FSHN 120 EXAM 2

Which of the following components accounts for the largest percentage of total daily energy expenditure? -thermic effect of food -amount of physical activity -basal metabolism -thermogenesis

basal metabolism

Lipoprotein lipase breaks down triglycerides in the: -stomach -mouth -small intestine -bloodstream

bloodstream

The Set Point Theory often refers to the close regulation of: -lean mass -food intake -body stature -body weight

body weight

Dairy products provide key nutrients responsible for many health benefits, especially improved _____ health.

bone

A(n) ______ is any compound that resists changes in acid-base conditions in a solution.

buffer

When protein is consumed in excess of the RDA, the extra amino acids are: -stored as glycogen -used to synthesize muscle tissue -burned as fuel -stored in the bloodstream

burned as fuel

The diuretic effect of ______ does not support optimal hydration.

caffeine

Most researchers find that sucrose may have the opposite effect of hyperactivity or ADHD, instead having a _____ effect.

calming

If a male soccer player is experiencing frequent fatigue during training, it is most likely related to insufficient _____ intake. -creatine -B vitamin -iron -calorie

calorie

Providing energy is the primary function of: -fat -vitamin B-12 -carbohydrate -protein

carbohydrate

Tooth decay is the only health problem clearly associated with eating: -carbs -protein -lipids

carbs

People with diabetes nearly always develop: -lung disease -depression -Alzheimer's disease -cardiovascular disease

cardiovascular disease

Which type of fiber is an indigestible, nonfermentable, straight-chain polysaccharide made of glucose molecules? -hemicellulose -pectin -cellulose -mucilages

cellulose

A _______ primarily eats fruits, nuts, honey, and vegetable oils. People who consume this diet are at risk of nutrient deficiencies, which is why this type of diet is not advised. -lactoovovegetarian -fruitarian -vegan -lactovegetarian

fruitarian

Obesity caused by nature would be ____ & obesity caused by nurture would be due to _____ factors. -genetic, environmental -andriod, gynoid -gynoid, android -environmental, genetic

genetic, environmental

Glycogen is a branched structure comprised of many _____ units bonded together. -fructose -amino acid -glucose -galatose

glucose

Most of the fructose consumed in the diet is converted to _____ (another monosaccharide) in the liver.

glucose

Which of the following forms of carbs do muscle cells prefer to use for fuel? -fructose -ATP -glycogen -glucose

glucose

In the liver, galactose is either transformed into _____ (a monosaccharide) or further metabolized into _____ (a polysaccharide).

glucose; glycogen

The form of carbohydrate circulating in the blood that is used for immediate energy is called ______. This can be stored in the liver or muscle for later use in the form of ______.

glucose; glycogen

A function of _____ is to serve as the backbone for the three fatty acids attached to a triglyerceride molecule.

glycerol

Which MyPlate food group has the highest starch content? -grains -dairy -fruits -protein

grains

Which of the following MyPlate food groups contains many foods with cellulose, hemicellulose & lignins? -fruit -protein foods -grains -dairy

grains

Direct calorimetry measures the amount of body ____ released by a person.

heat

Amino acids are important in the synthesis of many ______ such as insulin and glucagon. -buffers -hormones -enzymes -proteins

hormones

What is the technical term for high blood sugar? -hyperglycemia -hypoglycemia -hyperactivity -hyperinsulinemia

hyperglycemia

Most cases of type 1 diabetes begin with an _____ system disorder, which causes destruction of the ____- producing cells in the _____. -immune; insulin; pancreas -endocrine; insulin; liver -digestive; beta; pancreas

immune; insulin; pancreas

As lean muscle mass increases as a result of physical activity, metabolic rate: -changes are not known -decreases -remains the same -increases

increases

Physical activity ______ overall energy expenditure. -does not affect -increases -decreases

increases

Fibers that aren't readily dissolved in water & not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria are called: -starch -insoluble fiber -soluble fiber -pectins

insoluble fiber

During exercise, the type of macronutrient used for fuel is dependent on the _______ and _______ of the exercise.

intensity & duration

What does it mean when a fatty acid is considered essential? -it can be synthesized by the body, so theres no need to consume it in the diet -it must be supplied by the diet in order to maintain health

it must be supplied by the diet in order to maintain health

When oxygen is in short supply in exercising muscles, pyruvate is converted to _____ acid, which leads to muscle fatigue.

lactic

A three-carbon acid formed during anaerobic cell metabolism that contributes to muscle fatigue is: -arachidonic acid -pyruvic acid -linoleic acid -lactic acid

lactic acid

A ______ is a modified vegetarian because they will extend their vegetarian diet to include dairy products. -lactovegetarian -fruitarian -vegan -lectoovovegetarian

lactovegetarian

A(n) ______ is part of a plant family with pods that contain a single row of seeds. Examples include: peanuts, garden peas and lentils.

legume

What is the recommendation for trans fat intake according to the Food and Nutrition Board? -limit intake, consume sparingly -trans fats should make up no more than 10% of total calories -there is no current recommendation for trans fat intake

limit intake, consume sparingly

The essential amino acid in lowest concentration in a food or diet relative to body needs is the: -essential amino acid -limiting amino acid -branched-chain amino acid -nonessential amino acid

limiting amino acid

The enzyme ______ plays an important role in fat digestion.

lipase

Once carbs have been absorbed into the blood, where are they taken first in the body? -heart -liver -muscles -brain

liver

Which of the following are major storage sites for glycogen? -stomach & brain -liver & stomach -liver & muscle -muscle & stomach

liver & muscle

Glycogen, the storage form of glucose, is stored in the ____ and ______.

liver; muscles

Many patients with type 2 diabetes can improve blood glucose control by: -following a low-fat, low-sodium diet -losing a moderate amount of weight -taking dietary supplements that contain chromium -avoiding vigorous physical activity

losing a moderate amount of weight

Treatment of overweight & obesity should involve healthy, active living with acceptable diet modifications that will promote weight _____ and later, weight ______. -gain; loss -maintenance; loss -maintenance; gain -loss; maintenance

loss; maintenance

Which factor decreases basal metabolism? -exercise -low calorie intake -high calorie intake -eating carbs

low calorie intake

Which type of protein-calorie malnutrition leads to severe muscle wasting and a "skin and bones" appearance?

marasmus

Aerobic glucose metabolism occurs in the _________ of the cell.

mitochondria

Principles of behavior _____ are critical components of weight reduction & maintenance.

modification

When energy input is less than energy output, the person in _____ energy balance.

negative

Which of the following might happen to someone with an illness? -protein equilibrium -positive protein balance -negative protein balance

negative protein balance

A(n) _______ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy by a healthy body in sufficient amounts.

nonessential

What is a fiber that is not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria called? -fermentable fiber -carbs -starches -nonfermentable fiber

nonfermentable fiber

DNA is stored within the _____ of the cell.

nucleus

Patients with metabolic syndrome may need to increase which type of fat? -trans fat -omega-3 fat -saturated fat -total fat

omega-3 fat

The majority of fat digestion is accomplished by: -stomach lipase -salivary lipase -pancreatic lipase

pancreatic lipase

A(n) ______ bond is a chemical bond formed between single amino acids in a protein.

peptide

Veggie burgers, peanut butter, soy nuts, sunflower seeds and soy milk are great ways to get ______ in the diet. -animal proteins -plant proteins

plant proteins

Fiber is mostly made up of ______. -amylopectin -amylose -starches -polysaccharides

polysaccharides

A ______ protein balance occurs when protein intake exceeds daily protein losses. -negative -positive

positive

If Carlos consumes more calories than he expends, his net energy balance will be _____.

positive

When energy input is greater than energy output, the person is in _____ energy balance.

positive

What macronutrient is a key component of the cells within the immune system & makes up many of the antibodies that defend the body from illness?

protein

Amino acids are the building blocks of: -protein -carbs -triglycerides

proteins

The RDA of 130 grams per day of carbs is set to: -enhance the use of ketones for fuel -provide adequate glucose for the brain & nervous system -encourage weight management -provide adequate glucose for exercising muscles

provide adequate glucose for the brain & nervous system

The need for women to have a higher body fat when compared to men is to maintain: -higher basal metabolic rate -estrogen production -reproductive functions

reproductive functions

Foods that are high in fiber & water promote: -satiety -hunger

satiety

Lactase is produced by the cells of the: -large intestine -stomach -pancreas -small intestine

small intestin

Which type of fiber is fermented by bacteria in the large intestine? -soluble fiber -insoluble fiber -starchy fiber -dietary fiber

soluble fiber

Because blood proteins attract fluid from extracellular spaces into the capillaries, low protein intake can lead to: -muscle wasting -low blood pH -edema -diabetes

Edema

______ is the term than describes physical activity that is planned, repetitive & intended to improve physical fitness.

Exercise

Sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose & ______.

Fructose

Name the major monosaccharide found in the body.

Glucose

_____ is also known as dextrose or blood sugar.

Glucose

If no carbs are consumed, the liver's supply of ____ will be depleted within 18 hours.

Glycogen

____-density lipoprotein is considered the "good" cholesterol.

High

_______ is the process of adding hydrogens to unsaturated fats, which makes a liquid fat more solid at room temperature.

Hydrogenation

Which type of malnutrition is characterized by edema, mild or moderate weight loss, and fatty liver? -Marasmus -Kwashiorkor -Scurvy -Obesity

Kwashiorkor

Milk & other dairy products are major food sources of ______ (a disaccharide).

Lactose

Garden peas, soy beans, and kidney beans are all examples of ______; a plant family with pods containing a row of seeds.

Legumes

_____, _____ and _____ are all examples of both branched-chain amino acids and essential amino acids.

Leucine, isoleucine and valine

Orlistat partially blocks fat digestion & subsequent absorption. Name the fat-digesting enzyme that is inhibited by orlistat.

Lipase

Name the class of nutrients that consists of triglycerdies, phospholipids, and sterols.

Lipids

Name the class of nutrients that consists of triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols.

Lipids

____-density lipoprotein is considered the "bad" cholesterol.

Low

Which disaccharide plays an important role in the production of alcoholic beverages? -Lactose -Maltose -Fructose

Maltose

_______, or malt sugar, has two glucose molecules bonded together.

Maltose

____ influences body weight through the metabolic rate, fuel use, and brain chemistry. -Environment -Nuture -Nature

Nature

______ protein balance occurs when a person consumes less protein than is needed. -positive -negative

Negative

Match the following risk factors with their chance of obesity. -No obese parents -One obese parent -Both parents are obese -40% chance of obesity -80% chance of obesity -10% chance of obesity

No obese parents = 10% chance of obesity One obese parent = 40% chance of obesity Both parents are obese = 80% chance of obesity

How does cholesterol affect digestion of fats in the small intestine? -it binds to fats so that they are excreted -as a component of bile, it emulsifies fats -it is a coenzyme for pancreatic lipase

as a component of bile, it emulsifies fats

At what age can type 1 diabetes first occur? -only during adulthood -only at birth -at any age -only during childhood

at any age

Lean body mass is the most important factor that increases ____ metabolism.

basal

To find your age-predicted maximal heart rate, subtract your ____ from _____.

age; 220

Aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of two _____ acids (phenylalanine & aspartic acid) & methanol.

amino

During low-intensity, long-duration exercise, ______ contributes up to 15% of energy needs. -carbs -fatty acids -amino acids

amino acids

Which polysaccharide is a digestible, branched-chain type of starch composed of glucose units? -amylose -soluble fiber -insoluble fiber -amylopectin

amylopectin

Because of its branched polysaccharide structure, ______ is digested more rapidly than ____. -amylose; amylopectin -amylopectin; amylose

amylopectin; amylose

Place in correct order the steps by which lactic acid is converted into glucose. -glucose resynthesis occurs -lactic acid is extracted by the liver -lactic acid accumulates in the muscle cell -lactic acid is released in the bloodstream

-lactic acid accumulates in the muscle cell -lactic acid is released in the bloodstream -lactic acid is extracted by the liver -glucose resynthesis occurs

What is a digestible straight-chain type of starch composed of glucose units called? -insoluble fiber -amylose -soluble fiber -amylopectin

amylose

Which of the following groups of polysaccharides is digestible by humans? -mucilages & lignins -amylose & amylopectin -pectins & gums -cellulose & hemicelluloses

amylose & amylopectin

The main sources of saturated fat in American diets are: -animal fats -plant oils

animal fats

The Dietary Guidelines urge Americans to: -incorporate at least 3 ounces per day of refined grains -limit intake of added sugars -consume 3 or more ounces per day of whole grains -consume only whole grains

-limit intake of added sugars -consume 3 or more ounces per day of whole grains

Upper-body obesity resembles the shape of a(n): -stalk of celery -banana -apple -pear

apple

Which monosaccharide is commonly found as a component in fruit? -galactose -fructose -maltose -lactose

fructose

Which factors contribute to weight gain during adulthood? Select all that apply. -limited physical activity -excess food intake -slower metabolism -smoking

-limited physical activity -excess food intake -slower metabolism

The reasons why unreliable diets are problematic include: -loss of lean tissue -unchanged habits -limited food selection -loss of fat mass

-loss of lean tissue -unchanged habits -limited food selection

What is the best way to consume amino acids? -whole food -supplement form

whole food

Which of the following are true about cellulose? -easily digestible -made of glucose molecules -insoluble fiber -straight-chain polysaccharide

-made of glucose molecules -insoluble fiber -straight-chain polysaccharide

The key recommendations for weight loss in the 202 Dietary Guidelines include: -losing weight quickly -maintain adequate nutrient intake -losing weight in a slow, steady pace -decreasing calorie intake -increasing physical activity

-maintain adequate nutrient intake -losing weight in a slow, steady pace -decreasing calorie intake -increasing physical activity

Fermentation occurs when -many glucose units are combined to form polysaccharides -limited oxygen supply to exercising muscles leads to a buildup of lactic acid -carbohydrate is converted to alcohol, acids & carbon dioxide without the use of oxygen

Carbohydrate is converted to alcohol, acids & carbon dioxide without the use of oxygen

What are some reasons why fat is added to foods in spite of the negative health implications of consuming a high-fat diet? -fat speeds the process of digestion -many flavors are fat soluble, so fat enhances the flavor of foods -fat improves mouth feel of foods -it is healthful to include some fat in the diet

-many flavors are fat soluble, so fat enhances the flavor of foods -fat improves mouth feel of foods -it is healthful to include some fat in the diet

Type 2 diabetes can often be effectively managed through: -diet -dietary supplements -moderate weight loss -physical activity

-diet -moderate weight loss -physical activity

How does the RPE scale work with regard to determining exercise intensity? -each number corresponds to an objective feeling of exertion -each number corresponds to an estimation of heart rate c

-each number corresponds to an objective feeling of exertion

Rank each of the following foods based on carbohydrate content, from lowest to highest. -baked potato, 1 medium -egg, 1 large -fat-free milk, 1 cup -banana, 1 medium

-egg, 1 large -fat-free milk, 1 cup -banana, 1 medium -baked potato, 1 medium

Which of the following are comments of a whole grain? Select all that apply. -endosperm -germ -glucagon -bran

-endosperm -germ -bran

Leucine, isoleucine, and valine are examples of: select all that apply. -essential amino acids -dispensable amino acids -branched-chain amino acids -essential fatty acids

-essential amino acids -branched-chain amino acids

What are the conditions that elicit the onset of heat cramps? -exercise for several hours in hot climate -significant sweating -consuming salt tablets -large volume of carbohydrate-electrolyte fluids consumed

-exercise for several hours in hot climate -significant sweating

Which of the following are major sources of fuel for cells? Select all that apply. -water -fats -carbs -proteins

-fats -carbs

Heart disease is the ____ leading cause of death among North American adults. -#3 -#1 -#2

#1

List the correct order for performing a beneficial cool down after exercise. -5-10 minutes of stretching -5-10 minutes of low-intensity activity

-5-10 minutes of low-intensity activity -5-10 minutes of stretching

Pair the energy source with the appropriate time it is used in relation to exercise intensity. -ATP -Phosphocreatine -Carbohydrate (anaerobic) -Carbohydrate (aerobic) -at the start of exercise, during short/ explosive bursts of exercise intensity -high-instensity exercise lasting 30 seconds to 2 minutes -used at all times -exercise lasting 2 minutes to 3 hours or more

-ATP = used at all times -Phosphocreatine = at the start of exercise, during short/ explosive bursts of exercise intensity -Carbohydrate (anaerobic) = high-instensity exercise lasting 30 seconds to 2 minutes -Carbohydrate (aerobic) = exercise lasting 2 minutes to 3 hours or more

List the steps of dietary fat absorption from absorption in the small intestine and ending with entrance into the lymphatic system. -Triglycerides are reassembled -Triglycerides are packed into chylomicrons -Absorption of glycerol, monoglycerides & fatty acids into small intestinal cells -Chylomicrons enter the lymphatic system

-Absorption of glycerol, monoglycerides & fatty acids into small intestinal cells -Triglycerides are reassembled -Triglycerides are packed into chylomicrons -Chylomicrons enter the lymphatic system

Identify the reliable & unreliable statements concerning weight-loss programs: -Reliable -Unreliable -Advertised as cure-alls -Recommends physcial activity -Recommends expensive supplements -No attempt to change old habits -Scientific evidence supports program -Recommends lifestyle change

-Advertised as cure-alls = Unreliable -Recommends physical activity = Reliable -Recommends expensive supplements = Unreliable -No attempt to change old habits = Unreliable -Scientific evidence supports program = Reliable -Recommends lifestyle change = Reliable

Match the following behavior modification techniques to the phrases that best explains each. -Chain breaking -Stimulus control -Cognitive restructuring -Contingency management -Self-monitoring -Separates behaviors that tend to occur together -Puts us in charge of temptations -Changes our frame of mind -Prepares one for situations that may trigger overeating -Reveals patterns of unconscious overeating

-Chain breaking = separates behaviors that tend to occur together -Stimulus control = puts us in charge of temptations -Cognitive restructuring = changes our frame of mind -Contingency management = prepares one for situations that may trigger overeating -Self-monitoring = reveals patterns of unconscious overeating

Pair the type of fatty acid with its corresponding chemical structure. -Cis fatty acid -Trans fatty acid -Hydrogens are found on opposite sides of the carbon-carbon double bond -Hydrogens are found on the same side of the carbon-carbon double bond

-Cis fatty acid = hydrogens are found on the same side of the carbon-carbon double bond -Trans fatty acid = hydrogens are found on opposite sides of the carbon-carbon double bond

Patients who experience reactive hypoglycemia may benefit from eating: -as little fat as possible -meals with a mixture of macronutrients -smaller & more frequent meals -two large meals per day

-meals with a mixture of macronutrients -smaller & more frequent meals

Pair the ergogenic aid with the rationale for its use. -Creatine -Sodium Bicarbonate -Caffeine -HMB -Branched-Chain Amino Acids -Counters lactic acid build up -Increases use of fatty acids to fuel muscles, promotes mental alertness -Increases PCr in muscle to keep ATP concentration high -Decreases protein catabolism, and causes a growth-promoting effect -Important energy source, especially when carbohydrates are depleted

-Creatine = increases PCr in muscle to keep ATP concentration high -Sodium Bicarbonate = counters lactic acid build up -Caffeine = increases use of fatty acids to fuel muscles, promotes mental alertness -HMB = decreases protein catabolism, and causes a growth-promoting effect -Branched-Chain Amino Acids = important energy source, especially when carbohydrates are depleted

List the steps of the development of atherosclerosis in the arteries starting with arterial damage & ending with a heart attack. -As plaque accumulates, arteries harden, narrow & lose elasticity -Clot or spasm in a plaque-clogged artery leads to a heart attack -Pressure in artery is increase -Plaque is deposited at the site of initial damage -Damage occurs in blood vessel lining

-Damage occurs in blood vessel lining -Plaque is deposited at the site of initial damage -As plaque accumulates, arteries harden, narrow & lose elasticity -Pressure in artery is increase -Clot or spasm in a plaque-clogged artery leads to a heart attack

Pair the activity level with its correct carb intake recommendation. -Exercise lasting up to 1 hour per day -Exercise lasting longer than 1 hour per day -Exercise lasting several hours per day -10 grams per kilogram body weight -5 grams per kilogram body weight -7 grams per kilogram per day

-Exercise lasting up to 1 hour per day = 7 grams per kilogram per day -Exercise lasting longer than 1 hour per day = 5 grams per kilogram body weight -Exercise lasting several hours per day = 10 grams per kilogram body weight

Select the most logical approaches to weight loss. -Increase physical activity -Reduce calorie intake -Eat special foods -Change problematic eating behaviors

-Increase physical activity -Reduce calorie intake -Change problematic eating behaviors

Order the following steps of the procedure for measuring direct calorimetry from the initial step onwards. -Body heat of a person in the insulated chamber raises temperature of the water surrounding the chamber -Initial temperature of a layer of water surrounding an insulated chamber is measured -Difference between initial & final water temperature is used to determine energy expenditure

-Initial temperature of a layer of water surrounding an insulated chamber is measured -Body heat of a person in the insulated chamber raises temperature of the water surrounding the chamber -Difference between initial & final water temperature is used to determine energy expenditure

Match the hormone with its effect on blood glucose. -Insulin -Glucagon -Decreases blood glucose -Increases blood glucose

-Insulin = decreases blood glucose -Glucagon = increases blood glucose

Match popular sources of dietary fat to either the Mediterranean diet or the typical North American diet. -Mediterranean diet -North American diet -olive oil, fish, nuts -mayo, margarine, whole milk

-Mediterranean diet = olive oil, fish, nuts -North American diet = mayo, margarine, whole milk

Which of the following are true about complete protein sources? Select all that apply. -Most foods of animal origin are sources of complete protein. -Complete proteins are sometimes called "lower-quality" proteins. -Supplies all 9 essential amino acids. -Most foods of plant origin are sources of complete protein.

-Most foods of animal origin are sources of complete protein. -Supplies all 9 essential amino acids.

Put the steps of protein digestion in the correct order, from start to finish. -Trypsin divides the chains of amino acids into smaller amino acid segments. -Partially digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine. -CCK causes the pancreas to release protein-splitting enzymes. -Partially digested proteins trigger the release of the hormone CCK.

-Partially digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine. -Partially digested proteins trigger the release of the hormone CCK. -CCK causes the pancreas to release protein-splitting enzymes. -Trypsin divides the chains of amino acids into smaller amino acid segments.

Match each term with its definition. -Primary lactose maldigestion -Secondary lactose maldigestion -Lactose intolerance -Temporarily decreased production of lactase due to a specific cause, such as an intestinal virus; may cause abdominal pain, gas & diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose -Chronically decreased production of lactase with no apparent cause; may cause abdominal pain, gas & diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose -Chronically decreased production of lactase resulting in severe abdominal pain, gas & diarrhea after consumption of even small amounts of lactose

-Primary lactose maldigestion = chronically decreased production of lactase with no apparent cause; may cause abdominal pain, gas & diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose -Secondary lactose maldigestion = temporarily decreased production of lactase due to a specific cause, such as an intestinal virus; may cause abdominal pain, gas & diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose -Lactose intolerance = chronically decreased production of lactase resulting in severe abdominal pain, gas & diarrhea after consumption of even small amounts of lactose

Order the nutrients below in decreasing order of the energy needed for the thermic effect of foods. -Fat -Carbs -Protein

-Protein -Carbs -Fat

Which of the following are true statements about the functions of protein? Select all that apply. -There is only one main function of protein which is to build muscle -Protein is necessary for blood clotting, fluid balance and cell repair -Protein is a primary fuel source for the body -Protein serves multiple functions in the body

-Protein is necessary for blood clotting, fluid balance and cell repair -Protein serves multiple functions in the body

Place in order the following four steps in the digestion & absorption process of carbohydrates. -Viscous fiber is fermented by bacteria in the large intestine. -Salivary amylase is inactivated by strong acids in the stomach. -Nonfermentable fiber escapes digestion & is excreted in feces. -Enzymes break down starch into maltose in the small intestine.

-Salivary amylase is inactivated by strong acids in the stomach. -Enzymes break down starch into maltose in the small intestine. -Viscous fiber is fermented by bacteria in the large intestine. -Nonfermentable fiber escapes digestion & is excreted in feces.

List the steps of fat digestion & absorption starting in the mouth & ending at the small intestine. -Bile emulsifies the fats -Triglycerides are broken down & absorbed in the small intestine -Some lipase is released by the salivary glands & stomach -Lipase digests long-chain fatty acids & triglycerides -Lipase begins digesting short-chain fatty acids in the stomach

-Some lipase is released by the salivary glands & stomach -Lipase digests long-chain fatty acids & triglycerides -Bile emulsifies the fats -Lipase begins digesting short-chain fatty acids in the stomach -Triglycerides are broken down & absorbed in the small intestine

Fermentation of undigested carbs in the large intestine leads to the production of: Select all that apply. -antioxidants -acids -oxalate -gases

-acids -gases

Select the three key types of activities that should be included in a balanced fitness program. -aerobic -flexibility -balance -strength

-aerobic -flexibility -strength

Which of the following are examples of polysaccharides? -lactose -amylopectin -amylose -glycogen -sucrose -cellulose -maltose

-amylopectin -amylose -glycogen -cellulose

Amylase is: -an acid -an enzyme -a neurotransmitter -a base

-an enzyme

What are some advantages of anaerobic glycolysis? -anaerobic glycolysis is the fastest way to resupply ATP, faster than PCr breakdown -anaerobic glycolysis is the fastest way to resupply ATP, other than PCr breakdown -anaerobic glycolysis provides energy needed for events that require bursts of energy, ranging from 2 to 5 minutes -anaerobic glycolysis provides energy needed for events that require bursts of energy, ranging from 30 seconds to 2 minutes

-anaerobic glycolysis is the fastest way to resupply ATP, other than PCr breakdown -anaerobic glycolysis provides energy needed for events that require bursts of energy, ranging from 30 seconds to 2 minutes

Which of the following are good sources of viscous fiber? -apples -kidney beans -carrots -milk

-apples -kidney beans -carrots

Which of the following artificial sweeteners are currently available in the food supply in the US? Select all that apply. -aspartame -cyclamate -neotame -acesulfame-K

-aspartame -neotame -acesulfame-K

Arrange the following foods from lowest to highest percentage of kcal from fat. -cheddar cheese -canola oil -baked beans -whole milk

-baked beans -whole milk -cheddar cheese -canola oil

A diet that contains less than 10% of kcal from fat may: -lead to malabsorption of vitamin B-12 -increase risk for cardiovascular disease -be deficient in essential fatty acids -be deficient in fat-soluble vitamins

-be deficient in essential fatty acids -be deficient in fat-soluble vitamins

Why does sports anemia occur? -blood plasma volume decreases -blood plasma volume increases & dilutes the blood -red blood cell production significantly decreases with exercise

-blood plasma volume increases & dilutes the blood

The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure requires: -bypassing a short segment of the lower small intestine -bypassing a short segment of the upper small intestine -stomach size reduction to about 30 milliliters -stomach size reduction to about 1 cup

-bypassing a short segment of the upper small intestine -stomach size reduction to about 30 milliliters

Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition & usually accompanies: select all that apply. -weight gain -calorie deficiency -reduction in exercise -lack of nutrients

-calorie deficiency -lack of nutrients

Soft drinks and dairy desserts are major sources of _____ in the American diet. Select all that apply. -calories -added sugars -phytochemicals -whole grains

-calories -added sugars

The body satisfies energy requirements by consuming: -vitamins & minerals supplements -carbs -fats -proteins

-carbs -fats -proteins

Pair the cholesterol content claim with the correct description. -cholesterol free -low cholesterol -reduced cholesterol -no more than 2 mg of cholesterol per serving -contains 25% less cholesterol than the reference food & no more than 2g saturated fat per serving -no more than 20 mg of cholesterol & no more than 2 g of saturated fat per serving

-cholesterol free = no more than 2 mg of cholesterol per serving -low cholesterol = no more than 20 mg of cholesterol & no more than 2 g of saturated fat per serving -reduced cholesterol = contains 25% less cholesterol than the reference food & no more than 2g saturated fat per serving

Which of the following are easy ways to increase your dietary fiber intakes to meet the AIs? -choose veggies -choose white rice -choose fiber-rich fruits -choose whole grains

-choose veggies -choose fiber-rich fruits -choose whole grains

Some consequences associated with heat stroke if left untreated are: select all that apply -loss of sight -circulatory collapse -nervous system damage -memory loss -death

-circulatory collapse -nervous system damage -death

The combo of a very high fiber intake (> 60 grams per day) & low fluid intake can lead to: -constipation -heartburn -intestinal blockages -diarrhea

-constipation -intestinal blockages

To increase muscle mass, an athlete must: select all that apply. -consume branched chain amino acid supplements -consume enough carbs and/or fat to meet energy needs -consume at least enough protein to meet the RDA -perform physical activity that challenges the muscles

-consume enough carbs and/or fat to meet energy needs -consume at least enough protein to meet the RDA -perform physical activity that challenges the muscles

A diet plan Ann found on the internet states, "Eat all you want & lose 10 pounds in 2 weeks." This statement does NOT agree with sound weight loss recommendations, such as: -control problem eating behaviors -set a goal of one pound weight loss per week -encourage increased intake of special foods or dietary supplements

-control problem eating behaviors -set a goal of one pound weight loss per week

The components of the weight-loss triad include: -controlling caloric intake -consuming a low-carb diet -performing regular physical activity -controlling problem behaviors

-controlling caloric intake -performing regular physical activity -controlling problem behaviors

Match each type of lipid to a description of its chemical structure. -fatty acid -triglyceride -phospholipid -sterol -glycerol backbone with fatty acids & at least one phosphorus-containing group -multi-ringed compound with a hydroxyl group -chain of carbons flanked by hydrogens -glycerol backbone with three fatty acids

-fatty acid = chain of carbons flanked by hydrogens -triglyceride = glycerol backbone with three fatty acids -phospholipid = glycerol backbone with fatty acids & at least one phosphorus-containing group -sterol = multi-ringed compound with a hydroxyl group

What has contributed to fewer dental caries in North American children over the las 20 years? Select all that apply. -fluoride toothpaste -fluoridated water -stronger genetic influence

-fluoride toothpaste -fluoridated water

Nutritionally similar to table sugar, honey contains: -fructose -tagatose -galactose -glucose

-fructose -glucose

Which two monosaccharides are components of milk sugar? -galactose -lactose -fructose -glucose

-galactose -glucose

What are some reasons why fluid & electrolyte needs vary widely among people/athletes? -genetics -environmental conditions -body mass -state of glycogen stores

-genetics -environmental conditions -body mass

Which of the following are examples of simple sugars? -glucose -fructose -amylose -galactose

-glucose -fructose -galactose

What are some health risks of pant-based diets for infants and children? -growth retardation -nutrient deficiency -obesity -high blood pressure

-growth retardation -nutrient deficiency

Sugar alcohols are used in: -gum -breath mints -chips -candy

-gum -breath mints -candy

Pair the adverse health condition with its symptoms. -heat exhaustion -heat cramps -heat stroke -painful contractions of skeletal muscles -elevated body temperature; hot, dry skin; poor circulation -profuse sweating; elevated body temperature; headache; dizziness; weakness

-heat exhaustion = profuse sweating; elevated body temperature; headache; dizziness; weakness -heat cramps = painful contractions of skeletal muscles -heat stroke = elevated body temperature; hot, dry skin; poor circulation

The benefits of physical activity include: -helping maintain lower body weight -boosting self esteem -helping with weight loss -helping a person stay physically fit -spot reductions in problem areas

-helping maintain lower body weight -boosting self esteem -helping with weight loss -helping a person stay physically fit

Weight-related diseases that would indicate a need to lose weight include: -high blood glucose -osteoporosis -hypertension -obesity

-high blood glucose -osteoporosis -hypertension -obesity

Compared to margarine, butter is: select all that apply. -higher in cholesterol -lower in cholesterol -higher in saturated fat -lower in saturated fat

-higher in cholesterol -higher in saturated fat

Which of the following are benefits of incorporating strength-training into your workout routine? Select all that apply. -decreases bone mineral density -improves insulin sensitivity -increases basal metabolic rate -prevents age-related sacopenia

-improves insulin sensitivity -increases basal metabolic rate -prevents age-related sacopenia

Which of the following are influences of nuture on body weight? -inactivity -stress -metabolic rate -high-calorie diet

-inactivity -stress -high-calorie diet

Alternative (or artificial) sweeteners: -include saccharin, aspartame & sucralose -can all be substituted, cup for cup, for sugar when baking foods -sweeten foods while providing few or no calories

-include saccharin, aspartame & sucralose -sweeten foods while providing few or no calories

Which of the following are physiological changes that occur in response to regular exercise? Select all that apply. -increased glycogen storage ability -increased number of mitochondria -decreased muscle triglyceride content -decreased insulin sensitivity

-increased glycogen storage ability -increased number of mitochondria

What are the benefits of the warm-up prior to the start of an exercise routine? -increased range of motion -gains in muscle mass -decreased risk of muscle injury

-increased range of motion -decreased risk of muscle injury

Limitations associated with using weight-for-height tables include that it doesn't: -indicate the healthiest body weight -distinguish between fat mass & lean mass -associate fat tissue with better health -associate lean tissue with better health

-indicate the healthiest body weight -distinguish between fat mass & lean mass -associate lean tissue with better health

The RDA for protein is higher than 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight during: select all that apply -infancy -pregnancy -adulthood

-infancy -pregnancy

Positive energy balance is normal & healthy during: -infancy -adulthood -pregnancy -childhood

-infancy -pregnancy -childhood

Which of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia? -bone pain -irritability -shakiness -cramping

-irritability -shakiness

Which of the following statements are true concerning lactic acid? Select all that apply. -when it accumulates, it increases the pH of muscle tissue -it contributes to muscle fatigue during or after intense exercise -it is a three-carbon compound formed during anaerobic cell metabolism -it can be used by the liver to synthesize glucose

-it contributes to muscle fatigue during or after intense exercise -it is a three-carbon compound formed during anaerobic cell metabolism -it can be used by the liver to synthesize glucose

Which statements are true about a diglyceride? -it is the breakdown product of a triglyceride -it consists of two fatty acids bonded to a glycerol backbone - it consists of two glycerol molecules bonded to a fatty acid backbone

-it is the breakdown product of a triglyceride -it consists of two fatty acids bonded to a glycerol backbone

A high-fiber diet is helpful for weight management because: -it is high in protein -it stimulates appetite -it provides few calories -its bulk contributes to satiety

-it provides few calories -its bulk contributes to satiety

Why is it important to limit the number of servings per day of highly-fortified energy bars? -multiple servings per day of highly-fortified foods may lead to nutrient toxicities, especially of fat-soluble vitamins -highly-fortified energy bars may predispose a person to food allergies -unlimited portions of any calorie-containing food may lead to weight gain

-multiple servings per day of highly-fortified foods may lead to nutrient toxicities, especially of fat-soluble vitamins -unlimited portions of any calorie-containing food may lead to weight gain

Inadequate intake of essential amino acids may lead to: -muscle wasting -slow production of body proteins -impaired growth -atherosclerosis

-muscle wasting -slow production of body proteins -impaired growth

Which of the following areas of the body can be permanently damaged by uncontrolled diabetes? -nerves -kidneys -heart -eyes

-nerves -kidneys -heart -eyes

Which of the following micronutrients are important for production of ATP in athletes? Select all that apply. -vitamin B-12 -niacin -thiamin -riboflavin

-niacin -thiamin -riboflavin

How does overconsumption of protein sometimes lead to fatigue? -protein breakdown requires energy compared to carbohydrate & fat -not enough carbs are consumed due to increased protein intake -damage to kidneys fatigues the body

-not enough carbs are consumed due to increased protein intake

How are the different types of fatty acids distinguished? -number of carbon-carbon double bonds along the skeleton -number of glycerol bonds along the skeleton -position of carbon-carbon double bonds along the skeleton -length of the carbon skeleton

-number of carbon-carbon double bonds along the skeleton -position of carbon-carbon double bonds along the skeleton -length of the carbon skeleton

Pair the type of fatty acid with its correct classification. -omega-3 -omega-6 -omega-9 -nonessential fatty acid -essential fatty acid; linoleum acid -essential fatty acid; alpha-linolenic acid

-omega-3 = essential fatty acid; alpha-linolenic acid -omega-6 = essential fatty acid; linoleum acid -omega-9 = nonessential fatty acid

Which of the following are true about essential fatty acids? -omega-6 fatty acids increase inflammation & blood clotting -omega-6 fatty acids increase inflammation but decrease blood clotting -they are unable to be synthesized by body -they are synthesized by the body -omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation & blood clotting

-omega-6 fatty acids increase inflammation & blood clotting -they are unable to be synthesized by body -omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation & blood clotting

What are the functions of HDL cholesterol in the bloodstream? -carries free cholesterol to the liver for digestion & absorption -picks up cholesterol from dying cells & other sources -donates cholesterol to other lipoprotein for transport back to the liver for excretion

-picks up cholesterol from dying cells & other sources -donates cholesterol to other lipoprotein for transport back to the liver for excretion

The 2008 Physical Activity Guideline recommend performing muscle-strengthening activities at least 2 days per week. -aerobic dance -stretching -pilates -weight-lifting

-pilates -weight-lifting

Which of the following are characteristics of unreliable weight-loss programs? -promotes quick weight loss -promote weight loss of greater than 2 pounds per week -lacks scientific support -attempts to modify behaviors -recommends the use of expensive supplements

-promotes quick weight loss -promote weight loss of greater than 2 pounds per week -lacks scientific support -recommends the use of expensive supplements

Which of the following supply the body with usable energy? -vitamins -proteins -lipids -carbs -minerals

-proteins -lipids -carbs

Proteins serve which of the following functions? -proteins regulate blood cholesterol -proteins aid in blood clotting -proteins regulate & maintain essential body functions -proteins play a role in enzyme & hormone production

-proteins aid in blood clotting -proteins regulate & maintain essential body functions -proteins play a role in enzyme & hormone production

As components of cell membranes, phospholipids: -provide structure -form an impermeable barrier -are a source of essential amino acids for the cell -are a source of essential fatty acids for the cell

-provide structure -are a source of essential fatty acids for the cell

How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood? -pump ions into & out of the cells -enhance formation of bicarbonate -increase excretion of CO2 by the lungs -serve as buffers that resist changes in pH

-pump ions into & out of the cells -serve as buffers that resist changes in pH

Which of the following exercises aim to improve flexibility? Select all that apply. -bench press -sit-ups -quadriceps stretch -shoulder reaches

-quadriceps stretch -shoulder reaches

The five subgroups that veggies are organized include: -blue & purple veggies -red & orange veggies -dark green veggies -starchy veggies -beans & peas

-red & orange veggies -dark green veggies -starchy veggies -beans & peas

A high-fiber diet may improve blood cholesterol measurements because: -reduced insulin secretion results in lower cholesterol synthesis in the liver -fatty acids produced during fermentation of soluble fiber in the large intestine reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver -soluble fiber binds to cholesterol in the GI tract, causing it to be excreted -high-fiber are rich in heart-healthy HDLs & low in LDLs

-reduced insulin secretion results in lower cholesterol synthesis in the liver -fatty acids produced during fermentation of soluble fiber in the large intestine reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver -soluble fiber binds to cholesterol in the GI tract, causing it to be excreted

The components of a sound weight loss program include: -reducing intake by 250 kcal & increasing expenditure by about 250 kcal daily -increasing physical activity -lifelong change of eating & exercise habits -short-term chance of eating & exercise patterns -controlling calorie intake

-reducing intake by 250 kcal & increasing expenditure by about 250 kcal daily -increasing physical activity -lifelong change of eating & exercise habits -controlling calorie intake

Match the fatty acid type with its correct chemical structure description. -saturated fatty acid -monounsaturated fatty acid -polyunsaturated fatty acid -contains no carbon-carbon double bonds -two or more carbon-carbon double bonds -one carbon-carbon double bond

-saturated fatty acid = contains no carbon-carbon double bonds -monounsaturated fatty acid = one carbon-carbon double bond -polyunsaturated fatty acid = two or more carbon-carbon double bonds

What are some ways that you can implement & maintain an exercise program in your lifestyle? -start with high-intensity exercises -set goals -monitor progress -start slowly -vary activities

-set goals -monitor progress -start slowly -vary activities

What are some of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease? -smoking -family history -vigorous exercise -hypertension -blood cholesterol > 200 mg

-smoking -family history -hypertension -blood cholesterol > 200 mg

Why is it important for athletes to refrain from using ergogenic aids? -some supplements may contain harmful substances -some supplements may include ingredients that cause athletes to "test positive" for banned substances -ergogenic aids are illegal in the US & Canada

-some supplements may contain harmful substances -some supplements may include ingredients that cause athletes to "test positive" for banned substances

Which of the following are recommended procedures for treating a person suffering from heat exhaustion? Select all that apply. -sponge the person's body with water -cover the person with a blanket to prevent further heat loss -have the person replace fluid as tolerated -take person to a cool environment

-sponge the person's body with water -have the person replace fluid as tolerated -take person to a cool environment

Pair the type of lipid with its correct chemical structure. -sterol -triglyceride -three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone -multi-ring structure with a hydroxyl group

-sterol = multi-ring structure with a hydroxyl group -triglyceride = three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone

What are some natural food sources of sucrose? -milk -sugar beets -maple sugar -breakdown of starches

-sugar beets -maple sugar

The health problems associated with excess body fat include: -surgical risks -liver damage -osteoporosis -bone & joint disorders

-surgical risks -liver damage -bone & joint disorders

Which three of the following contain the highest percentage of calories from carbs? -fat-free milk -table sugar -fish -fruit -legumes -jam

-table sugar -fruit -jam

The Set Point Theory of weight maintenance proposes that: -the body closely regulates the body weight & body fat content -the body does not regulate the weight or the fat content -humans have a genetically predetermined body weight -humans have a genetically predetermined body fat content

-the body closely regulates the body weight & body fat content -humans have a genetically predetermined body weight -humans have a genetically predetermined body fat content

How does changing a protein's shape affect the protein? Select all that apply. -the protein loses it biological activity -it destroys the protein's ability to function normally -it makes the protein more efficient -it keeps the protein from turning into fat

-the protein loses it biological activity -it destroys the protein's ability to function normally

Which of the following are true of polysaccharides: -they are sometimes called simple carbs -they are sometimes called starches -they are found in milk -they are found chiefly in grains, veggies & fruits -they are sometimes called complex carbs -they are disaccharides -they are made of single-sugar units that are bonded together to form a chain

-they are sometimes called starches -they are found chiefly in grains, veggies & fruits -they are sometimes called complex carbs -they are made of single-sugar units that are bonded together to form a chain

What are the major functions of fatty acids & triglycerides in the body? -to aid in transport of fat-soluble vitamins -to provide building blocks for enzymes -to insulate & protect the body -to aid in transport of water-soluble vitamins -to provide energy

-to aid in transport of fat-soluble vitamins -to insulate & protect the body -to provide energy

In metabolic syndrome, which of the following may be elevated? -triglycerides -fasting glucose -blood pressure -high-denstiy lipoprotein

-triglycerides -fasting glucose -blood pressure

The reasons why unreliable diets are problematic include: -loss of fat mass -unchanged habits -loss of lean tissue -limited food selection

-unchanged habits -loss of lean tissue -limited food selection

Fatty acids containing carbon-carbon double bonds are considered _____ fatty acids. -unsaturated -saturated -polyunsaturated

-unsaturated -polyunsaturated

An aerobic workout: -uses small muscle groups in a rhythmic fashion -stretches large & small muscle groups to prevent injuries -uses large muscle groups in a rhythmic fashion -uses large muscle groups to resist a heavy load

-uses large muscle groups in a rhythmic fashion

In the listing of ingredients on a food label, the presence of ____ is an indication that a product is a source of trans fats. -egg-yolk solids -diglycerids -vegetable shortening -partially-hydrogenated oil

-vegetable shortening -partially-hydrogenated oil

What are some examples of foods that are naturally colesterol-free? -reduced-fat milk -veggie shortening -peanut butter -margarine -veggie oil

-veggie shortening -peanut butter -margarine -veggie oil

Dell has just pedaled his bike to the top of a hill & rates his perceived exertion at 8. His heat is pounding & he is trying hard to catch his breath. Dell's activity can be describes as: -moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity -vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity

-vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity

What is the RDA for protein? -3.2 grams/kg -0.8 grams/kg -3.0 grams/kg -2.0 grams/kg

0.8 grams/kg

The 2010 Dietary Guidelines recommend that _____ of our grains come from whole grains. -none -1/2 -all -1/4

1/2

There area a total of ____ nonessential amino acids that the body needs in order to function.

11

What is the criterion for fasting blood glucose above which an individual is diagnosed as diabetic? -150 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood -140 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood -110 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood -126 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood

126 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood

The average adult male needs about ____ cups of fluid per day.

13

How much does physical activity increase energy expenditure beyond basal metabolism? - 15-35% - 50-75% - 10-15% - 35-50%

15-35%

A serving from the MyPlate fruit group provides ___ grams of carbs.

18

Match the following BMI categories to their classifications. -18.5-24.9 -Between 25 & 29.9 -Greater or equal to 30 -Less than 18 -healthy weight -overweight -obesity -underweight

18.5-24.9 = healthy weight between 25 & 29.9 = overweight greater or equal to 30 = obesity less than 18 = underweight

How often should you include muscle-strengthening activities in your fitness program? -2 to 3 nonconsecutive days per week -2 to 3 consecutive days per week -5 days per week -once per week

2 to 3 nonconsecutive days per week

1 pound = ____ kilograms

2.2

The American Institute for Cancer Research promotes the "New American Plate," which suggest that plant-based foods cover ____ of the plate. -1/3 -1/2 -1/4 -2/3

2/3

How many different amino acids does the body use (including essential and nonessential)?

20

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range set by the Food and Nutrition Board for lipids is ___% to ___% of kilocalories.

20%; 35%

Angela weighs 61 kg & is 1.6 meters tall. Calculate her BMI, rounding to the nearest whole number. -24 -28 -34 -38

24 Body weight (in kilograms) / height^2 (inches)

What percentage of North Americans show signs of lactose maldigestion? -25% -75% -50%

25%

There are approximately ____ Calories in 1 pound of fat tissue.

3500

What is Adequate Intake level of dietary fiber for men? -18 grams -28 grams -48 grams -38 grams

38 grams

Proteins supply the body with about ___ kilocalories per gram.

4

Which of the following exercises would most effectively build muscular strength? -4 to 6 biceps curls with very heavy weights -8 to 10 biceps curls with moderately heavy weights -50 sit-ups -60 second plank

4 to 6 biceps curls with very heavy weights

Upper-body obesity is diagnosed in males when the waist circumference exceeds ___ inches.

40

According to the Food & Nutrition Board, carbohydrates should provide ___% to ___% of total calories in the diet.

45; 65

A serving from the MyPlate veggie group provides ___ grams of carbs.

5

Roughly only about ____% of the body's energy needs during rest & exercise is contributed by the metabolism of amino acids.

5

How many calories are in one gram of fat? -7 -4 -9

9

Which of the following is an important concept to have when keeping a weight goal in perspective? -Dietary supplements are a critical component of any weight-loss programs -Learn to ignore the body's cues for hunger & have willpower to avoid cravings -You must never eat foods with added sugars -A healthy, sustainable rate of weight loss is 1 to 2 pounds per week

A healthy, sustainable rate of weight loss is 1 to 2 pounds per week

Carbs, proteins and fats can be converted to energy in the form of _____ in the cell as an immediate source of energy for all body functions.

ATP

Name the main energy currency of cells.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

_____ is an over-the-counter version of orlistat, a weight-loss medication that blocks the digestion of fat in the small intestine.

Alli

Which polysaccharide is a digestible, branched-chain type of starch composed of glucose units? -amylopectin -insoluble fiber -soluble fiber -amylose

Amylopectin

Which type of starch makes up 80% of digestible starches in the diet? -hemicelluloses -amylose -amylopectin

Amylopectin

Veggies, beans, breads, pasta & rice are common food sources of: -lipids -lactose -amylose -sugar alcohols

Amylose

_____ is commonly used in the clinical setting to assess weight status because it is inexpensive, non-invasive & closely related to body fat content. -BIA -BMI -DEXA -Underwater weighing

BMI

______ is a type of lipid that is found only in foods of animal origin.

Cholesterol

Incorrect mRNA production and incorrect polypeptide chain production both result from an error in the _____ code.

DNA

Soluble fiber ____ the absorption of cholesterol & cholesterol-rich bile acids into the blood.

Decreases

Lower-body obesity is named after the type of fruit due to its shape? -Apple -Pear -Orange -Banana

Pear

The _______ molecule contains a glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, and a phosphorus group and is classified as a lipid.

Phospholipid

______ _______ is defined as the ability to perform moderate to vigorous activity without undue fatigue.

Physical fitness

____ is a cholesterol-rich substance deposited in the blood vessels.

Plaque

Which type of carbs is formed by linking many (e.g., hundreds) of glucose units together? -monosaccharides -polysaccharides -saccharin -disaccharides

Polysaccharides

_____ is a nutrient that forms important structures in the body, makes up a key part of the blood, helps regulate many body functions and can fuel body cells. Amino acids join together to form this nutrient.

Protein

________, a three-carbon compound formed during glucose metabolism, is also called pyretic acid.

Pyruvate

_______ is an alternative sweetener that was once thought to cause bladder cancer, but now is considere safe when consumed in typical amounts.

Saccharin

Complex carbohydrates are also known as: -peptides -glucose -starch -sucrose

Starch

What does "other carbs" on a food label often refer to? -Fiber -Simple sugars -Milk sugars -Starch

Starch

_____ fats produced during the hydrogenation process closely resemble the structure of _____ fats due to the altered chemical structure that results during this process.

Trans; saturated

Three fatty acids combine with glycerol to form _______.

Triglycerides

Who has a lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease, hypertension and many forms of cancer? -vegetarians -non-vegetarians

Vegetarians

Eating fruits provides health benefits similar to _______.

Veggies

Body cells must convert the chemical energy in carbs, proteins, or fats into _______ ______ in order to fuel body function.

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

The amount & location of ____ in the body are important predictors of cardiovascular disease risk. -muscle tissue -bone -adipose tissue -glycogen

adipose tissue

What is it about ATP that makes it the energy currency of the cell? -it transfers electrons across the cell membrane to create an electrochemical gradient -it can conduct an electrical current when dissolved in water -it provides 9 kilocalories per grams -chemical energy is stored in its phosphate bonds

chemical energy is stored in its phosphate bonds

Plant oils are always ____-free. -fat -cholesterol -polyunsaturated fat -saturated fat

cholesterol

How may one detect whether or not hidden fats are in a food product? -consult the nutrition facts panel -look for nutrient claims on package -consult the ingredients list

consult the ingredients list

Which artificial sweetener is banned in the US? -aspartame -cyclamate -tagatose -saccharin

cyclamate

If height, weight & physical activity level are held constant, energy requirements ____ as an adult ages. -increase -decrease -stay the same

decrease

The American Heart Association recommends using plant oils rather than animal fats in food preparation to: -decrease saturated fat intake -decrease intake of added sugars -decrease total fat intake -decrease polyunsaturated fat intake

decrease saturated fat intake

Lipids are a diverse group of chemical compounds. Which of the following properties do all types of lipids have in common? -do not readily dissolve in water -supply 9 calories of energy per gram -liquid at room temperature

don't readily dissolve in water

A major function of phospholipids in foods is to act as (a)n: -antioxidant -emulsifier -antimicrobial agent -flavoring agent

emulsifier

Muscle ________ describes the ability of the muscle to perform many repetitions of an exercise with light or moderate resistance.

endurance

Which of the following best describes the energy balance equation? -energy input < energy output -energy input = energy output -energy input > energy output

energy input = energy output

Animal proteins are a good source of all nine ________ amino acids.

essential

The major cause of male obesity in adulthood may be: -periods of stress & boredom -childhood obesity -excess calorie intake -high socioeconomic class

excess calorie intake

Which macronutrient provides 9 kilocalories calories per gram? -carbohydrates -fat -protein

fat

The dietary approach that has been most successful in the long-term studies is the low-fat, high ____ approach.

fiber

With regard to planning a fitness program, FITT stands for ______, ______, ________ and ______ of exercise.

frequency, intensity, time and type

Compared to regular margarine, reduced-fat margarine contributes less fat & total calories to the diet because" -the type of fat is metabolized more efficiently -some of the fat has been replaced by water -lack of flavor leads to reduced overall intake -the fat is bound to a protein that limits absorption

some of the fact has been replaced by water

Which of the following is a sugar alcohol? -acesulfame-K -sorbitol -aspartame -neotame

sorbitol

Muscular power is a combo of muscular strength and: -speed -endurance -size -flexibility

speed

The use of a pedometer to monitor activity enables the achievement of the recommended goal of 10,000 ____ per day.

steps

A ____ is a lipid with a multi-ringed structure. -sterol -fatty acid -phospholipid -triglyceride

sterol

Which of the following exercises would be especially helpful for an older adult who wishes to improve strength, balance and stability? -biceps curls -swimming -shoulder reaches -tai chi

tai chi

Sickle cell anemia is an example of what happens when there is variation in: -protein digestion -the DNA code -amino acid metabolism -fatty acid metabolism

the DNA code

In which part of the GI tract does digestion of carbs begin? -the mouth -the stomach -the colon -the small intestine

the mouth

What is the carbohydrate loading technique? -the process in which high-carb intake is consumed while training is increased prior to competition -the process in which high-carb intake is consumed while maintaining training prior to competition -the process in which high-carb intake is consumed while tapering training prior to competition

the process in which high-carb intake is consumed while tapering training prior to competition

What is the primary function of carbs in the body? -to provide structure to all the cells in the body -to provide energy for the body -to insulate the body -to build muscle

to provide energy for the body

Stick margarine has more _____ fatty acids than tub margarine.

trans

_____ are the major form of lipids found in foods and in the human body. -sterols -phospholipids -lipoproteins -triglycerides

triglycerides

______ diabetes is strongly associated with genetics, physical inactivity, poor diet & obesity. -type 2 -type 1

type 2

All of the following are reliable treatments for obesity except: -decreased calorie intake -using diet pills -increased physical activity -behavior modification

using diet pills

Which MyPlate food groups contain many high-fiber foods? -veggies -dairy -grains -protein

veggies

When is hyponatremia most likely to occur? -when not enough water has been consumed -when too much sodium is consumed -when too much caffeine is consumed -when too much water has been consumed

when too much water has been consumed