fine arts theatre- test 3

Prior to the modern era, most of the plays in Western culture were written by (select all that apply) Oppressed people Men White people Poor people

Men White people

ritual comes from the word _____

"rite"

Jerome Robbins

1918 - 1998 Jerome Robbins was a Jewish-American choreographer, director, dancer, and producer who worked in a myriad of art forms including ballet, stage, film, and television. In 1944 he conceived and choreographed On the Town. Insisting the chorus reflect the racial diversity of a New York City crowd, On the Town broke the color bar on Broadway for the first time. He's perhaps best known for West Side Story, and also received accolades for Fiddler on the Roof.

Gower Champion

1919 - 1980 Champion was an American actor, director, choreographer, and dancer. During the 1930's and 1940's he worked on Broadway as a solo dancer and choreographer and in 1948 began directing, as well. In 1964 he directed and choreographed Hello, Dolly!, which ran almost seven years and was one of Broadway's most successful productions at the time. He's also known for Bye Bye Birdie and 42nd Street.

Bob Fosse

1927 - 1987 Bob Fosse was an American dancer, choreographer, director, screenwriter, film director and actor. He was nominated for eleven Tony awards for choreography, winning eight, three more than anyone else in history, including Gower Champion, who won five. An innovative choreographer, Fosse's distinct style has influenced dancers and choreographers, including Michael Jackson and Beyoncé. He's best known for Chicago, Cabaret, Pippin, and The Pajama Game.

Bill T. Jones

1952 - PRESENT Bill T. Jones has a long and distinguished career as a dancer and choreographer. He's worked with the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, Boston Ballet, and many other professional companies. In musical theatre, he won Tony awards for Fela! (which he also co-created and directed), and the ground-breaking Spring Awakening. He won a MacArthur "Genius" Award in 1994 and a National Medal of Arts in 2014.

Susan Stroman

1954 - PRESENT Susan Stroman is an American director, choreographer, and dancer. She has won five Tony Awards, four for choreography, and one for directing The Producers. Her work also includes Contact, Young Frankenstein, and Big Fish. In 2004, Stroman became the first woman to choreograph a full-length ballet for New York City Ballet.

Andy Blankenbuehler

1970 - PRESENT Like many choreographers, Andy Blankenbuehler started as a performer in such shows as Guys and Dolls and Fosse. Hefirst gained traction when he won the Tony for his choreography for In The Heights, Lin-Manuel Miranda's first Broadway show. He was nominated for Tonys for 9 to 5 and Bring It On, and won again for Hamilton, his second collaboration with Miranda.

Sophocles

496-406 B. C. E. Sophocles was an actor before he became a playwright. He wrote over 120 plays, winning 1st place at City Dionysia eighteen times, never finishing lower than 2nd.

How long did the festival of Dionysus (City Dionysia) last?

5 days

ceremony

A ceremony is a formal act (sometimes even a ritual) that is part of a social or religious occasion. A wedding and a graduation are both ceremonies. Ceremonies are often re- peated at irregular intervals.

What is a dithyramb? A festival celebrating Dionysis. A hymn that is sung or chanted and danced to in honor of Dionysis. A work of theatre criticism written by Aristotle. A half goat/half man.

A hymn that is sung or chanted and danced to in honor of Dionysis.

ritual

A ritual (from the word "rite") is a series of actions done in the same order in accordance with social customs or religious law. Rituals are often repeated on a regular basis; making tea is a ritual in some cultures.

absurdism

Absurdism, sometimes called Theatre of the Absurd, was a product of the existentialist movement and the mind of French Algerian philosopher and writer Albert Camus. Camus published his essay The Myth of Sisyphus, in which Sisyphusis condemned forever to roll a rock up to the top of a mountain only to have it roll back down. The cyclical nature of the story and the futility of the action became the basis for the Absurdists. The aftermath of World War II provided the social environment that stimulated absurdist views and allowed for their popular development, especially in the devastated country of France. Absurdism is defined as "man's futile search for meaning, unity, and clarity in the face of an unintelligible world devoid of God and eternal truths or values." The plays were often stylized with non-sequiturs, existentialism, nihilism, repetition, horrific situations, and meaningless action. Examples include Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot and Endgame.

William Shakespeare held which of the following positions during the period of English Renaissance theatre? Select all that apply. Actor Manager of a theatre company Owner of a theatre Playwright

Actor Manager of a theatre company Owner of a theatre Playwright

Anton Chekhov

Anton Chekhov was a Russian physician, playwright, and author of short stories who was involved with the Moscow Art Theatre, which produced many of his plays, premiering several. His plays concentrated less on action and more on mood and the inner life of his characters. Chekhov's plays include The Seagull, Uncle Vanya, The Cherry Orchard, and Three Sisters. Throughout his career he continued to work as a physician, saying, "Medicine is my lawful wife and literature is my mistress."

Match the following people with their contribution to theatre. Anton Chekhov Constantin Stanislavsky Henrik Ibsen Bertolt Brecht A. Russian playwright. His works include The Seagull, The Cherry Orchard, and Three Sisters B. Russian actor, director, and founder of the Moscow Art Theatre C. Norwegian playwright, the father of realism D. German playwright and director, works include The Caucasian Chalk Circle and Mother Courage and Her Children

Anton Chekhov: A Constantin Stanislavsky: B Henrik Ibsen: C Bertolt Brecht: D

history of musical theatre

As we saw in Chapter 10, theatre responds to what came before it and what is happening around it. Similarly, musical theatre grew from a variety of entertainments that proceeded it. Vaudeville, Extravaganzas, Minstrel Shows, Burlesque Shows, Operas and Operettas all contributed to the emergence of musical theatre as we know it today.

colorblind casting

As you just read, the people writing, producing and creating theatre are a diverse group, but theatre has diversified in other ways, as well. One way is through colorblind casting. Colorblind casting refers to the idea of casting the right person for the role regardless of their race or ethnicity. Casting an African-American woman as Hero in Much Ado About Nothing when the actor playing her father, Leonato, is caucasian would be an example of this. The hit musical Hamilton goes beyond even colorblind casting and deliberately casts actors of color in roles such as George Washington, John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, etc.

Beauty and the Beast

Beauty and the Beast first premiered in 1994 featuring music by Alan Mencken, book by Linda Wolverton, and lyrics by Howard Ashman and Tim Rice. The first Disney movie to be adapted to the Broadway stage, it is widely thought to have saved Broadway from its decline. Since, a number of Disney movies have been adapted to the stage, with more to come! Major songs include: "Beauty and the Beast," "Be Our Guest," and "Gaston."

futurism

Beginning in 1909, Filippo Marinetti lead a movement known as Futurism, which glorified the machine age and was a proponent of war and industrialization. He believed the new age required a new art form and it was intended to assault the audience. Velimir Khlebnikov's Zangezi: A Supersaga in Twenty Planes is an example of Futurism.

__________________ introduced the principle known as Verfrem-dungseffekt, or "alienation effect" to theatre during the first part of the 20th century.

Bertolt Brecht

theatre of alienation

Brecht wrote, "It is most important that one of the main features of the ordinary theatre should be excluded from [epic theatre]: the engendering of illusion." In other words, the audience must be constantly aware that what they are watching is not real; there should be no illusion. The intention is to ensure the audience does not engage emotionally with the material but to encourage them to engage intellectually with it, instead. By engaging intellectually with the material the audience is forced to examine the issue presented and make a choice as to what action they would or should take.

The renaissance period was a rebirth of the which era?

Classical Era

Henrik Ibsen

Considered the "father of realism," Henrik Ibsen published his first play in 1850. He wrote 25 plays, including A Doll's House and An Enemy of the People. He did not resolve his plays in ways that supported accepted ideas; rather, his plays suggested those ideas were the cause of the problems. Ibsen did away with non-realistic devices such as soliloquies and asides and created characters who grew logically from their environments..

Uta Hagen, Stella Adler, Michael Chekhov, and Lee Strasberg have all based their actor training on whose work? Anton Chekhov Stephen Sondheim Constantin Stanislavsky Tristan Tzara

Constantin Stanislavsky

cycle plays- medieval period

Cycle plays were developed from the tradition of liturgical drama, telling the entire story of the Bible. Individual trade guilds would each take a parable from the Bible that corresponded with their craft and present it within the cycle; for example, the Boatwrights would do Noah's Ark, and the Bakers would do The Lords Supper. Each play was very short and often moved from place to place on a pageant wagon. Some of these cycles lasted days. The cycle plays built community, provided a break in routine, and reinforced the social hierarchy of the time.

dadaism

Dadaism originated in 1916 and was based on the work of Tristan Tzara. While the movement did not last, it was highly influential. An attack on traditional art, Dadaism attempted to confuse and antagonize the audience. It's intent was to hold a mirror up to a senseless world. Examples include Tzara's The Gas Heart and Handkerchief of Clouds.

surrealism

Developing out of Dadaism in 1924, Surrealism attempted to recreate the works of the subconscious mind- mixing reason with fantasy. It was often very sexual, violent, and/or grotesque. Examples include Frederick García Lorca's The Public and Play Without a Title.

Which Greek god was honored with a theatre festival?

Dionysus

Beginning in the 5th century B.C.E., a festival honoring _________, the Greek god of the harvest and wine, was held each spring. This festival was called ____________________.

Dionysus; City Dionysia

medieval period- rise of the church

During this period religion flourished and the rise in Christianity led to a decline in theatre. Eventually the Church banned theatre altogether and for hundreds of years no theatre was practiced in Europe, although other popular entertainments continued to flourish, such as juggling, mime, and singing.

Theatre of Alienation is also called _______________ Theatre.

Epic

Renaissance period

For hundreds of years Europeans had been living in the shadow of cultures that had better technology, larger cities, more sophisticated government, and architecture they could not reproduce. As Greek and Roman writings were translated and made their way through Europe, the people of the time did everything in their power to recapture the glory of those fallen empires. Writings on virtually every subject were studied and applied to current practices. Architecture, poetry, playwriting, civil engineering were all greatly impacted.

diversity in casting

For hundreds of years, theatre was considered a "good ole' boys'" club; with only a handful of exceptions, all plays were written, produced and performed by heterosexual, white men. Today, dramatists of every ethnicity, social status, sexual orientation, gender, and ideology have a voice. This diversity provides audiences and artists exposure to ideas, social structures, and ideologies that have never been seen on stage before. Like many things, at first this was met with resistance, but soon these diverse voices became major players in American Theatre, bringing home Tony awards, Pulitzer Prizes, and having enormous box office success.

Moscow Art Theatre

Founded by Konstantin Stanislavsky and Vladimir Danchenko in 1898 as a venue for the new style of theatre being developed (Realism), the Moscow Art Theatre was highly influential in the theatre world. It grew in renown after staging several works by playwright Anton Chekov, including The Seagull, which was such a huge success, that the seagull became the theatre's logo. Still in operation today, it now functions as a school, the Moscow Art Theatre Studio, and a performance venue.

gender blind casting

Gender-blind casting is similar in that the best person for the role is cast regardless of gender. While this is not always possible or advisable, this is one way casts are being diversified and frequently it has no bearing on the story itself. The play Twelve Angry Men is about twelve jurors in the 1950's participating in a murder case. As the title might indicate, these roles were written for twelve men. Today this play is often performed with all women, or a combination of both men and women, in spite of the title. In 2015, the Wilma Theatre in Philadelphia produced Shakespeare's Hamlet and cast British-African actress Zainab Jah in the title role.

Gladiatorial events

Gladiatorial events took place in the same venues, and sometimes even on the same day, as theatrical events. Quite violent, all of this was part of popular entertainment. As you read in Chapter 2, Roman coliseums were shared spaces for sporting events and theatrical productions, so it is no surprise they were anxious to include violence and death on stage, as well.

The Romans admired the _______ and borrowed heavily from their culture.

Greeks Fashion, architecture, and even Greek gods were adapted and taken on by the Romans, so it is no surprise they also borrowed heavily from Greek theatre.

expressionism

Growing from Symbolism, Expressionism explored the distortion of reality to express inner life. It had a dreamlike quality, and characters were given titles rather than names. Characterized by an episodic structure, events not causally related and they were often very political in nature. Expressionist plays were primarily concerned with how some something made you feel. Examples include Eugene O'Neill's The Hairy Ape, and Elmer Rice's The Adding Machine.

Hair

Hair first premiered in 1967, featuring music by Galt MacDermot, with books and lyrics by James Rado and Gerome Ragni. Considered the first "rock" musical, it contained taboo subject matter including frank sexual content, full frontal nudity, and drug references. Major songs include "Aquarius," "Good Morning Starshine," and "Hair."

Hamilton

Hamilton first premiered in 2015 with music, lyrics and book by Lin-Manuel Miranda. Among other awards, it was nominated for a record-setting 16 Tony Awards, winning 11, including Best Musical. The portrayal of Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, and other Caucasian historical figures by African American and Hispanic actors marks this musical as incredibly bold and diverse. Additionally, Miranda's use of rap and hip-hop music was groundbreaking as well. Major songs include: "Alexander Hamilton", "My Shot", and "You'll Be Back."

Which best describes Dada theatre? Plays deal with parental issues, father figure prominent. Holds a mirror up to a senseless world, attempts to confuse and antagonize the audience. Dreamlike quality, explores the inner life of characters. Fully integrates the book, dance, and songs of the show.

Holds a mirror up to a senseless world, attempts to confuse and antagonize the audience.

Shakespeare

In addition to writing 37 plays, Shakespeare was an actor, a manager of an acting troupe, and owned a theatre. His plays were most commonly performed at the Globe Theatre on the south bank of the Thames, in London. Shakespeare wrote about mortality and love, among other things. His plays include the following, among others: Romeo and Juliet• Othello• A Midsummer Night's Dream • Much Ado About Nothing Hamlet• Macbeth• King Lear• The Tempest• As You Like It• The Merchant of Venice • The Taming of the Shrew

difference between greek plays and roman adaptations of greek plays

Many of the popular Greek plays were rewritten by Roman playwrights and adapted to suit Roman culture. While violence happened off-stage in Greek plays, the Romans reveled in spectacle and deaths were always shown on stage in the Roman adaptations.

Konstantin Stanislavsky

Konstantin Stanislavsky was a Russian actor, director, and manager of The Moscow Art Theatre. Stanislavsky saw theatre as a laboratory of sorts- a place where he could experiment with what he felt theatre could be, as opposed to what it had been. One of the foremost theatre practitioners of all time, Stanislavsky developed a system for actors to produce believable emotion in performance (truthful action in imaginary circumstances). This level of commitment and credibility in acting is achieved through activities that exercise the actor's emotional and sensory recall, focus and concentration, and tapping into their own life experiences in order to connect to the imaginary circumstances of the play. His work is the basis for nearly all modern acting teachers, many of which have used his teachings as the foundation for their acting methodology.

Which of the following is an important element of Futurism? Robots Industrialization Clocks Time Travel

Industrialization

Examples of Bertolt Brecht's work include:

Mother Courage and her Children The Caucasian Chalk Circle

musical theatre

Musical Theatre is theatre that includes music, songs, and often dance. It's technically non-realism but it did not develop in rebellion against realism, like other anti-realism forms often did. Strongly influenced by European forms, musical theatre is considered a truly American art form, and is a huge part of contemporary theatre.

Naturalism

Naturalism, sometimes known as "slice of life" theatre, is a more extreme version of Realism. In some naturalistic productions, artists were so committed to the "fourth wall" that actors might face away from the audience for extended periods of time, if that's what would have "naturally" occurred in those circumstances.

Medieval period/dark ages

Near the end of the 5th century the Roman Empire fell and Europe was invaded by barbarians and broken into tiny feudal states. This period is known as the Medieval Period, or The Dark Ages. This refers to the time between the Classical Era of the Greeks, and the Renaissance.

non-realism

Non-realistic art was not limited to theatre, but occurred in virtually every art form. These movements (realism and non-realism) were simultaneous and related. They also spread quickly across the globe, being practiced in Europe and America. These modes of art were a reaction to realism. Many artists thought that much more could be expressed and communicated through the use of symbols, emotion, mood, atmosphere, song, and surrealism. They were not interested in a literal representation or interpretation of life. As far as non-realists were concerned, realistic life was boring and uninspired.

Oklahoma!

Oklahoma first premiered in 1943, directed by Rouben Mammalian, with choreography by Agnes de Mille, book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, and music by Richard Rodgers. It was the first show to fully integrate dance into storytelling and is credited with beginning of the "Golden Age" of Musical Theatre. Major songs include "Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'," "Surry with the Fringe on Top," and "Oklahoma!"

Platus

PLAUTUS 254 - 184 B. C. E. As a playwright, Plautus was wildly popular. He integrated song and dance in to Roman comedic plays and his subject matter was largely romance. He wrote nearly 130 plays, 20 of which survived intact, including Menaechmi, which was adapted by Shakespeare, among others.

Which of the following playwrights had his work adapted by Shakespeare and Rodgers and Hart? Euripides Seneca Terence Plautus

Plautus

choreographer-director

Prior to and during the Golden Age of Musical Theatre the director and choreographer were typically two distinct positions. The 1960's and 70's saw the rise of the choreographer-director, one person who fulfilled both rolls at once. Shows directed by these artist have an incredibly strong dance component, and often feature dance as a storytelling device. Dancers who were past their performance "prime" often turned to directing and choreographing.

Realism

Realism can be defined as the set of practices and conventions developed with the aim of presenting material with a greater likeness to everyday life. Events in the mid- to late-1800s started theatre on a trajectory towards realism. Realism developed during the late 19th century with the aim of presenting material with a greater likeness to everyday life, spurred by the societal changes that led to the secular humanism movement. Playwrights wrote about taboo subject matter such as sexual double standards, religious hypocrisy, disease, and unhappy home lives. They often called for social change were frequently morally ambiguous. Additionally, theatre saw the emergence of more complex characters, rather than many of the stock, two-dimensional characters of a lot of style work.

evolution from realism to contemporary theatre

Realism continues to be the primary form of theatre in contemporary society. It made its way to the United States via The Group Theatre (founding members included Harold Clurman, Lee Strasberg, Cheryl Crawford, Sanford Meisner, and Stella Adler). Realism produced iconic and influential playwrights such as Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller, Lorraine Hansberry, Neil Simon, Wendy Wasserstein, and more.

Match the following theatre genres with their descriptions. Realism Expressionism Surrealism Symbolism A. Mixes realism with fantasy in an attempt to recreate the workings of the subconscious. B. Dreamlike, often political, more concerned with how it makes you feel. C. Presents action with a greater likeness to real life. D. Used metaphors, songs, and poetry to reveal inner life; abandoned traditional plot and action in favor of atmosphere, mood, and lyrical expression.

Realism: C Expressionism: B Surrealism: A Symbolism: D

Most art movements progress rather linearly, with one movement growing out of the previous, but both _________ and __________ progressed at the same time.

Realism; Non-Realism

"Renaissance" means what? Redo Rebirth Recycle Revamp

Rebirth

Satyr plays

Satyr plays were vulgar, bawdy plays that often made fun of Greek institutions and followed the tragic form. Only one satyr play surveys in its entirety, The Cyclops; all other scripts were lost. We get the modern word "satire" from satyr.

Which of the following is the logo for the Moscow Art Theatre? Seagull Pelican Eagle Owl

Seagull

Showboat

Showboat first premiered in 1927. It was produced by Florenz Ziegfeld and featured books and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II and music by Jerome Kern. It was the first "book" musical- a musical in which the story and the music were of a serious nature and told a complete story. Major songs included "Old Man River" and "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man."

Which of the following playwrights wrote Oedipus Rex? Aechylus Euripides Plautus Sophocles

Sophocles

Sweeny Todd

Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street first premiered in 1979 featuring music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by Hugh Wheeler. Considered a horror/thriller musical, it was based on a play by Christopher Bond. Many consider this to be Stephen Sondheim's masterpiece and it addressed subject matter such as serial killings, cannibalism, and revenge. Major songs include: "A Little Priest," "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd," and "The Worst Pies in London."

symbolism

Symbolism used symbols, metaphor, songs, and poetry to reveal one's inner life. It abandoned traditional plot and action in favor of atmosphere, mode, and lyrical expression. Many "Realists" experimented with Symbolism. Examples include Alfred Jarry's Ubu Roi and Oscar Wilde's Salome.

What was happening in the world around 1859?

The 1859 publication of Charles Darwin's seminal work On the Origin of Species created shockwaves through every area of society. Biblical ideas that had been believed for centuries were now questioned. Scientific, technological, industrial, and medical advances also profoundly affected the way people saw themselves and their world. Improvements to the microscope allowed people to see things formerly invisible to the naked eye, assembly lines started to take humans out of the picture regarding manufacturing, and Sigmund Freud's founding of psychoanalysis had society questioning what it had assumed was fixed and unchanging. Widespread wars, violent skirmishes, increased globalism, and colonialism also rocked the way humans saw their place in the world.

In the Medieval period, trade guilds would take a story from _____________ that corresponded with their craft and present it as part of the performance cycle. The Golden Mean The Quran The Bible The Torah

The Bible

The Black Crook

The Black Crook first opened in 1866, with book by Charles M. Barrass, and American playwright. Most of the music is adapted, with the exception of a few pieces written by George Bickwell with lyrics by Theodore Kennick. This production is the reason America can claim musical theatre as an original American art form.

Which of the following genres best fits the description: "Uses Verfremdungseffekt in order to distance the audience emotionally in order to connect intellectually." Realism Symbolism Theatre of Alienation Dadaism

Theatre of Alienation

Theatre employing the "alienation effect" principle is known as _________________, or _____________.

Theatre of Alienation; Epic Theatre

Chorus

The role of the chorus was to comment on the action of the play, provide background information, and express the emotional state of the characters, among other things. As time passed, the number of chorus members diminished, and several "leaders" emerged. As this happened, theatre as we know it today began to be established!

other kinds of ways to include diverse casts

There are also numerous theatre companies and organizations that are dedicated to representing previously underrepresented groups through their productions. There are theatre companies for various ethnic and cultural groups, theatres for deaf audiences, theatres for people with physical disabilities, and more. Recent revivals of the musicals Big River and Spring Awakening had both deaf and hearing actors playing lead roles, and both productions were heralded by critics.

Which of the following are elements of liturgical drama? Select all that apply. Told biblical stories Great teaching tool used by the church Performed by professional actors Performed by clergy and later by lay people

Told biblical stories Great teaching tool used by the church Performed by clergy and later by lay people

authorship of medieval period plays

Unlike plays written during the Classical Period, plays written during the Dark Ages were intended to glorify God, not man, so a playwright's name was typically not attached to a text. The Church used theatre to teach people stories from the Bible and to reinforce the hierarchy of the Church. We do not know the authorship of any of the surviving medieval plays we have access to.

Which of the following are elements of Roman theatre? Select all that apply. Violence on stage Spectacle least important element Performed in same venue as gladiatorial combat Borrowed plots from Greek theatre

Violence on stage Performed in same venue as gladiatorial combat Borrowed plots from Greek theatre

West Side Story

West Side Story first premiered in 1957, with music by Leonard Bernstein, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and book by Arthur Laurents. It was a masterpiece in which the book (script), lyrics, music, and dance were all fully integrated in to the story. Additionally, it introduced new, dangerous subject matter (rape, murder) to the musical theatre stage, and was Stephen Sondheim's first Broadway musical. Major songs include "Maria", "America," and "Gee, Officer Krupke."

Renaissance period: All over Europe, there was an explosion of playwriting and theatrical performance. New theatres were being built, professional actors, playwrights, and producers were putting on shows (translations of Greek and Roman plays as well as many, many new works). During this period, perhaps the most famous playwright ever emerged in England: _______________________.

William Shakespeare

Theatre requires two essential elements:

a performer (the storyteller) and an audience (someone to listen to the story)

Theatre that emerged during the renaissance period was very different from the theatre that came before it. While liturgical dramas and cycle plays were intended to honor and glorify God, plays written during the Renaissance focused more on:

the individual and his or her experiences. This reflected popular concepts of the time, as a renewed interest in Greek and Latin ideas emerged and the focus shifted away from the Church.

chapter 10

chapter 10

chapter 11

chapter 11

chapter 9

chapter 9

As part of the festival City Dionysia, people sang choral odes, hymns called __________, and people danced to honor Dionysus.

dithyrambs Dithyrambs soon became a literary form and were eventually dramatized in to plays.

True or false: Different periods in theatre history typically develop in isolation; they are not in reaction to what came before it.

false

The most common association with Roman entertainment is probably ____________.

gladiators

After the Renaissance, theatre continued in much the same vein for ___________________. While it changed somewhat with the times, plays were still written in _________, the characters were still drawn from the same _____________, and the subject matter of the plays remained similar. In the late 18th century, playwrights began exploring other modes of storytelling on stage. This shocked audiences, both ________ and _________ them. There were riots demanding these new styles be abandoned for the old and there was an explosion of creativity as artists were inspired to do new things on stage.

hundreds of years verse; social groups thrilling; repulsing

liturgical dramas

medieval period- rise of the church At this time most of the population was illiterate and the Church began using liturgical dramas as a way to teach people Bible stories and to reinforce the hierarchy of the Church. Soon, liturgical dramas became very popular and people outside the Church began to write and perform them as well. They often had large casts, costumes, and even simple sets. All of these people were amateurs and did these plays for fun and to bring glory to God.

In the 5th century, Greek plays were comprised of _________________ and __________________________.

one leader; a chorus of 50 men

The era of "isms" was a reaction to what genre of theatre?

realism

Renaissance is the French word for "__________."

rebirth

In addition to storytelling, _________ and _____________ are part of theatre's history.

ritual; ceremony Frequently these involved masks or makeup, special clothing (costumes), special or significant locations (sets), music or chanting, and movement, or dance. Most, if not all, dramatic forms have roots in ritual and ceremony.

The comedy play presented was called a _________ play.

satyr

Renaissance theatre was also very different because it was both _________ and _____________, for the first time. Instead of centering around a religious ceremony like City Dionysa, or the Church itself like in Medieval theatre, Renaissance theatre existed _________________, and those who participated were paid in some manner for their time and talent. Because it was not associated with a particular season or celebration it was ____________.

secular; professional independently year-round

Storytelling is a universally human activity; we use it to...

teach life lessons and history, preserve memories, and entertain one another.

"The word theatre comes from the Greeks. It means ________________. It is the place people come to see the truth about life and the social situation." - Stella Adler

the seeing place

At City Dionysia, each playwright presented ____________________ and ____________, and awards were given to the best playwrights..

three tragedies; one comedy

Early Greek plays consisted of a chorus comprised of _____________ members and ________ individuals who interacted with one another as well as with the chorus, to tell the story. Sophocles introduced a third actor in to this formula, which heightened conflict within the play. He also increased the size of the chorus from twelve to fifteen. Of his works only __________ tragedies remain, including Oedipus Rex and Antigone. Only parts of his satyr plays remain.

twelve; two seven

Even as leaders emerged, Greek plays continued to be written in _________, reflecting the song-like nature of the dithyramb.

verse