FON - Chapter 1 - The Profession of Nursing
A registered nurse adheres to the American Nurses Association's standard of professional performance by engaging in which of the following?
Collaberation. NOT assessment, evaluation or diagnosis
Decision Maker
-nurses choose best approaches to patient care; help pts participate in decision making; use safe effective judgments; involve members of health team & families.
Clara Barton
-practiced nursing in Civil War -founded American Red Cross
American Journal of Nursing
-published in 1900 - first nursing journal to be owned, operated and published by nurses
nurse researcher
-responsible for continued development and refinement of nursing knowledge and practice through investigations of nursing problems -usually prepared at doctoral level
Standards of Practice (ANA)
-serve as guidelines for providing and evaluating nursing CARE; ensure high-quality care; serve as criteria in legal questions
National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC)
-subsidiary of the NLN -accreddics nursing programs - LPN, associate level, bachelor's master's, doctoral - Voluntary process demonstrating achievement of national standards of excellence
National League for Nursing
-support nursing education -goal to produce well-prepared diverse nurse workforce -members include nurses, members of health team, lay people, agencies concerned with nursing
Nurse Practice Act
-each state defines the practice of nursing within that state.
Board of Nursing
-each state sets requirements for licensure
Florence Nightingale
-founder of modern nursing -improved health laws, reformed hospitals, reorganized military medical services, establihsed nursing as a profession with two missions - sick nursing and health nursing. -cared for soldiers in Crimean War - decreasing mortality rate by half -known as "the lady with the lamp" -1860 published Notes on Nursing and started Nightingale Training School for Nurses
Socialization
-learning theory and skills and internalizing an identity appropriate to a specific role
After hearing a presentation about the American Nurses Association (ANA), a nurse decides to join the organization based on the understanding about which of the following?
ANA aims at fostering high standards of nursing in America. Membership is not open to all nurses in America. Only registered nurses (RNs) can become members. Members of the National League for Nursing, not the ANA, include nurses, other healthcare providers, and lay people. ANA does not invite students showing excellence in scholarship to become members.
ANA Standards of Care (within Standards of Practice)
Assessment, Diagnosis, Outcome Identification, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
Nursing Responsibilities
Autonomous as caregiver, patient advocate, educator, decision maker, manager & coordinator, communicator
A nurse is preparing to provide care to a patient, prioritizing and organizing the care using Maslow's hierarchy of human needs. Place the following needs in the order in which the nurse would prioritize them.
Elimination, Predictable Routine, Avoidance of Loneliness, Respect, Maximizing Potential
ANA Standards of PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
Ethics, Education, Evidence-based Practice & Research, Quality of Practice, Communication, Leadership, Collaboration, Professional Practice Evaluation, Resource Utilization, Environmental Health
A student has completed a nursing program accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. Which of the following is true about the organization?
It fosters continued improvement in Nursing education programs.
Hierarchy of Human Needs
Maslow Physiological Needs, Safety Needs, Love Needs, Esteem Needs, Self-actualization Neeeds
A registered nurse who is a member of the American Nurses Association (ANA) demonstrates adherence to the ANA's standards of care by participating in which of the following?
Outcome Identification.
From Novice to Expert
Patricia Benner 1984 discusses socialization and skill acquisition in nursing
A group of nursing students have attended a presentation about the National Student Nurses' Association (NSNA). Which statement by the group indicates that they have understood the information presented?
The National Student Nurses' Association provides programs of current professional interest. It is not run by a group of registered nurses, but by nursing students themselves. It is student funded, not funded by the national government. The Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education, not the National Student Nurses' Association, contributes to the improvement of public health.
Professional Nurse
a nurse prepared in a baccalaureate degree program
nurse educator, nurse administrators, clinical nurse leaders
continue to be prepared at master's level
NP, clinical nurse specialist, nurse anesthetist, nurse midwife
current offered at master's level but moving toward doctorate-level
Caregiver
help patients promote, restore, and maintain health & wellness; each pt unique, whole person; address spiritual, emotional, social needs; meet needs in most timely cost-effective manner
Sick nursing
helping patients use their own reparative processes to get well (Nightingale)
Well nursing
preventing illness (Nightingale)
Change Theory
recognizes dynamic nature of growth and the need for constant reevaluation of nursing practice.
Maslow's Human Needs: Physiologic
1st - oxygen, food, water, elimination, activity, rest, temp, sexuality
Maslow's Human Needs: Safety
2nd - physically safe and free from fear, anxiety; predictability & routine essential aspect of safety
Maslow's Human Needs: Love
3rd - after 1,2 then need for love & belonging; avoid loneliness and isolation
Maslow's Human Needs: Esteem
4th - esteem from other's and self; need approval, admiration and respect, adequacy, worth, realistic appraisal on strengths and weaknesses
Maslow's Human Needs: Self-actualization
5th - innate need to realize fully all abilities and qualities - maximize one's potential.
A registered nurse wishes to work as a nurse researcher. Which of the following is true regarding nurse researchers?
Nurse researchers are responsible for the continued development and refinement of nursing. They usually have advanced education in addition to a baccalaureate degree in nursing. Nurse administrators, not nurse researchers, serve as liaisons between staff members and directors of nursing. Nurse researchers tend to work in large teaching hospitals, research centers, and academic institutions, not community health centers and long-termcare units.
A nurse is thinking about pursuing a master's degree in nursing and is reviewing information about various programs. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find about such programs?
Nurses pursuing such programs require solid academic ability.
A nurse is gathering information about a person's culture and beliefs related to health and how these beliefs influence the person. The nurse is evaluating which functional health pattern?
The health perception:health management pattern focuses on health values and beliefs and the resources in the community that are available to meet health needs. Success in meeting human needs in this pattern relies heavily on culture, societal beliefs, personal expectations, and one's own health. The cognitive-perceptual pattern examines the extent of the patient's awareness of human needs, which ties in with the health perception:health management pattern. Sleep and rest relate to sleep and rest pattenrs that develop at birth and change throughout life. Coping and stress tolerance reflect a person's adaptive psychological function.
Five levels of proficiency
novice - beginning students or new nurse with no experience --nurse moves from relying on abstract principles to using concrete experiences. advanced beginner -first 5 years after graduation; sees situations in parts to seeing them more conceptually or as awhole; can demonstrate marginally acceptable performance competent - 5-10 years after grad; nurse on the same job for 2-3 years and plans nursing care in terms of long-range goals proficient - perceives situations as a whole and manages care Expert - no longer relies on rules to connect understanding of a situation to an appropriate action - has intuitive grasp
National Student Nurses Association (NSNA)
--goal to contribute to nursing education providing for the highest quality healthcare -autonomous, student financed, student run
Nursing Professional Performance
-Standards of nursing responsibilites are related to professional performance -included are collaboration, performance appraisal, quality of care, educaiton, collegiality, ethics, research, use of resources See ANA Standards of Professional Conduct
American Association of Colleges of Nursing
-focuses on bachelor and higher degree programs -sets standards for essential components of bachelor's master's doctoral education
Sigma Theta Tau International
-membership by invitation to students who demonstrate excellence in scholarship and to nurses in community who demonstrate excellence in leadership
Dorothy Dix
-not a nurse; established Nurse Corps of US, expanding nursing's role
A registered nurse plans to return to the nursing profession after a long period of time. Which statement about the trend in healthcare services would be most important for the nurse to keep in mind?
-today clients enter the healthcare system acutely ill Hospital stays are much shorter, not longer. Nurses in the past relied on intuition to make decisions. Today, they have specific knowledge developed through research and evidence-based practice. The healthcare delivery system is more, not less, controversial now.
A client has come to a healthcare facility for a routine Pap smear. Who among the following is qualified to perform the smear?
A nurse midwife is qualified to perform a routine Pap smear. The nurse anesthetist, nurse administrator, and nurse educator do not perform routine Pap smears. A nurse anesthetist assists an anesthesiologist in providing general anesthesia during surgery. A nurse administrator works as a liaison between the staff members and directors. A nurse educator is a nurse who teaches in nursing programs.
The nurse charts vital signs during rotation. Which role is she assuming at this time?
Communicator: The nurse is providing in written form the client's vital signs to the healthcare provider who will check the bedside chart during his or her clinical rounds. The nurse is not making any decisions here, so the role is not that of a decision maker. The nurse is not playing the roles of a coordinator or a client advocate. When the nurse coordinates services offered by a variety of healthcare professionals, the nurse acts as a coordinator. As a client advocate, the nurse should protect the client, understanding the client's needs and concerns.
A licensed practice nurse (LPN) is working as a staff nurse. What role do the LPNs working as staff nurses play?
LPNs working as staff nurses provide direct nursing care to the clients in the healthcare facility. Staff nurses may work in hospitals, the community, clinics, long-term-care facilities, or homes. They work not only as care providers, team members, and communicators but also as decision makers, client advocates, and educators. They do not supervise the work of charge nurses working in different units. Their work is coordinated by the charge nurse or the team leader.
A nursing student wants to take up an advanced specialty nursing role. Which of the following roles are included in advanced specialty nursing?
Nurse anesthetists are registered nurses. Nurse midwives are also registered nurses, not licensed practice nurses. Nurse midwives care for women with uncomplicated pregnancies, not complicated pregnancies. Nurse anesthetists cannot have independent practices. They work under the supervision of an anesthesiologist.
Which nursing theorist emphasized interpersonal interaction between the nurse and the patient?
Peplau, Hildegard -- 1952
American Nurses Association (ANA)
Professional organization in U.S. -membership open only to registered professional nurses -sets standards of practice -makes decision about functions, activities, and goals of nursing profession
Associate Nurse
a nurse prepared in an associate degree program
A new graduate is working with a registered nurse. The registered nurse demonstrates the use of intuition to focus on a patient's problem. The registered nurse is functioning at which level of proficiency?
a. proficient b. expert c. competent d. novice ANS: B
