For Lecture Exam 1 A and P

The composition of this body fluid, which fills the narrow spaces between cells and tissues, directly affects the proper functioning of cells.

interstitial fluid

If the solute concentration is greater in the solution on the inside of the cell, compared to the solute concentration of the solution that is outside the cell, then what direction will water move?

into the cell

This directional term means farther from the midline.

lateral

Mammography and bone densitometry are good examples of which of the following types of medical imaging.

low dose radiography

The integumentary system is protected by our immune system through the action of cells that arise from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis. Which of the following cells serve this immune function?

macrophages called Langerhans' cells

To see and study very small items in science, which instrument would be needed

microscope

This plane divides the body into equal right and left halves

midsagittal

Passive membrane transport processes include ________.

movement of a substance down its concentration gradient

Which cells are excitable and, therefore, able to carry electrical impulses? a. neuroglial and muscular b. muscular and connective c. neuroglial and nervous d. nervous and epithelial e. muscular and nervous

muscular and nervous

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic types of tissues found in the human body?

necrotic tissue

The maintenance of a stable internal environment

negative feed back system

The two organ systems that regulate and maintain homeostasis are the

nervous and endocrine systems

Which type of medical doctor one would need to see if they have a brain disease?

neurologist

Which of the following protects the contents of the nucleus?

nuclear membrane

What monomer is used to build RNA and DNA?

nucleotide

The most important factors influencing hair growth are ________.

nutrition and hormones

These perform special functions in cellular growth, maintenance and reproduction.

organelles

Which of the following correctly list the levels of structural organization in the human body from largest to smallest?

organism - organ system - organ - tissue - cellular - chemical

Which of the following represents the largest and most complex level of structural organization in the human body?

organismal level

What is the basic unit of compact bone tissue? a. osteon b. stroma c. lamellae d. chromosome e. lacunae

osteon

Which of the following structures or regions could you clearly see when you are viewing the anterior side of an individual standing in the standard anatomical position?

palm of the hand

Using your fingers to find your pulse on your wrist is an example of

palpation

Which subspecialty of anatomy deals with the study of structural changes associated with disease?

pathological anatomy

Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the body region between the anus and the external genitals?

perineal

What is a chain of 25 amino acids called?

polypeptide

Which of the following constitutes a long chain of simple sugars?

polysaccharide

Which of the following is considered a carbohydrate?

potato

The function of mitosis is

production of new cells

The function of the secretions of a serous membrane, like the pleura, is to

reduce friction between neighboring organs.

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.

removal of a water molecule between each two units

Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of functions of the kidneys?

renal physiology

Although the integument is a covering, it is by no means simple, and some of its functions include ________.

resident macrophage-like cells whose function is to ingest antigenic invaders and present them to the immune system

Feeling the presence of a mosquito biting your arm is an example of

responsiveness.

This organelle contains ribosomes, which synthesis proteins

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Acne is a disorder associated with ________.

sebaceous glands

The genetic information is coded in DNA by the ________.

sequence of the nucleotides

Which of the below tissues has more than one nucleus and is voluntary? a. skeletal muscle b. smooth muscle c. cardiac muscle d. transitional muscle e. areolar muscle

skeletal muscle

Which of the below tissues is small, spindle shaped and found in the walls of hollow organs such as in the intestines? a. skeletal muscle b. smooth muscle c. cardiac muscle d. transitional muscle e. areolar muscle

smooth muscle

A Langerhans' cell is a ________.

specialized phagocytic cell

Which is the function of DNA?

store information for protein synthesis

The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being, and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement?

stratum germinativum

This directional term is the opposite of deep

superficial

A transverse plane will cut a body or organ into

superior and inferior portions.

During a visit to your doctor, you complain about headache and nausea. These changes in your body functions are considered to be

symptoms.

DNA replication ________.

takes place during interphase of the cell cycle

The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that ________.

the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber

The dermis has two major layers; which of the following constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin?

the reticular layer

Keratinocytes are the most important of the epidermal cells because

they produce a fibrous protein that gives the skin its protective properties

Which cavity contains the heart?

thoracic cavity

This is defined as a group of cells that work together to perform a particular function.

tissue

Which of the following field in forensics study the effects of drugs or poisons in a victim?

toxicology

Which is the function of RNA?

transfer information for protein synthesis

Which of the following is a safe non-invasive imaging technique that uses the reflection of high frequency sound waves off of body tissues to visualize a fetus during pregnancy?

ultrasound scanning

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of a negative feedback system?

usually requires an event outside the feedback system to shut it off

The main component of the cytosol is ________.

water

Vernix caseosa is a ________.

whitish material produced by fetal sebaceous glands

Which radiographs were obtained using low-dose x-rays?

(A) and (B)

Which radiographs were obtained using a contrast material and x-rays?

(C) and (D)

Single stranded chain of nucleotides,Can be translated

. RNA

Which is the function of ATP?

. Transfers energy for cell functions

The numbers listed represent the number of electrons in the first, second, and third energy levels, respectively. On this basis, which of the following is an unstable or reactive atom?

2, 8, 1

associated with pain and blisters

2nd degree

Which of the following is an example of the basic life process called growth? 1 muscle contraction 2 digestion of proteins 3 lifting weights and gaining muscle mass 4 mineral deposits accumulating between bone cells to cause a bone to lengthen

3 and 4

may require grafting Also called full thickness burn

3rd degree

If atom X has an atomic number of 74 it would have which of the following?

74 protons

The composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands is ________.

99% water, sodium chloride, and trace amounts of wastes, lactic acid, and vitamin C

ATP production

A

Glycocalyx.

A

Glycolysis

A

Hydrogen bonds.

A

Identification "tags" for the cell.

A

In the diagram, which one represents a tight junction?

A

In the diagram, which phase has the formation of the mitotic apparatus?

A

In the figures BELOW which one represents areolar tissue?

A

Monosaccharide.

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Stimulus

A

Which medical image is obtained by using a low dose of x-rays to examine soft tissues?

A

Which of the following is a concept of the cell theory?

A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.

One nucleotide, Biological form of energy

ATP

Provides the energy needed for synthesis reactions.

ATP

Match the following cavities and organs: Stomach Uterus

Abdominopelvic

A solution with a pH value smaller than 7 would be a(n)

Acid

Which of the following is considered a proton donor?

Acid

A nitrogenous base,

Adenine

Tryptophan

Amino acid

The primary structure of a protein contains

Amino acids

During this phase a cleavage furrow forms.

Anaphase

Refer to Cancer cells which are structurally abnormal

Anaplasia

The study of body parts such as their location

Anatomy

The stomach is ________ to the spine.

Anterior

Describe the role of aquaporins with regard to water movement

Aquaporins are pores on the cell membrane that allow water to pass across the cell membrane

Which of the following is classified as loose connective tissue? a. Blood b. Bone tissue c. Areolar connective tissue d. Elastic tissue e. Hyaline connective tissue

Areolar connective tissue

An amino acid

Argenine,

A " mole" with 2 different looking halves

Asymmetry

Refers to irregular shape, i.e. such as not round or square

Asymmetry

This refers to the atomic weight of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element.

Atomic mass

This is the number of protons or electrons.

Atomic number

Deoxyribose sugar.

B

Functional protein.

B

Glycogen

B

Hydrophilic portion.

B

In the figures, which one represents cardiac muscle?

B

Mitochondrion

B

Polar region of phospholipid.

B

Produces ATP aerobically.

B

Receptor

B

Tertiary (protein) structure

B

Which medical image is obtained by using high-energy magnetic field?

B

Examination of cells under the microscope to determine malignancy

Biopsy

In the figures ABOVE which one represents tissue that is under involuntary control?

Both b and c

A diluted version of a toxin that is infected into the skin to paralyze skeletal muscles that cause wrinkling

Botox

Arm

Brachial

Which of the following organs contains the control center for the feedback system that regulates blood pressure?

Brain

Burns are devastating and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. How would a physician estimate the volume of fluid lost in a severely burned patient?

By using the rules of Nines

In the diagram, BELOW where is the apical surface?

C

In the diagram, below which one is a desmosome?

C

In the diagram, which one represents a hypertonic solution?

C

Input

C

Lysosome

C

Nonpolar region of phospholipid.

C

Phosphate.

C

Polysaccharide.

C

Synthesis of triglycerides

C

Which medical image is obtained by using computer assisted interpretation of multiple x-ray arc tracings?

C

Which of the following represents simple columnar? ( from ABOVE photos)

C

best illustration of a polymer

C

lipogenesis

C

Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule?

CH3CH20H

Using toxic drugs to kill cancer cells

CHEMOTHERAPY

A dye is injected into blood vessels and via radiography blockage can be seen

CT scan

A test involving radiography , it looks at tissue density

CT scan

Ribose

Carbohydrate

What are the major elements found in the body?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Arteries, veins, heart.

Cardiovascular

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.

Cardiovascular System

The smallest living thing

Cell

These items help form the mitotic spindle

Centrioles

Head

Cephalic

Sudoriferous glands vary in distribution over the surface of the body. Which of the following is correct?

Ceruminous glands secrete cerumen, which is thought to repel insects.

The application of a mild acid such as glycolic acid to the skin to remove surface cells and improve the look of skin

Chemical peel

This occurs when new bonds form or old bonds break between atoms.

Chemical reaction

A form of treatment using drugs to destroy life cycle of rapidly dividing cells

Chemotherapy

Vincristine which damages the mitotic spindle may be used in that treatment

Chemotherapy

A condition NOT regulated by a negative feedback loop would be:

Childbirth

This type of lipid is used by the body to create hormones.

Cholesterol

Found in matrix of cartilage

Chondroietin

Water. Dry ice (frozen carbon dioxide).

Compound

Heat exchange that occurs between molecules of 2 materials that are in direct contact with each other

Conduction

This may be achieved by using a fan

Convection

Transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid ( gas or liquid) between areas of different temperature

Convection

This type of bond requires a sharing of electrons.

Covalent

Match the following cavities and organs: Brain

Crania

Where would you see this occur?

Cytoplasm

A reaction: Glucose+glucose+glucose --->glucose-glucose-glucose

D

Centrioles

D

Dehydration synthesis

D

In the diagram, below, which one represents anaphase?

D

In the diagram, what is composed of basal lamina and reticular lamina?

D

In the figures ABOVE which one represents hyaline cartilage

D

Integral protein.

D

Lipid.

D

Output

D

Thymine.

D

Which medical image is obtained by using high-frequency sound waves?

D

Which of the following represents pseudostratified columnar?

D

Which of the following represents stratified cuboidal?

D

Double stranded in a helix, Can be replicated,Can be transcribed

DNA

Select the most correct statement regarding nucleic acids.

DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C bases

This type of reaction will break larger reactants to produce smaller products

Decomposition

An embryonic stem cell undergoes ______ to become a neuron.

Differentiation

Esophagus, large intestine, rectum

Digestive

The fingers are ________ to the wrist.

Distal

This directional term means farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk or farther from the origination of a structure.

Distal

Epithelial tissuea. a. Is used as a covering b. Is used as a lining c. Is used in glands d. Has a free surface e. All of the above

E

Golgi apparatus/complex

E

Guanine.

E

Hydrolysis

E

In the diagram, which one represents facilitated diffusion?

E

Nucleotide.

E

Peripheral protein.

E

Response

E

Which medical image is obtained by detecting a radionuclide in the tissue / organ to be imaged?

E

This is the structure of a feedback system that receives output from the control center.

Effector

Which of the following particles plays a role in creating chemical bonds?

Electron

Carbon

Element

Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary.

Endocrine

Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones

Endocrine System

Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the chemical regulators in the blood?

Endocrinology

This is a transport process by which cells take up extracellular substances within vesicles.

Endocytosis

This is defined as the capacity to do work.

Energy

This portion of the cell membrane enables cell membranes to produce chemical products

Enzymes

Conversion of a liquid to a vapor

Evaporation

This involves eccrine glands

Evaporation

This is a transport process by which cells secrete materials, within vesicles, into the extracellular fluid

Exocytosis

In this type of transport process a solute, like Glucose, binds to a specific transporter protein on one side of the membrane and is released on the other side after the transporter protein undergoes a change in shape.

Facilitated diffusion

True/False A dipeptide can be broken into two amino acids by dehydration synthesis.

False

True/False A major characteristic of fibrocartilage is its unique amount of flexibility and elasticity.

False

True/False Achilles was wounded by damage to the tendon connecting his calf muscles to his heel. This and all tendons are composed mainly of loose irregular connective tissue.

False

True/False Another name for stratum Basale is stratum lucidum

False

True/False Covalent bonds are generally less stable than ionic bonds.

False

True/False Endocrine glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions internally and then rupturing the cell.

False

True/False Hydrogen bonds are comparatively strong bonds.

False

True/False Intercalated discs and striations are found in skeletal muscle.

False

True/False Joe just burned himself on a hot pot. A blister forms and the burn is painful. Joe's burn would best be described as a third-degree burn

False

True/False Lipids are a poor source of stored energy

False

True/False Skin surface markings that reflect points of tight dermal attachment to underlying tissues are called epidermal ridges

False

True/False The hypodermis is composed of adipose and dense connective tissue.

False

True/False The protein found in large amounts in the outermost layer of epidermal cells is collagen.

False

True/False The stratum corneum (outermost layer of skin) is a zone of approximately four layers of viable cells that are able to synthesize proteins that keep the outer layer of skin smooth and soft

False

Linoleic acid

Fatty acid

This type of connective tissue is used mainly for support within the skeletal system. a. Adipose b. Elastic c. Fibrocartilage d. Dense irregular e. Reticular

Fibrocartilage

Which of the following statements best describes what fingernails actually are?

Fingernails are a modification of the epidermis.

sunburn is best example

First degree

Which of the following is a monosaccaride that is important in producing energy

Glucose

Buttock

Gluteal

The major energy storage polysaccharide in humans is

Glycogen

This is an organelle that modifies proteins produced elsewhere.

Golgi body

This component of connective tissue is found between the cells and fibers and is used for support and as a medium for chemical reactions.

Ground substance

Which of the following is a purine?

Guanine

Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the great toe?

Hallux

What is the major function of a histone protein?

Help organize coiling of DNA

As soon as the temperature is back to normal, the receptors stop initiating a response

Homeostasis

It is the condition of equilibrium in the body's internal environment due to the constant interaction of the body's many regulatory processes

Homeostasis

This is the condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body's internal environment.

Homeostasis

A dermal filler, which is injected to plump up the skin and smooth out wrinkles

Hyaluronic acid

Common polysaccharides found in ground substance include

Hyaluronic acid

Which of the following bonds provides the three dimensional structure of large molecules like proteins and DNA?

Hydrogen

A type of bond important in tying different parts of the same molecule together into a three-dimensional structure.

Hydrogen bond

A solute that dissolves in water is.

Hydrophillic

Several mitotic rounds lead to increased number of cells

Hyperplasia

Sometimes, cells store or contain more chemicals INSIDE which lead to this type of growth

Hypertrophy

Produces antibodies that attach to foreign substances.

Immune System

Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the body's defense against disease-causing agents?

Immunology

This type of membrane protein will extend throughout the entire membrane touching both the Intracellular fluid and the Extracellular fluid.

Integral proteins and Transmembrane proteins

Protects underlying organs from environmental damage and synthesizes vitamin D.

Integumentary System

During which phase do organelles duplicate and centrosome replication begin?

Interphase

This is a negatively charged atom.

Ion

A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved.

Ionic bond

In addition to protection (physical and chemical barrier), the skin serves other functions. Which of the following is another vital function of the skin?

It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor necessary in calcium metabolism.

Select the correct statement regarding adipose tissue. A) It is composed mostly of extracellular matrix. B) Its primary function is nutrient storage. C) Mature adipose cells are highly mitotic. D) Most of the cell volume is occupied by the nucleus.

Its primary function is nutrient storage.

In the diagram, which organelle is used to modify, sort and transport proteins?

J

In the figures, which one represents the hardest matrix found in connective tissue?

J

In the figures, which one represents blood?

K

Which statement correctly explains why hair appears the way it does? A) Kinky hair has flat, ribbonlike hair shafts. B) Perfectly round hair shafts result in wavy hair. C) Air bubbles in the hair shaft cause straight hair. D) Gray hair is the result of hormonal action altering the chemical composition of melanin.

Kinky hair has flat, ribbonlike hair shafts.

Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well-being. Which of the following protects us against excessive water loss through the skin?

Lamellated granules of the cells of the stratum granulosum, a glycolipid that is secreted into extracellular spaces

Epidermal cells which are phagocytic cells and protect from bacterial invasion

Langerhans

These are particularly rich in lysosomes

Langerhans

The lungs are ________ to the heart.

Lateral

The function of the cytosol is.

Location of chemical reactions

An enzyme acts to

Lower the activation energy needed

The surgical removal of a partial growth

Lumpectomy

Removes and filters excess fluid from tissues.

Lymphatic System

May have broken from the Golgi apparatus

Lysosomes

Rich in enzymes which help protect the cell

Lysosomes

Which organelle is responsible for a newborn having distinctive toes and fingers instead of webbed digits ?

Lysosomes, they break down and contain enzymes that can apoptosis. the death of cells that occurs as normal and controlled part form of development aka program cell death or cell suicide.

Removal of the cancerous breast

MASTECTOMY

A non X-ray clinical imaging technique which allows one to see body tissues based on water content

MRI

Good to see tumors and it uses non-X-ray type rays

MRI

Radiography, visualizes soft tissues and organs with much more detail than conventional radiophraphs

MRI

The bridge of the nose is ________ to the left eye.

Medial

Which of the following cutaneous receptors is specialized for the reception of touch or light pressure?

Meissner's corpuscles

Epidermal cells which produce the pigment which filters UV light

Melanocytes

Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer. A) Most tumors that arise on the skin are malignant. B) Squamous cell carcinomas arise from the stratum corneum. C) Basal cell carcinomas are the least common but most malignant. D) Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing.

Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing.

Found in the cytoplasm, this structure specifies the exact sequence of amino acids of the protein to be made.

Messenger RNA

This is the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body.

Metabolism

Refer to Cancer cells which do not stop dividing and they spread

Metastasis

Where food stuff is used to make most ATP

Mitochondria

Blood.

Mixture

Directly causes mechanical motion:

Muscular System

Which of the following is not one of the main tissue types found in the human body?

Myocardial

This reverses a change in a control environment

Negative Feed Back system

Used for changes in blood glucose levels

Negative Feedback

Used for changes in blood pressure

Negative Feedback

Responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses.

Nervous System

Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the functional properties of nerve cells?

Neurophysiology

Which of the following particles has a neutral charge?

Neutron and atom

A bond in which electrons are shared equally.

Nonpolar covalent bond

Stores rRNA involved in the making of ribosomes

Nucleolus

Contains 46 chromosomes

Nucleus

What region of an atom contains the protons and neutrons?

Nucleus

The Movement of water molecules from low solute concentration to high solute concentration

Osmosis

Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the ear?

Otic

Provides a colorized visual assessment of cellular activity such as Brain activity

PET Scan

Usually in dermal region, detects deep touch or pressure

Pacinian

Knee (anterior aspect)

Patellar

Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of functional changes associated with disease and aging?

Pathophysiology

Function of sweat glands

Perspiration

Engulfing of items by cell, such as engulfing bacteria by white blood cells

Phagocytosis

Which of the following is a principle of the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure?

Phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules

The matrix in blood tissue is a. Red blood cells b. White blood cells c. Plasma d. Platelets e. Albumin

Plasma

A selective permeable structure, protects the cell

Plasma Membrane

What are the three main parts of a eukaryotic cell?

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

This is the type of bond between the atoms forming water

Polar covalent

A bond in which electrons are shared unequally

Polar covalent bond

Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the thumb?

Pollex

This type of triglyceride contains more than one double bond in the fatty acid carbon atoms.

Polyunsaturated

________ is an inherited condition that affects the heme pathway; it leaves the skin scarred and gums degenerated, and may have led to the folklore about vampires.

Porphyria

Normal childbirth provides a good example of this mechanism

Positive Feed Back system

This strengthens or reinforces a change in of the body's controlled conditions

Positive Feed Back system

Used for blood clotting

Positive Feedback

Used for childbirth

Positive Feedback

In this transport process, the energy from hydrolysis of ATP is used to drive substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients.

Primary active transport

Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage?

Prolonged exposure to the sun induces melanin dispersion, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen.

Hemoglobin, Insulin, Alpha Reductase

Protein

In connective tissue, the matrix consists of

Protein fibers and ground substance

What does this figure represent?

Protein synthesis

Plasma membranes consist of what three components?

Proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol

The subatomic particles that make up atoms include:

Protons, neutrons, electrons

The upper arm is ________ to the forearm.

Proximal

This is an extension of the plasma membrane that will surround a particle outside the cell forming a vesicle.

Pseudopod

This tissue lines most of the respiratory tract

Pseudostratified columnar epithelial

Using heat or x-rays to kill to cancer cells

RADIATION THERAPY

Contrast the roles of ER-bound ribosomes with those free in the cytosol

RER- make proteins that will be exported from the cell. Ribosomes- found in the cytosol and produces proteins found w/in the cell.

Transfer of heat in the form of infrared rays between a warmer object and a cooler one without physical contact

Radiation

This is the structure of a feedback system that provides input to the control center.

Receptor

Which of the following is a function of a membrane protein that binds with hormones and neurotransmitters?

Receptors

Trachea, bronchi, alveoli.

Respiratory

Forms part of the protein synthesis site in the cytoplasm.

Ribosomal RNA

May be attached to the ER or scattered in the cytoplasm.

Ribosomal RNA

Structure rich in ribosomes.

Rough ER

The characteristic of plasma membranes allowing only some substances to move through is known as

Selective permeability

Involuntary muscle contraction to produce body heat

Shivering

This may involve arrector pili muscles

Shivering

Objective changes in a patient's normal body function that can be directly observed or measured by a clinician are referred to as

Signs

This is the transport process by which gases move through a membrane.

Simple diffusion

This tissue is lines the lumen or cavities of the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

Simple squamous epithelial

Describe what happens to a protein's structure and function when it is denatured.

Since proteins functionality depends entirely on its structure, once it is denatured, the protein is not longer functional. Is the process of denaturation, a protein that encounters an altered environment, the protein may unravel and essentially lose its characteristic shape.

Provides support and levers for muscles to pull

Skeletal System

Explain how solute concentrations determine water concentration.

Solute concentrations determine water concentration based on the concentrations of ions. If there are more ions then there is lower water concentration. If there are less ions then it will result in having a higher concentration of water.

These are immature, undifferentiated cells that can divide to replace lost or damaged cells. a. Stem cells b. Parenchyma c. Fibrosis d. Granular tissue e. Adhesions

Stem cells

. Estrogen, Vitamin D, Cholesterol

Steroid

This tissue forms glands.

Stratified cuboidal epithelial

This tissue forms the most superficial layer of the skin

Stratified squamous epithelial

Made of cells which are the most mitotic

Stratum basale

Dense connective tissues main function is a. Storage of mineral b. Forms stroma of organs c. Reducing heat loss d. Strong attachment between structures e. Aids in elasticity

Strong attachment between structures

Where is the most common location for adipose tissue? a. Subcutaneous layer deep to skin b. Lining bones c. Covering brain d. Inside ear canal e. Cartilage

Subcutaneous layer deep to skin

Choose the directional term that would make the following sentence correct. The heart is _____ to the liver.

Superior

This type of reaction will combine reactants to produce larger products.

Synthesis

Attaches the correct amino acid to its transfer RNA.

Synthetase enzymes

What are the nonpolar parts of a phospholipid?

Tail group

What is this molecule above;, where can it be found in a eukaryotic cell and what are the special properties of this molecule?

The above molecule is called a Phospholipid, which can be found in the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic cell. Special characteristics of said molecule is that it is amphipathic, which means that it has polar and non-polar parts to it. The polar region consists of a hydrophilic (water loving) head and the non-polar region consists of hydrophobic (water fearing) tails. The heads of the phospholipid are facing towards the outside of the membrane while the tails face inward.

Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been stretched and/or torn?

The appearance of visible, silvery-white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis.

Cells lining the trachea have whiplike motile extensions on their free surface. What are these extensions? What is their source? And what is their Function?

The extensions are called cilia which continually drive mucus with debris toward the pharynx. Their source are the centrioles that exert pressure on the plasma membrane.

Changes in the color of skin are often an indication of a homeostatic imbalance. Which of the following changes would suggest that a patient is suffering from Addison's disease?

The skin takes on a bronze or metallic appearance.

What does the formula C6H12O6 mean?

There are 12 hydrogen, 6 carbon, and 6 oxygen atoms

Which of the following is not true of proteins?

They appear to be the molecular carriers of the coded hereditary information

Which of the following is NOT true about phospholipids?

They are a major energy storage lipid

The design of a person's epidermal ridges is determined by the manner in which the papillae rest upon the dermal ridges to produce the specific pattern known as handprints, footprints, and fingerprints. Which of the following statements is true regarding these prints or ridges?

They are genetically determined, therefore unique to each person.

Chest

Thoracic

Match the following cavities and organs: Heart Lungs

Thoracic

Act as "interpreter" molecules that recognize specific amino acids and nucleotide base sequences.

Transfer RNA

True/False A molecule consisting of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms is correctly written as CO2.

True

True/False All organic compounds contain carbon.

True

True/False Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue.

True

True/False Current information theorizes that omega-3 fatty acids decrease the risk of heart disease.

True

True/False Depending on the functional state of the bladder, transitional epithelium may resemble stratified squamous or stratified cuboidal epithelium.

True

True/False Functions of connective tissues include binding, support, insulation, and protection.

True

True/False Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide.

True

True/False Goblet cells are found with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

True

True/False Macrophages are found in areolar and lymphatic tissues.

True

True/False Smooth muscle cells possess central nuclei but lack striations.

True

True/False The apocrine sweat glands are fairly unimportant in thermoregulation.

True

True/False The dermis is highly vascularized, accounting for the often pink color in the cheeks of babies.

True

True/False The lower the pH, the higher the hydrogen ion concentration.

True

True/False The most dangerous skin cancer is cancer of the melanocytes

True

True/False The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage.

True

True/False Ultraviolet light of sun may cause DNA mutation

True

A growth, this can either be benign or malignant

Tumor

Uncontrolled hyperplasia, could be cancerous or not

Tumor

If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA synthesis is ACGTT, then what would be the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA?

UGCAA

Kidneys, bladder, ureters.

Urinary

Where is it most likely to find transitional epithelial cells?

Urinary bladder

This decreases blood flow to the skin

Vasoconstriction

This reduces loss of body heat

Vasoconstriction

What dermal blood vessels do in cold temperatures

Vasoconstriction

This increases increased blood flow to the skin

Vasodilation

What dermal blood vessels do in warm temperatures

Vasodilation

In a typical body solution, the solvent is.

Water

This is the most abundant and most important inorganic compound in the body

Water

Detects bone fractures

X-ray

Mammography is a special type of that test

X-ray

In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils have ________.

a high degree of unsaturated bonds

Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage because the role of the keratinocytes is to ________.

accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion, forming a pigment that protects DNA from UV radiation

A solution that has a pH of 2 could best be described as being ________.

acidic

The function of the root hair plexus is to ________.

allow the hair to assist in touch sensation

Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the front of the elbow?

antebrachial

Melanocytes ________.

are spidery-shaped cells in contact with cells in the stratum basale

Which muscles attached to the hair follicles cause goose bumps?

arrector pili

This is a thin extracellular layer, that commonly consists of basal lamina and reticular lamina, that is found in epithelial tissues.

basement membrane

The study of living things is called:

biology

Which of the following is considered hard tissue

bone

May be described as notched, indented, scalloped or indistinct

border

The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated ________.

by hormones, especially androgens

In the diagram, which phase represents the microtubules aligning the centromeres in the center of the cell?

c

Which of the below tissues is responsible for pumping blood? a. skeletal muscle b. smooth muscle c. cardiac muscle d. transitional muscle e. areolar muscle

cardiac muscle

This is comprised of a pair of centrioles and pericentriolar materials.

centrosome

The ________ gland is a modified sudoriferous gland that secretes wax.

ceruminous

This is a long molecule of DNA that contains genes-there are 46 in each body cell.

chromosome

The single most abundant protein in the body is ________.

collagen

That sign may have black areas, red areas, pale areas which are signs of melanoma

color

Explain why mitosis can be thought of as cellular immortality

considered immortal b/c a part of the original cell is going to be from the original cell found in the daughter cell. Mitosis is the replication or the copying (identical) of the original cell.

Mitochondria ________.

contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order?

corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

The brain is located in the

cranial cavity

This process is division of the cytoplasm.

cytokinesis.

Which fibers are seen in embedded in the matrix of connective tissue? a. Elastic b. Reticular c. Collagen d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

The papillary layer of the dermis is connective tissue heavily invested with blood vessels. The superior surface has structures called:

dermal papillae.

If more than 6mm , it is not a typical mole

diameter

Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of ________.

diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis

Sucrose is a ________.

disaccharide

Connective tissues do NOT include a. Bone b. Blood cells c. Cartilage d. tendons e. Liver cells

e. Liver cells

Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands?

eccrine and apocrine

Refers to the suspicious mole changing shape, size, and color

evolvement

Which of the following noninvasive diagnostic techniques is an example of inspection?

examining the surface of patient's skin for presence of a rash

Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of changes in organ functions due to muscular activity?

exercise physiology

The major regions of a hair shaft include all of the following except ________.

external root sheath

The dermis is a strong, flexible connective tissue layer. Which of the following cell types are likely to be found in the dermis?

fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells

One type of human cell (spermatozoa) is capable of movement because it has this type of microtubule.

flagella

Percussion techniques can be used to detect

fluid in the lungs.

The epidermis is responsible for protecting the body against invasion of bacteria and other foreign agents primarily because it is composed of ________.

four different cell shapes found in five distinct layers, each cell shape with a special function

This plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

frontal

Mitochondria function

generate ATP

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of ________.

glycogen

If a splinter penetrated the skin into the third epidermal layer of the sole of the foot, which cells would be damaged?

granulosum

The dermis ________.

has two distinct layers

Apocrine glands, which begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence, seem not to be useful in thermoregulation. Where would we find these glands in the human body?

in the axillary and anogenital area

Which of the following describes a body process that is controlled using a positive feedback loop?

increasing strength of uterine contractions in response to cervical stretch

Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the groin?

inguinal