FSE-120-0901 Embalming Microbiology midterm

who discovered penicillin

Alexander Fleming in 1928

the mosquito that causes malaria is

Anopheles mosquito

Reducing a microbes virulence by diluting or weakening it is

Attenuation

three basic shapes of bacteria are

Coccus, bacillus, spirilla

the microbe of great concern that can cross the placenta is

Cytomegalovirus

A __________ is a toxin confined within the body of a bacterium and is released only hen the bacterium is broken down

Endotoxin

Enzyme that staphylococcus uses to penetrate the body's connective tissue

Hyaluronidase

Proteins that respond to viruses, bind to receptors on uninfected cells, and cause the uninfected cells to produce antiviral enzymes are

Interferons

the correct way to write the name of the bacterium that causes gonorrhea is

Neisseria gonorrhoeae italicized

what genus of bacteria is commonly associated with secondary infections in burn patients

Pseudomonas

The pus from __________________ is blue.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

the pus from _____________ is blue

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Proper term for blood poisoning

Septicemia

Plasmids are

Small circles of DNA separate from the main chromosome in bacteria

what kind of light controls microbial growth

UV

the physical method of controlling microbes that damages the cell's DNA is

UV light

the bacterium that causes bubonic plague is

Yersinia pestis

a chemical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins and dissolves lipids in the cell membrane is

alcohol

What bacteria have flagella on each end of the cell, that is know as

amphitrichous

when one bacterium inhibits the growth of another, that is know as__________

antagonism

proteins that are y-shaped and either neutralize or destroy antigens are

antibodies

An _____________ causes the body's immune system to respond

antigen

inhibiting microbial growth on living tissue is

antisepsis

immunity is a result of being sick once or getting a vaccination

aquired

an exogenous infection caused by microbes that

are normally present in the body

reducing a microbe's virulence by diluting or weakening it is

attenuation

organisms that make their own food through photo synthesis

autotrophs

a virus that infects bacteria is

bacteriophage

bacteria reproduced by a process called

binary fission

the most poisonous substance on Earth is _______________

botulinum toxin

the prefix strepto means

chain

what is used to treat municipal drinking water and swimming pools

chlorien

the prefix staphyl means

cluster

a retort is

combustion chamber

in a microbial association, when one bacterium benefits and the other is unaffected, that is known as_________

commensalism

what disease gave milkmaids immunity to smallpox

cowpox

what chemical is used to produce lysol

cresols

The microbe of great concern that can cross the placenta is

cytomegalovirus

destroying pathogenic agents by disinfecting inanimate objects is

disinfection

the physical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins is

dry heat

a thick-walled cell produced by bacteria to survive unfavorable conditions is the

endospore

a/n ___________________ is toxin confined within the body of a bacterium and is released only when the bacterium is broken down

endotoxin

Ebola is a ____________ disease

epidemic

bacteria that can adapt to different sources of nutrition are _____________ bacteria

facultative

some bacteria use an enzyme that digests fibrin threads to better utilize blood as a nutrient. that enzyme is

fibrinolysin

appendages on a bacterium that allows it to attach to surfaces is

fimbriae

an infection where microbes enter blood lymph vessels and spread to other parts of the body is called a/n _____________ infection

focal

an inanimate object to which infectious material adheres and can be transmitted is a

formite

an agent that kills mold would be

fungicide

a sticky, gelatinous coating on the bacteria that surrounds the cell wall is the

glycocalyx

organisms that cannot make their own food and require food from a carbon source are

heterotrophs

The enzyme that Staphylococcus aureus uses to penetrate the body's connective tissue is

hyaluronidase

a bacterium in a _____________would shrivel

hypertonic

a bacterium in a __________________ solution would swell and might burst

hypotonic

the best method to treat hazardous waste is

incineration

another word for skin

integument

proteins that respond to viruses, bind to receptors on uninfected cells, and cause the uninfected cells to produce antiviral enzymes are

interferon

a disinfectant that is a tincture is

iodine

a disinfectant that oxidizes certain molecules within the microbial cell is

iodine

a compound of iodine and surfactant is

iodophore

how does higher temperate affect the effectiveness of chemical agents

it usually increases effectiveness

an agent that kills mosquito larvae is

larvicide

bacteria that prefer humane body temperatures are

mesophiles

bacteria that MUST have oxygen are

microaerophilic

when both species of bacteria benefit in an association, that is known as

mutualism

the study of fungi is called

mycology

bacteria that must NOT be in the presence of oxygen are

obligate anaerobes

bacteria that would be utilizing tissue of humane remains as a nutrition source would be _______________ bacteria

obligate saprophyte

how many chromosomes do bacteria have

one

The three arrangements of bacteria

pairs,chains, clusters

Covid-19 is a ______ disease

pandemic

when bacteria have flagella over the entire cell, that is know as

peritrichous

a chemical method of controlling microbes that has a sickeningly sweet and tarry odor is

phenol

Salmonella food poisoning comes from

poultry

the enzyme that staphylococcus aureus uses to penetrate the body's connective tissue

protease

the four kingdoms are

protista, Plantae, animalia, fungi

bacteria that might prefer the temperature of remains in a refrigeration unit are

psychrophiles

the natural habitat of a pathogen is

reservoir

organisms that utilize decomposing matter as nutrients are

saprophytes

The proper term for "blood poisoning" is

septicemia

__________ is when poisonous products of bacteria are distributed throughout the body

septicemia

an unorganized coating on bacteria that is loosely attached to the cell wall is the

slime layer

The only disease that was eradicated and is no longer in the human population is

smallpox

the only disease that was eradicated and is no longer in the humane population is

smallpox

an agent that kills endospores is

sporicide

the process bacteria use to produce the endospore is

sporulation

completely removing or destroying all life-forms, endospores, or their products is

sterilization

what can kill endospores

sterilization

what alters the surface tension of the cell membrane, causing the cell contents to leak out and kill the cell

surfactants

the lowest temperature at which all microbes are killed in 10 minutes is

thermal death point

an organism that spreads disease is called a/n

vector

the proper term for "blood poisoning" is

viremia

an agent that kills viruses is

viricide

the ability of a microbe to survive and produce disease is

virulence

Genetic material in a protein coat would describe a

virus

diseases that are communicable from animal or animal products are

zoonoses

An acide would be numbers____ to _____ on the pH scale

0-6

Under what conditions must an autoclave work to sterilize

15 psi at 121 degrees C for 10 minutes

how much of the Earth's oxygen do autotrophic bacteria produce

20%

a base would be numbers ___ to ___ on the pH scale

8-14