelated to core operations.

Indexes

An index measures the price performance of a basket of securities using a standardized metric and methodology. Indexes in financial markets are often used as benchmarks to evaluate an investment's performance against. Passive index investing has become a popular low-cost way to replicate the returns of popular indices such as the S&P 500 Index or Dow Jones Industrial Average.

Beta

Beta is a measure of the volatility—or systematic risk—of a security or portfolio compared to the market as a whole. Beta is used in the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), which describes the relationship between systematic risk and expected return for assets (usually stocks). CAPM is widely used as a method for pricing risky securities and for generating estimates of the expected returns of assets, considering both the risk of those assets and the cost of capital.

Accounts Payables v.s. Accrued Expense

Both accounts payables and accrued expenses are liabilities. Accounts payable is the total amount of short-term obligations or debt a company has to pay to its creditors for goods or services bought on credit. With accounts payables, the vendor's or supplier's invoices have been received and recorded. On the other hand, accrued expenses are the total liability that is payable for goods and services that have been consumed by the company or received. However, accrued expenses are those bills in which an invoice or bill has not yet been received. As a result, accrued expenses can sometimes be an estimated amount of what's owed, which is adjusted later to the exact amount, once the invoice has been received. Conversely, accounts payable should represent the exact amount of the total owed from all of the invoices received.

Capital Expenditure

Capital expenditures (CapEx) are funds used by a company to acquire, upgrade, and maintain physical assets such as property, plants, buildings, technology, or equipment. CapEx is often used to undertake new projects or investments by a company. Making capital expenditures on fixed assets can include repairing a roof, purchasing a piece of equipment, or building a new factory. This type of financial outlay is made by companies to increase the scope of their operations or add some economic benefit to the operation.

Capital Stock

Capital stock is the amount of common and preferred shares that a company is authorized to issue, according to its corporate charter. Capital stock can only be issued by the company and is the maximum number of shares that can ever be outstanding. The amount is listed on the balance sheet in the company's shareholders' equity section.

Capital Stock

Capital stock is the amount of common and preferred shares that a company is authorized to issue—recorded on the balance sheet under shareholders' equity. The amount of capital stock is the maximum amount of shares that a company can ever have outstanding.

Capital Structure

Capital structure is how a company funds its overall operations and growth. Debt consists of borrowed money that is due back to the lender, commonly with interest expense. Equity consists of ownership rights in the company, without the need to pay back any investment. The Debt-to-Equity (D/E) ratio is useful in determining the riskiness of a company's borrowing practices.

Financing Cash Flow

Cash flow financing is a form of financing in which a loan made to a company is backed by a company's expected cash flows. ... Cash flow financing—or a cash flow loan—uses the generated cash flow as a means to pay back the loan.

Cash Flow from Financing Activities

Cash flow from financing activities (CFF) is a section of a company's cash flow statement, which shows the net flows of cash that are used to fund the company. Financing activities include transactions involving debt, equity, and dividends. Cash flow from financing activities provides investors with insight into a company's financial strength and how well a company's capital structure is managed.

Cash Flow from Continuing Investing Activities

Cash flow from investing activities is a section of the cash flow statement that shows the cash generated or spent relating to investment activities. Investing activities include purchases of physical assets, investments in securities, or the sale of securities or assets.

Investing Cash Flow

Cash flow from investing is listed on a company's cash flow statement. Cash flow from investing activities includes any inflows or outflows of cash from a company's long-term investments. The cash flow statement reports the amount of cash and cash equivalents leaving and entering a company.

Cash Flow from Continuing Operating Activities

Cash flows from operating activities is a section of a company's cash flow statement that explains the sources and uses of cash from ongoing regular business activities in a given period. This typically includes net income from the income statement, adjustments to net income, and changes in working capital.

Other Current Liabilities

Categories of short-term debt that are lumped together on the balance sheet. ... Other current liabilities are simply current liabilities that are not important enough to occupy their own lines on the balance sheet, so they are grouped together.

Other Current Borrowings

Categories of short-term debt that are lumped together on the balance sheet. The term "current liabilities" refers to items of short-term debt that a firm must pay within 12 months. To that, companies add the word "other" to describe those current liabilities that are not significant enough to identify separately on their own lines in financial statements, so they are grouped together as "other current liabilities."

Change in Other Working Capital

Change in Other Working Capital is a line item in the consolidated statement of cash flows, specifically the operating cash flow section.Change in working capital is one of the major ways that net income and operating cash flow can differ. A company is investing in assets or becoming less efficient when the change in working capital is negative, and depleting assets or becoming more efficient when the change in working capital is positive.

Change in Receivables

Change in Receivables is the increase or decrease in the cash that customers owe the company. This is one of the several ways net income and cash flow differ. Change in Receivables affects cash flow, not net income.

Changes in Cash

Change in cash and equiv (change in cash and cash equivalents) are increases or decreases in cash or items that are easily converted into cash. Examples of cash equivalents are: money market accounts, treasury bills, and short term government bonds.

Common Stock Equity

Common equity, also referred to as common stock, is typically the stock held by founders and employees (usually employees have options to purchase common stock). This equity normally has fewer rights associated with it than preferred equity.

Common Stock

Common stock is a security that represents ownership in a corporation.

Operating Expenses

Costs involved in operating a business, such as rent, utilities, and salaries.

Current Debt

Current debt includes the formal borrowings of a company outside of accounts payable. Accounts payables are. This appears on the balance sheet as an obligation that must be paid off within a year's time. Thus, current debt is classified as a current liability.

Goodwill

Customer loyalty, brand reputation, and other non-quantifiable assets count as goodwill.

Goodwill And Other Intangible Assets

Customer loyalty, brand reputation, and other non-quantifiable assets count as goodwill. Intangible assets are those that are non-physical, but identifiable, such as a company's proprietary technology (computer software, etc.), copyrights, patents, licensing agreements, and website domain names.

Issuance of Debt

Debt issuance is when companies or governments raise funds by borrowing money from bondholders. The company or government borrowing the money (issuing the debt) agrees to pay the lender (the bondholder) a set interest rate over a defined period. This payment, which is usually made monthly or quarterly, is sometimes called the coupon. At the end of the period, the borrower pays back the lender in full.

Deferred Income Tax

Deferred income taxes are taxes that a company will eventually pay on its taxable income, but which are not yet due for payment. The difference in the amount of tax reported and paid is caused by differences in the calculation of taxes in the local tax regulations and in the accounting framework that a company uses.

Non Current Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue is a liability on a company's balance sheet that represents a prepayment by its customers for goods or services that have yet to be delivered. Deferred revenue is recognized as earned revenue on the income statement as the good or service is delivered to the customer.

Current Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue is money received in advance for products or services that are going to be performed in the future.

Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is a notional asset or liability to reflect corporate income taxation on a basis that is the same or more similar to recognition of profits than the taxation treatment.

Depreciation

Depreciation is an accounting method of allocating the cost of a tangible or physical asset over its useful life or life expectancy. Depreciation represents how much of an asset's value has been used up. Depreciating assets helps companies earn revenue from an asset while expensing a portion of its cost each year the asset is in use.

Depreciation Amortization Depletion

Depreciation, depletion, and amortization (DD&A) is an accounting technique that enables companies to gradually expense various different resources of economic value over time in order to match costs to revenues. Depreciation spreads out the cost of a tangible asset over its useful life, depletion allocates the cost of extracting natural resources, such as timber, minerals, and oil from the earth, and amortization is the deduction of intangible assets over a specified time period; typically the life of an asset.

EBITDA

Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization.

Net Income Avi to Common (ttm)

Earnings available for common stockholders equals net income minus preferred dividends. Net income, or profit, equals total revenue minus total expenses. Revenue is the money you earn selling products and services. Expenses are the costs you incur in the same period, such as rent, payroll, interest and income taxes.

EBIT

Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) is an indicator of a company's profitability. EBIT can be calculated as revenue minus expenses excluding tax and interest. EBIT is also referred to as operating earnings, operating profit, and profit before interest and taxes.

Enterprise Value

Enterprise value (EV) is a measure of a company's total value, often used as a more comprehensive alternative to equity market capitalization. EV includes in its calculation the market capitalization of a company but also short-term and long-term debt as well as any cash on the company's balance sheet. Enterprise value is a popular metric used to value a company for a potential takeover.

Equities

Equities are the same as stocks, which are shares in a company. That means if you buy stocks, you're buying equities. You may also get "equity" when you join a new company as an employee. That means you're a partial owner of shares in your company. Because equities don't pay a fixed interest rate, they don't offer guaranteed income. In other words, equities inherently come with risk.

Equity

Equity represents the value that would be returned to a company's shareholders if all of the assets were liquidated and all of the company's debts were paid off. We can also think of equity as a degree of residual ownership in a firm or asset after subtracting all debts associated with that asset. Equity represents the shareholders' stake in the company, identified on a company's balance sheet. The calculation of equity is a company's total assets minus its total liabilities, and is used in several key financial ratios such as ROE.

Forward P/E

Forward P/E is a version of the ratio of price-to-earnings that uses forecasted earnings for the P/E calculation. Because forward P/E uses estimated earnings per share (EPS), it may produce incorrect or biased results if actual earnings prove to be different. Analysts often combine forward and trailing P/E estimates to make a better judgment.

Free Cash Flow

Free cash flow (FCF) represents the cash available for the company to repay creditors or pay dividends and interest to investors. FCF reconciles net income by adjusting for non-cash expenses, changes in working capital, and capital expenditures (CAPEX). However, as a supplemental tool for analysis, FCF can reveal problems in the fundamentals before they arise on the income statement. Volume 75%

Interest Income Non Operating

Gains or losses from sources not related to the typical activities of the business or organization.

Change in Account Payable

If the difference in accounts payable is a positive number, that means accounts payable increased by that dollar amount over the given period. Increasing accounts payable is a source of cash, so cash flow increased by that exact amount. A negative number means cash flow decreased by that amount.

Cash Position

In a cash flow statement, the cash position at the end of the month represents the amount of cash that the company has on hand, at that moment in time. This cash position is a sign of financial strength and liquidity of the company, representing the ability of the company to meet their current liabilities.

Non-cash items

In accounting, a non-cash item refers to an expense listed on an income statement, such as capital depreciation, investment gains, or losses, that does not involve a cash payment.

Net Income Continuous Operations

Income from continuing operations is a net income category found on the income statement that accounts for a company's regular business activities. Income from continuing operations is also known as operating income. ... A business must consistently generate earnings from operations to succeed in the long term.

Net Income from Continuing Operations

Income from continuing operations is a net income category found on the income statement that accounts for a company's regular business activities. Income from continuing operations is also known as operating income. Continuing operations are the primary source of income for most successful businesses.

Other Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are those that are non-physical, but identifiable, such as a company's proprietary technology (computer software, etc.), copyrights, patents, licensing agreements, and website domain names.

Purchase of Intangibles

Intangible assets can be related to marketing, intellectual property, contracts, or technology and can include, among other things: Patents. Trade or internet domain names. Licenses. Customer lists. Copyrights. Franchises. Trade secrets. Good will.

Net Interest Income

Interest Income - Interest Expense. The difference between revenues generated by interest-bearing assets and the cost of servicing liabilities.

Change in Inventory

Inventory change is the difference between the inventory totals for the last reporting period and the current reporting period. The concept is used in calculating the cost of goods sold, and in the materials management department as the starting point for reviewing how well inventory is being managed.

Invested Capital

Invested capital is the total amount of money raised by a company by issuing securities to equity shareholders and debt to bondholders, where the total debt and capital lease obligations are added to the amount of equity issued to investors.

Net PPE Purchase And Sale

Investment analysts and accountants use the PP&E of a company to determine if it is on a sound financial footing and utilizing funds in the most efficient and effective manner. Net PPE = Cross PPE + Capital Expendatures - Accumulated Deprecation (AD)

Investments securities

Investment securities are a category of securities—tradable financial assets such as equities or fixed income instruments—that are purchased with the intention of holding them for investment. Banks often purchase marketable securities to hold in their portfolios; these are usually one of two main sources of revenue, along with loans. Investment securities held by banks as collateral can take the form of equity (ownership stakes) in corporations or debt securities.

Investments And Advances

Investments in affiliates, real estate, securities and payments made before due date

Cash Equivalents

Investments securities that are meant for short-term investing; they have high credit quality and are highly liquid.

Allowance For Doubtful Accounts Receivable

Is a contra account that nets against the total receivables presented on the balance sheet to reflect only the amounts expected to be paid. The allowance for doubtful accounts estimates the percentage of accounts receivable that are expected to be uncollectible.

Accumulated Depreciation

Is the cumulative depreciation of an asset up to a single point in its life. Accumulated depreciation is a contra asset account, meaning its natural balance is a credit that reduces the overall asset value.

Share Issued

Issued shares are the authorized shares sold to and held by the shareholders of a company, regardless of whether they are insiders, institutional investors, or the general public, as shown in the company's annual report. Issued shares include the stock a company sells publicly to generate capital and the stock given to insiders as part of their compensation packages.

Gains Losses that Affect Retained Earnings

Just about an net loss or gain that also affects net income.

Land And Improvements

Land improvements are enhancements to a plot of land to make the land more usable. If these improvements have a useful life, they should be depreciated. If there is no way to estimate a useful life, then do not depreciate the cost of the improvements.

Current Accrued Expenses

Liabilities that have built up over time and are due to be paid. Accrued expenses are considered to be current liabilities because the payment is usually due within one year of the date of the transaction.

Long Term Debt

Long Term Debt (LTD) is any amount of outstanding debt a company holds that has a maturity of 12 months or longer.

Other Non Current Liabilities

Long term liabilities that are not worth mentioning on their own line of the financial statement.

Machinery Furniture Equipment

Machinery, Furniture and Equipment is a line item of property, plant, and equipment under assets on the company's balance sheet. It will depreciate over time.

Total Equity Gross Minority Interest

Minority Interests/Total Equity (%) A minority interest, which is also referred to as non-controlling interest (NCI), is ownership of less than 50% of a company's equity by an investor or another company. ... As such, we penalise companies where equity accounts for a large share of total equity.

Common Stock Issuance

Multiply the number of shares issued by the purchase price per share to determine the price paid for the common stock issuance. For example, if a company sells 1,000 shares of $1 par value stock at $8 per share, the issue price of the common stock is $8,000, since $8 per share multiplied by 1,000 shares equals $8,000.

Net Financing Charges

Net Finance Charges means, for the Relevant Period, the Finance Charges during that period less interest income during that period (other than interest income on Financial Indebtedness between the Issuer and any other Group Company).

Net Other Investing Changes

Net change is the difference between a prior trading period's closing price and the current trading period's closing price for a given security.

Net Short Term Debt

Net debt is calculated by adding up all of a company's short- and long-term liabilities and subtracting its current assets. This figure reflects a company's ability to meet all of its obligations simultaneously using only those assets that are easily liquidated.

Net Debt

Net debt is short and long term liabilities added together, minus current assets. It is used to see how well a company can pay off its debt.

Net Investment

Net investment is the total amount of money that a company spends on capital assets, minus the cost of the depreciation of those assets. This figure provides a sense of the real expenditure on durable goods such as plants, equipment, and software that are being used in the company's operations.

Net Issuance of Debt

Net issuance of debt is the cash a company received or spent through debt related activities such as debt issuance or debt repayment. If a company pays down its debt during the period, this number will be negative. If a company issued more debt, it receives cash and this number is positive.

Net Tangible Assets

Net tangible assets (NTA) are calculated as the total assets of a company, minus any intangible assets such as goodwill, patents, and trademarks, less all liabilities and the par value of preferred stock

Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures

Noncash is defined as information about all investing and financing activities of an enterprise during a period that affect recognized assets or liabilities but that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.

Normalized Income

Normalized earnings are adjusted to remove the effects of seasonality, revenue, and expenses that are unusual or one-time influences. Normalized earnings help business owners, financial analysts, and other stakeholders understand a company's true earnings from its normal operations.

Notional Value

Notional value is a term often used to value the underlying asset in a derivatives trade. It can be the total value of a position, how much value a position controls, or an agreed-upon amount in a contract. This term is used when describing derivative contracts in the options, futures, and currency markets.

Beginning Cash Position

On the cash flows statement, beginning cash is the amount of cash a company has at the start of the fiscal period. This is equal to the ending cash from the previous fiscal period.

Operating Cash Flow

Operating cash flow (OCF) is a measure of the amount of cash generated by a company's normal business operations. Operating cash flow indicates whether a company can generate sufficient positive cash flow to maintain and grow its operations, otherwise, it may require external financing for capital expansion.

Ordinary Shares Number

Ordinary shares, also called common shares, are stocks sold on a public exchange. Each share of stock generally gives its owner the right to one vote at a company shareholders' meeting. Unlike in the case of preferred shares, the owner of ordinary shares is not guaranteed a dividend.

Other Receivables

Other accounts receivable

Purchase of PPE

Purchase of property, plant, and equipment (PPE): The purchase of PPE refers to the times when a company purchases long-term assets, usually of a large and/or expensive nature. ... The proceeds companies make from these types of sales go into the investing activities cash flows.

Purchase of Investment

Purchases of investments: When a company purchases an investment with cash, the price of that purchase decreases the amount of cash available to the company. No matter what type of investment (stock, bond, or something else) it is, the impact on cash influences the cash flows from investing activities.

Reconciled Depreciation

Reconciliation is an accounting process that compares two sets of records to check that figures are correct and in agreement. Account reconciliation also confirms that accounts in the general ledger are consistent, accurate, and complete.

Interest Expense

Relates to the cost of borrowing money. It is the price that a lender charges a borrower for the use of the lender's money. On the income statement, interest expense can represent the cost of borrowing money from banks, bond investors, and other sources.

Repayment of Debt

Repayment is the act of paying back money previously borrowed from a lender. Typically, the return of funds happens through periodic payments, which include both principal and interest. The principal refers to the original sum of money borrowed in a loan. Interest is the charge for the privilege of borrowing money; a borrower must pay interest for the ability to use the funds released to them through the loan. Loans can usually also be fully paid in a lump sum at any time, though some contracts may include an early repayment fee.

Diluted NI Available to Common Stockholders

Represents Net Income that is adjusted by Dilution Adjustment for Diluted EPS computation. Diluted Net Income assumes the conversion of all convertible preferred stock and debt, which means the net income will be adjusted for not paying out any interest expense or preferred dividends.

Retained Earnings

Retained earnings (RE) is the amount of net income left over for the business after it has paid out dividends to its shareholders.

Security

Securities are fungible and tradable financial instruments used to raise capital in public and private markets. There are primarily three types of securities: equity—which provides ownership rights to holders; debt—essentially loans repaid with periodic payments; and hybrids—which combine aspects of debt and equity. Public sales of securities are regulated by the SEC. Self-regulatory organizations such as NASD, NFA, and FINRA also play an important role in regulating derivative securities.

Net PPE

Short for Net Property Plant and Equipment. Property Plant and Equipment is the value of all buildings, land, furniture, and other physical capital that a business has purchased to run its business.

Stock based compensation

Stock Based Compensation (also called Share-Based Compensation or Equity Compensation) is a way of paying employees, executives, and directors of a company with equity in the business.

Repurchase of Capital Stock

Stock buybacks refer to the repurchasing of shares of stock by the company that issued them. A buyback occurs when the issuing company pays shareholders the market value per share and re-absorbs that portion of its ownership that was previously distributed among public and private investors.

Changes in Account Receivables

Subtract the current year accounts receivable balance from the previous year balance. This calculates the decrease in accounts receivable, or the additional money collected during the year. This equals the cash inflow from the change in accounts receivable.

Supplemental Data

Supplemental data may include additional figures, tables, materials and methods, or other items that add value to the manuscript, but are not necessary to understand the underlying research. Supplemental data should not be used to circumvent the word count or figure limits of a submission.

Tangible Book Value

Tangible book value (TBV) of a company is what common shareholders can expect to receive if a firm goes bankrupt—thereby forcing the liquidation of its assets at the book value price. Intangible assets, such as goodwill, are not included in tangible book value because they cannot be sold during liquidation.

Basic EPS

Tells investors how much of a firm's net income was allotted to each share of common stock.

Forex

The Foreign Exchange Market, where the majority of the world's currencies are bought and sold.

Change in Other Current Assets

The Increase or decrease of other current assets from one period to the next.Change in Other Current Assets is a line item on the company's consolidated statement of cash flows.

Price/Book (mrq)

The P/B ratio measures the market's valuation of a company relative to its book value. The market value of equity is typically higher than the book value of a company, P/B ratio is used by value investors to identify potential investments. P/B ratios under 1 are typically considered solid investments.

Tax Provision

The amount of income taxes a company estimates it will pay in a given year. ... Income taxes are paid annually, but businesses will generally pay their estimated tax quarterly.

Diluted Average Shares

The amount of shares outstanding after all conversion possibilities are implemented over the reporting period.

Basic Average Shares

The average number of current shares in company's stock outstanding over the reporting period, before accounting for the effects of dilution from events like exercises of employee options, convertible bonds, and so forth.

Capital Lease Obligations

The capital lease requires a renter to book assets and liabilities associated with the lease if the rental contract meets specific requirements. In essence, a capital lease is considered a purchase of an asset, while an operating lease is handled as a true lease under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).

Proceeds from Issuance of Long-term Debt and Capital Securities, Net

The cash inflow associated with security instrument that either represents a creditor or an ownership relationship with the holder of the investment security with a maturity of beyond one year or normal operating cycle, if longer. Includes proceeds from (a) debt, (b) capital lease obligations, (c) mandatory redeemable capital securities, and (d) any combination of (a), (b), or (c).

Enterprise Value/EBITDA

The enterprise value to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ratio (EV/EBITDA) compares the value of a company—debt included—to the company's cash earnings less non-cash expenses. The EV/EBITDA metric is a popular valuation tool that helps investors compare companies in order to make an investment decision. EV calculates a company's total value or assessed worth, while EBITDA measures a company's overall financial performance and profitability. Typically, when evaluating a company, an EV/EBITDA value below 10 is seen as healthy. It's best to use the EV/EBITDA metric when comparing companies within the same industry or sector.

FOREX

The foreign exchange market is a global decentralized or over-the-counter market for the trading of currencies. This market determines foreign exchange rates for every currency. It includes all aspects of buying, selling and exchanging currencies at current or determined prices.

Change in Other Current Liabilities

The increase or decrease in other current liabilities from one period to the next.Change in Other Current Liabilities is a line item on the company's consolidated statement of cash flows.

Net Income Common Stockholders

The net income applicable to common shares figure on an income statement is the bottom-line profit belonging to the common stockholders, who are the ultimate owners, a company reported during the period being measured.

Price/Sales (ttm)

The price-to-sales ratio (Price/Sales or P/S) is calculated by taking a company's market capitalization (the number of outstanding shares multiplied by the share price) and divide it by the company's total sales or revenue over the past 12 months. The lower the P/S ratio, the more attractive the investment.

PEG Ratio

The price/earnings to growth ratio (PEG ratio) is a stock's price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio divided by the growth rate of its earnings for a specified time period. The PEG ratio is used to determine a stock's value while also factoring in the company's expected earnings growth, and it is thought to provide a more complete picture than the more standard P/E ratio.

Interest Income

The revenue earned by lending money to other entities and the term is usually found in the company's income statement to report the interest earned on the cash held in the savings account, certificates of deposits or other investments.

Short Ratio

The short Interest ratio is a simple formula that divides the number of shares short in a stock by the stock's average daily trading volume. Simply put, the ratio can help an investor find out very quickly if a stock is heavily shorted or not shorted versus its average daily trading volume. The term is also used interchangeably with days to cover.

Selling General and Administrative (SG&A)

The sum of all direct and indirect selling expenses and all general and administrative expenses (G&A) of a company.

Cost of Revenue

The total cost of manufacturing and delivering a product or service.

Gross PPE

The total cost you paid for all the assets at the start of the balance-sheet period. If your buildings, equipment and vehicles cost you a total of $1.2 million, that's your starting point.

Total Capitalization

The total long-term debt and all types of equity of a company that constitutes its capital structure.

Trailing P/E

The trailing price-to-earnings ratio looks at a company's share price in the market relative to its past year's earnings per share. Trailing P/E is considered a useful indicator to standardize and compare relative share price between time periods and among companies. Trailing P/E, though widespread in use, is limited in that past earnings may not accurately reflect the current or future earnings situation of the company.

Investment in Financial Assets

This class consists of investing money on their own account in predominantly financial assets such as shares, bonds, bills and financial derivatives (including mortgages), excluding units of separately constituted superannuation funds.

Trade and Other Payables Non Current

Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired from suppliers in the ordinary course of business. Trade payables are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities.

Warrants

Warrants are a derivative that give the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a security—most commonly an equity—at a certain price before expiration. The price at which the underlying security can be bought or sold is referred to as the exercise price or strike price. An American warrant can be exercised at any time on or before the expiration date, while European warrants can only be exercised on the expiration date. Warrants that give the right to buy a security are known as call warrants; those that give the right to sell a security are known as put warrants.

Sale of Investment

When a company sells an investment, it results in a gain or loss which is recognized in income statement. A gain on sale of investment arises when the (disposal) value of an investment exceeds its cost. Similarly, a capital loss is when the value of investment drops below its cost.

Working Capital

Working capital, also known as net working capital (NWC), is the difference between a company's current assets, such as cash, accounts receivable (customers' unpaid bills) and inventories of raw materials and finished goods, and its current liabilities, such as accounts payable. Net operating working capital is a measure of a company's liquidity and refers to the difference between operating current assets and operating current liabilities.

Pretax Income

a company's income after all operating expenses, including interest and depreciation, have been deducted from total sales or revenues, but before income taxes have been subtracted. ... Also known as pretax income or earnings before tax (EBT)

Interest Expense Non Operating

a non-operating expense

contra account

an account that reduces a related account on a financial statement

ETF

exchange traded fund

Operating Income

gross profit - operating expenses

ttm

trailing twelve months