fluid and electrolytes

Which of the following is the most common cause of symptomatic hypomagnesemia in the United States? Alcoholism Intestinal resection Inflammatory bowel disease Loss of gastric acid

Alcoholism

The weight of a client with congestive heart failure is monitored daily and entered into the medical record. In a 24-hour period, the client's weight increased by 2 lb. How much fluid is this client retaining? 1 L 500 ml 1500 ml 1250 ml

1 L

A patient is admitted with severe vomiting for 24 hours as well as weakness and "feeling exhausted." The nurse observes flat T waves and ST-segment depression on the electrocardiogram. Which potassium level does the nurse observe when the laboratory studies are complete? 4.5 mEq/L 5.5 mEq/L 2.5 mEq/L 3.5 mEq/L

2.5 mEq/L

A 54-year-old male patient is admitted to the hospital with a case of severe dehydration. The nurse reviews the patient's laboratory results. Which of the following results are consistent with the diagnosis? Select all that apply. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 23 mg/dL Serum osmolality of 310 mOsm/kg Serum sodium of 148 mEq/L Serum glucose of 90 mg/dL Urine specific gravity of 1.03 Hematocrit level of 48%

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 23 mg/dL Serum osmolality of 310 mOsm/kg Serum sodium of 148 mEq/L Urine specific gravity of 1.03

A client reports tingling in the fingers as well as feeling depressed. The nurse assesses positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs. Which decreased laboratory results does the nurse observe when the client's laboratory work has returned? Potassium Phosphorus Calcium Iron

Calcium

The nurse is caring for a client with a serum sodium concentration of 113 mEq/L (113 mmol/L). The nurse should monitor the client for the development of which condition? Confusion Headache Nausea Hallucinations

Confusion

Which findings indicate that a client has developed water intoxication secondary to treatment for diabetes insipidus? Confusion and seizures Sunken eyeballs and spasticity Flaccidity and thirst Tetany and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels

Confusion and seizures

The nurse is caring for a client with a serum potassium concentration of 6.0 mEq/L (6.0 mmol/L) and a fluid volume excess. The client is ordered to receive oral sodium polystyrene sulfonate and furosemide. What other order should the nurse anticipate giving? Discontinue the intravenous lactated Ringer solution. Increase the rate of the intravenous lactated Ringer solution. Change the lactated Ringer solution to 3% saline. Change the lactated Ringer solution to 2.5% dextrose.

Discontinue the intravenous lactated Ringer solution.

A nurse is assessing a client with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. Which finding requires further action? Tetanic contractions Jugular vein distention Weight loss Polyuria

Jugular vein distention

Which electrolyte is a major cation in body fluid? Chloride Bicarbonate Potassium Phosphate

Potassium

Which of the following arterial blood gas results would be consistent with metabolic alkalosis? Serum bicarbonate of 28 mEq/L PaCO2 less than 35 mm Hg Serum bicarbonate of 21 mEq/L pH 7.26

Serum bicarbonate of 28 mEq/L

Following a unilateral adrenalectomy, a nurse should assess for hyperkalemia as indicated by: muscle weakness. tremors. diaphoresis. constipation.

muscle weakness.

Fluid and electrolyte balance is maintained through the process of translocation. What specific process allows water to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area? osmosis filtration evaporation active transport

osmosis 253

At which serum sodium concentration might convulsions or coma occur? 130 mEq/L (130 mmol/L) 145 mEq/L (145 mmol/L) 140 mEq/L (140 mmol/L) 142 mEq/L (142 mmol/L)

130 mEq/L (130 mmol/L)

A nurse is providing an afternoon shift report and relates morning assessment findings to the oncoming nurse. Which daily assessment data is necessary to determine changes in the client's hypervolemia status? vital signs edema intake and output weight

weight

The nurse is caring for a client in the intensive care unit (ICU) following a near-drowning event in saltwater. The client is restless, lethargic, and demonstrating tremors. Additional assessment findings include swollen and dry tongue, flushed skin, and peripheral edema. The nurse anticipates that the client's serum sodium value would be 155 mEq/L (155 mmol/L) 145 mEq/L (145 mmol/L) 135 mEq/L (135 mmol/L) 125 mEq/L (125 mmol/L)

155 mEq/L (155 mmol/L)

A patient's serum sodium concentration is within the normal range. What should the nurse estimate the serum osmolality to be? <136 mOsm/kg 275-300 mOsm/kg >408 mOsm/kg 350-544 mOsm/kg

275-300 mOsm/kg

Which intervention is most appropriate for a client with an arterial blood gas (ABG) of pH 7.5, a partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 26 mm Hg, oxygen (O2) saturation of 96%, bicarbonate (HCO3-) of 24 mEq/L, and a PaO2 of 94 mm Hg? Administer an ordered decongestant. Instruct the client to breathe into a paper bag. Offer the client fluids frequently. Administer ordered supplemental oxygen.

Instruct the client to breathe into a paper bag.

A priority nursing intervention for a client with hypervolemia involves which of the following? Establishing I.V. access with a large-bore catheter. Drawing a blood sample for typing and crossmatching. Monitoring respiratory status for signs and symptoms of pulmonary complications. Encouraging the client to consume sodium-free fluids.

Monitoring respiratory status for signs and symptoms of pulmonary complications.

When evaluating arterial blood gases (ABGs), which value is consistent with metabolic alkalosis? HCO 21 mEq/L pH 7.48 PaCO 36 O saturation 95%

pH 7.48

A client was admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of hypovolemia. When it is time to complete discharge teaching, which of the following will the nurse teach the client and family? Select all that apply. Drink at least eight glasses of fluid each day. Drink caffeinated beverages to retain fluid. Drink carbonated beverages to help balance fluid volume. Drink water as an inexpensive way to meet fluid needs. Respond to thirst

Drink at least eight glasses of fluid each day. Drink water as an inexpensive way to meet fluid needs. Respond to thirst

A physician orders an isotonic I.V. solution for a client. Which solution should the nurse plan to administer? 5% dextrose and normal saline solution Lactated Ringer's solution Half-normal saline solution 10% dextrose in water

Lactated Ringer's solution

A client is taking spironolactone to control hypertension. The client's serum potassium level is 6 mEq/L. What is the nurse's priority during assessment? neuromuscular function bowel sounds respiratory rate electrocardiogram (ECG) results

electrocardiogram (ECG) results