FTCE Full subject practice questions

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Which of the following is an example of double speak? "It is what it is." "It's raining cats and dog." "He uses alternative facts." "As clean as a whistle."

"He uses alternative facts."

Mendel

"father of genetics" cross pollinated pea plants and figured out dominant and recessive traits

Which of the following is the sum of the prime factors of 140

(1 is not prime) 2,5,7,11,13,etc Prime of 140 = (2,5,7) Sum= 2+5+7 = 14

Associative property of addition

(a+b)+c=a+(b+C)

Associative property of multiplication

(ab)c=a(bc)

Arms Race

*Between Soviets and US - who can get its nuclear program going first * Part of Cold War

Space Race

*Russians launch Sputnik into space in 1957 * US amps up its space program *Kennedy wants to beat Russia to the moon *1969- US lands on moon * Part of Cold War

Mesopotamia

- irrigation

-Summative

- occurs at end of instruction (to measure final understanding)

-Diagnostic

- occurs before instruction (gauges prior knowledge)

-Formative

- occurs during instruction (embedded to see students' learning progress)

India

- spices

Spelling Rule

--Before adding an ending to one-syllable words which end with a single consonant following a single short vowel, double the consonant. Examples: slap, slapping; fit, fitted

Spelling Rule

--When adding a prefix, do not drop a letter from or add a letter to the original word. Examples: dissatisfied, misspelled

Spelling Rule

--When both words are equally important in a compound noun, the -s is added to the last word. Examples: city-states, booby traps

Economic Depression

-Declining business activities -Falling prices -Rising unemployment -Increasing inventories -Pubic fear -Panic

Assessment types

-Diagnostic - occurs before instruction (gauges prior knowledge) -Formative - occurs during instruction (embedded to see students' learning progress) -Summative - occurs at end of instruction (to measure final understanding) -criterion-referenced- measures student performance against fixed set of predetermined criteria or learning standards norm0referenced (percentile)- assessment or evaluation that yields an estimate of the position of the tested individuals with a predefined population

Citizenship Rights

-freedom to express yourself -freedom to worship as you wish -right to a prompt, fair trail by jury - right to vote in elections for public officials -right to apply for federal employment requiring US citizenship -right to run for elected office -freedom to pursue "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."

Effective Science instruction NSTA (2009)

-having pedagogical knowledge -providing learning opportunities that meet the individual needs of students, placing the learner at the center of instruction -facilitating learning opportunities that develop students conceptual understanding *students have to touch, feel, and observe to understand science

Citizenship responsibilities

-support and defend the Constitution -stay informed of the issues affecting your community -participate in the democratic process -respect and obey federalists, state, and local laws -respect the rights, beliefs, and opinions of others -participate in your local community -pay income and other taxes honestly and on time to federal, state, and local authorities -serve on a jury when called upon -defend the country if the need should arise

Economic recession

-very slow economic growth -failure to raise interest rates when needed - high interest rates -overspending -large losses in the business sector

stanine scores

1,2,3 below average 4,5,6 Average 7,8,9 Above average

Cell theory

1. all living things are made up of cells 2.the cell is the smallest unit of life 3. all cells come from pre-existing cells

Articles of the Constitution

1. legislative branch 2. executive branch/ electoral college 3. judicial branch 4. states, citizenships, new states 5. Amendment process 6. Debts, supremacy, oaths, religious tests 7. ratification

Steps to the Scientific Method

1. make an observation 2. Ask a question 3. form a hypothesis 4. Conduct an experiment 5. analyze the data and draw a conclusion

Centuries

15th = 1400-1499 16th= 1500-1599 17th=1600-1699 18th=1700-1799 19th= 1800-1899 20th= 1900-1999 21st= 2000-2099

John Locke and the Declaration of Independence

17th century Englishman who redefined the nature of government. Most important influence to shape the founding of the US. Believed that a ruler gains authority through the consent of the governed. The duty of the government is to protect the natural rights of the peoples life, liberty, and property. If the government should fail to protect these rights its citizens would have the right to overthrow that government. His ideas deeply influence Thomas Jefferson as he drafted the Declaration of Independence

Potato Famine

1845- 1852. killed nearly 1 million men, women, and children in Ireland and caused another 2 million to flee the country. resulted in Irish immigrants coming to the US causing huge increase in the Irish population in US cities

American Civil War

1861-1865. Between the Confederate South and the Union North. Was the result of long-standing controversy over slavery and states' rights. Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and 4 million slaves were freed.

What amendment was the only one to be repealed? 18th. 21st. 9th. 14th.

18th.

Theodore Roosevelt

1901-1909. Progressive Reforms

William Taft

1909-1913. President and chief justice

Woodrow Wilson

1913-1920. A New World Order

Warren G. Harding

1921-1923. Sensitive to the plights of Women and minorities

Calvin Coolidge

1923-1929. Roaring 20s

Herbert Hoover

1929-1933.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

1933-1945. Great Depression. New Deal. WWII

Harry S. Truman

1945-1953. Atomic Bomb, End of WWII

Cold War

1947-1991. State of political and military tension after WWII between the powers in the Western Bloc (US and NATO) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (USSR and satellite states)

Dwight D. Eisenhower

1953-1961. Formal General

John F. Kennedy

1961-1963. Bay of Pigs, Vietnam, Youngest president, youngest to die in office. Assassinated in 1963

Lyndon B. Johnson

1963-1969 Civil rights, Vietnam

Richard Nixon

1969-1974. Watergate

Gerald Ford

1974-1977. Collapse of Cambodia and South Vietnam

James Carter

1977-1981. Iran Contra

Ronald Reagan

1981-1989. Soviet Union. Nuclear Missile Crisis

George H.W. Bush

1989-1993. Iraq War

Bill Clinton

1993-2001. Iraq War

Isotopes

2 or more forms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

1950s

22nd Amendment limiting presidency to two terms of four years each. 1957- Russians launch Sputnik -> impacted our scientific exploration

Preliterate scribbling

2nd Stage of Early Writing Scribble but intends it as writing. student holds the pencil correctly

Requirements to be President

35 years old, natural-born citizen, US resident for 14 years

Emergent

3rd part of emergent writing. student uses random letters or drawings. use letter sequences and may write long strings of numbers in random order (decoding, sounding out words)

Transitional

4th stage of emergent writing. student continues to use a variety of different strategies to spell more difficult words. use inventive spelling

Linnaeus kingdoms

6- Animal, Plant, fungi, proties, eubacteria archeobacteria

The number .67 is equal to?

67%

1. A teacher is helping students understand rhyme in words. She uses words like sound, found, hound, and round. She and the students are working on a lesson that focuses on: A. phonemic awareness. B. phonics. C. semantic analysis. D. syntactic analysis.

1. A teacher is showing students how to measure the mass of a rock. What is the most appropriate tool to use in this lesson? A. balance B. scale C. measuring cup D. thermometer

1. The first developmental phase in reading is: A. emergent. B. early. C. fluent. D. transitional.

1. The idea that it was the fate of Americans to explore and develop the entire country, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, is called: A. Manifest Destiny. B. Trail of Tears. C. Westward Colonization. D. U.S. Secession.

1. Which state was purchased from Spain? A. Florida B. Virginia C. Massachusetts D. Louisiana

10. When a student has awareness of phonemes in words, syllables, onset-rime segments, and spelling, he or she is demonstrating: A. phonological awareness. B. phonics mastery. C. phonemic awareness. D. structural analysis.

11. A student scores in the 38th percentile on the aural/oral Language Assessment Battery (LAB) test. What should the teacher communicate to the parents? A. The student will be classified as LY and placed in an ESOL program. B. The students will not be classified as LY and will not be placed in an ESOL program. C. The student will be classified as LY and placed in an ESE program. D. The student will not be classified as LY and will be placed in general education.

11. What separates the Western Hemisphere and the Eastern Hemisphere? A. Prime Meridian B. Equator C. longitude D. latitude

12. Students are testing different types of Teflon on pans to see which Teflon keeps the highest temperature. Students take 3 different types pans lined with three different types of Teflon and determine which type allows water to boil the quickest. When seeing which Teflon reaches the highest heat, what should be controlled in this experiment? A. the amount of water put in each pan B. the time of day the experiment was conducted C. the brand of stove used to head the pans D. the store where the pans were purchased

12. The Bill of Rights is included in: A. Amendments 1-10. B. Amendments 1-5. C. Amendments 1-6. D. Amendments 1-3.

13. A fifth grade teacher takes her students on a nature walk. During the walk, students observe nature and write down observations. What type of strategy are students engaging in? A. experiential learning B. differentiated instruction C. performance-based D. authentic assessment

13. The six different kingdoms are: A. plante, animalia, fungi, protista, eubacteria, archaebacteria. B. phylum, animalia, fungi, protista, eubacteria, archaebacteria. C. plante, animalia, fungi, protista, eubacteria, prokaryote. D. plante, animalia, fungi, protista, eukaryote, archaebacteria.

13. Which of the following is effective in building fluency and confidence? A. choral reading B. echo reading C. round robin reading D. literature circles

13. Which of the following was the first colony founded in the United States? A. Jamestown B. St. Augustine C. Plymouth D. Louisiana

14. John Locke influenced our Founding Fathers in drafting the: A. Declaration of Independence. B. Constitution. C. Federalist Papers. D. Electoral College.

14. When students read a text together and then analyze the meaning, what kind of strategy are they using? A. shared reading B. choral reading C. repeated reading D. round robin reading

14. Which branch of government makes laws? A. legislative B. executive C. judicial D. senate

15. In a third grade class, students learn that the white moth has a rare genetic make-up that makes it difficult for predators to see it. The black moth does not have the same genetic make-up, and is easily seen by predators and eaten. The students are learning about: A. natural selection. B. adaptation. C. fossils. D. classification.

15. Ms. Rodriguez wants students to understand the diet of an owl. The best way for students to understand this is by: A. dissecting an owl pellet (owl poop). B. researching owls in an encyclopedia. C. reading a chapter on owls in the textbook. D. using a Venn diagram to compare and contrast the owl diet with the hawk diet.

15. Which assessment method would be appropriate to guide instruction for fluency issues? A. informal reading inventory B. readers theatre C. multiple choice test D. spelling quiz

16. Fourth grade students are learning how agriculture affects the economy in Florida. What would be the most effective strategy to use for this cause-and-effect assignment? A. a graphic organizer B. independent reading C. cooperative learning D. debate

16. Which of the following has an open circulatory system? A. insects B. dogs C. vertebrates D. fish

17. As a teacher is reading from the board, she sweeps her hand across the text from left to right. What is she trying to show her students? A. print structures B. cvc words C. punctuation D. sight words

17. Students are reading the U.S. Constitution to see exactly what is outlined in the document. The Constitution is considered a: A. primary source. B. secondary source. C. scholarly source. D. web-based source.

17. The particles in an atom that are negatively charged are: A. electrons. B. protons. C. neutrons. D. protons and neutrons together.

17. Uncle Tom's Cabin is a novel that would mainly appeal to: A. abolitionists. B. constitutionalists. C. academics. D. revolutionaries.

17. Which of the following is the most appropriate tool to use for reading comprehension? A. reading response journals B. cloze activity C. running record D. miscue analysis

18. When students memorize high-frequency words, they are engaging in: A. sight word recognition B. decoding C. onset rhyme D. structural analysis

19. All cells contain all of these elements EXCEPT: A. cell wall. B. DNA. C. chromosomes. D. organelles

19. Amendment ___ gives U.S. citizens the right to peacefully assemble. A. I B. II C. III D. IV

19. Between 1849 and 1852, nearly 250,000 people arrived in California, which ultimately led to the admission of California as a state in 1850. What was the cause of the largest migration in American history to date? A. California Gold Rush B. discovery of oil and gas C. expansion of the fur trade D. Transcontinental Railroad

19. Which is NOT an appropriate use of a rubric? A. to identify miscues in student writing B. as a guide and self-evaluation tool for students C. as a teacher evaluation tool for student work for an assignment D. to set the expectations and criteria for a specific assignment

2. A map that shows state lines and boundaries is called a: A. political map. B. special map. C. physical map. D. typographic map.

2. What is the cause of breezy conditions on the beach and non-breezy conditions more inland? A. The area near the shore and the inland areas are heating and cooling at different rates. B. The area near the shore and the inland areas are heating and cooling at the same time. C. The wind is stronger inland. D. The wind is stronger on the shoreline.

20. A bike left out in the rain forms rust in areas that were exposed to water. What kind of change is this? A. chemical B. physical C. genetic D. structural

20. A student is reading a piece of text aloud while the teacher follows along. As the student reads, the teacher documents her mistakes. After the student is finished reading, the teacher and student go over what the student stumbled on and how to fix those mistakes. What activities are the student and teacher engaging in? A. running record with a miscue analysis B. running record with phonemic awareness C. phonological awareness with miscue analysis D. phonemic awareness with phonological awareness

20. How should a teacher instruct her students to read a newspaper? A. Have the students skim the entire paper, pick two or three articles of interest, and read those articles in their entirety. B. Have students read the newspaper in its entirety from beginning to end. C. Have students skim the whole paper, picking up useful information here and there. D. Have students only read the sections they usually like to read.

20. The job of the cell membrane is to: A. control the movement of substances in and out of the cell. B. control all cell activities. C. make proteins within the cell. D. replicate DNA in the cell.

21. A tree going through photosynthesis is using what type of energy? A. chemical energy B. mechanical energy C. solar energy D. electrical energy

21. In Iran, the government rules based on Islamic doctrine. This type of government is called a: A. theocracy. B. monarch. C. democracy. D. oligarchy.

22. The Axis Powers were defeated by the Allies in World War II. Which one of the following is NOT one of the defeated Axis Powers? A. The Soviet Union B. Germany C. Japan D. Italy

23. A teacher has students reading at different levels within one classroom. What can she do to ensure she is meeting the needs of every student? A. Using data, the teacher determines the needs of each student and targets and differentiates her instruction accordingly. B. Using data, the teacher determines the needs of each student and teaches to the middle so every student can achieve. C. Using data, the teacher determines the needs of each student and sends home extra homework for those struggling. D. Using data, the teacher determines the needs of each student and makes certain content easier for struggling students.

23. Congress is part of the _________________ branch of government. A. legislative B. executive C. judicial D. all of the above

23. The Latin phrase caveat emptor encourages consumers to use comparison shopping to: A. examine products carefully before purchasing. B. find the best prices. C. avoid using credit. D. avoid buying products based on impulse.

23. These are made up of atoms that are held together by chemical bonds: A. molecules B. electrons C. protons D. particles

23. What is the most effective way to teach new vocabulary to students? A. Study new words in context. B. Write new words and their definitions. C. Write a story using new words. D. Study new words for homework.

23. Which of the following would be the best way to differentiate in a science classroom? A. lab stations B. video-based lessons C. group projects D. web-based learning

24. During the discovery and application process, students are making predictions and testing their hypotheses. What should the teacher be doing at this time? A. coaching and guiding as needed B. demonstrating lab safety C. presenting situations and posing questions D. maintaining order throughout the classroom

24. Students are deciding whether to write a persuasive essay or an expository essay. What should students consider first? A. audience B. length C. publication D. genre

24. __________________ happen when warmer, lighter air at the Equator moves toward the cooler air at the poles. A. convection currents B. conduction currents C. atmospheric currents D. jet streams

25. Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Mr. Madison is a fifth grade teacher who wants to measure his students' mastery of persuasive writing. Which activity would be the most appropriate to meet the objective? A. an essay arguing an opinion about a topic B. a whole-class debate on a controversial topic C. a research project about local wildlife D. a series of personal mini-memoirs on a theme

25. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. Its most important power is: A. judicial review. B. executive review. C. legislative review. D. amendment review.

25. What would be the best way to help third grade students understand the attributes of the Virginia Colony and persuade people to move to the Virginia Colony? A. Draw a poster outlining all the amenities and characteristics Virginia has to offer settlers. B. Write a persuasive essay on why Virginia is the best colony in the U.S. C. Research the Virginia Colony in an online encyclopedia. D. Bring in a guest speaker to talk about the Virginia Colony back in colonial times.

26. Most _________________ have a closed circulatory system. A. vertebrates B. invertebrates C. bacteria D. archaebacteria

27. A climate map is a type of : A. special purpose map. B. political map. C. physical map. D. traditional map.

27. Which of the following accurately describes a parallel circuit? A. Electricity flows along more than one pathway. B. Electricity flows along one pathway. C. The flow of electricity comes from one source. D. The flow of electricity comes from more than one source.

27. Which of the following strategies is most effective in increasing students' automaticity. A. repeated reading B. read aloud think aloud C. structural analysis D. phonological awareness

28. When metal rusts, this is called: A. chemical weathering. B. erosion. C. physical weathering. D. deposition.

29. A fifth grade teacher wants to build background knowledge before she and her students read Native American poetry. What can the teacher do? A. Have students engage with Native American culture either virtually or through a field trip. B. Have students look up Native American poetry online. C. Have students use cooperative learning to read Native American poetry. D. Have students design a project about Native Americans reflecting the poetry.

29. The Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868 granted the Sioux nation ownership of the Black Hills, which were considered sacred grounds for the Sioux. That treaty was broken when: A. the United States Government seized the land when gold was found there. B. General Custer went on the Black Hills Expedition to choose a location for a new Army fort and to investigate the area's natural resources. C. the Sioux moved across the country to California. D. the Sioux waged war of General Custer before he got to Black Hills.

29. ____________________ is the force resisting the motion of something. A. Friction B. Push/pull C. Velocity D. Mass

3. The Florida Everglades were drained: A. to make land available for agriculture use. B. to dig underground navigation routes through Florida. C. to irrigate North Florida and the Panhandle. D. to build settlements and housing complexes.

3. ___________________ and ___________________ are productive skills, while ___________________ and ___________________ are receptive skills. A. speaking and writing; reading and listening B. reading and listening; speaking and writing C. speaking and reading; writing and listening D. speaking and listening; reading and writing

30. A teacher is helping students with their metacognition. Which of the following activities would be most effective? A. Help students think about their thinking. B. Help students decode words when needed. C. Allow students to choose texts they enjoy. D. Allow students to work in centers together.

30. Read the poem by Edward Lear below and answer the question that follows. There was an Old Man in a tree, Who was horribly bored by a Bee; When they said, "Does it buzz?" He replied, "Yes, it does! It's a regular brute of a Bee!" This is an example of a: A. limerick. B. sonnet. C. haiku. D. free verse.

30. Which of the following is a condition that increases a hurricane's intensity? A. staying over warm water for long periods of time B. staying over cool water for long periods of time C. moving over land D. moving in the opposite direction

31. What part of the Earth receives the most sunlight in a year? A. the Equator B. the Western Hemisphere C. the desert D. the South Pole

32. Leaving a country because of tyrannical government and war is an example of A. push factor B. pull factor C. immigrant factor D. emigrant factor

32. Why is there no vaccine for the common cold? A. The common cold is caused by nearly 250 different viruses. B. The common cold is now immune to any vaccines. C. The common cold is a virus; therefore, vaccines do not work. D. The common cold is so common that people do not need a vaccine.

33. A fourth grade teacher walks around the room, stopping to question students who are working in cooperative learning groups about the story. Which type of assessment is the teacher using? A. informal B. formal C. diagnostic D. standardized

33. If a teacher wants her students to engage in a debate about the right to peacefully assemble, what amendment of the U.S. Constitution should they study? A. 1 st Amendment B. 2 nd Amendment C. 3 rd Amendment D. 4 th Amendment

33. Which article of the Constitution established the legislative branch of the United States of America? A. Article I B. Article II C. Article III D. Article IV

34. When the governor and legislature cannot decide or agree on a law, they will often use a(n) ______________ and let the voters decide during the election. A. referendum B. article C. amendment D. ballot

34. Which is NOT true of the conventional letters stage of writing? A. The writing is usually more vertical than horizontal. B. The letters are usually from the child's name. C. Children are not always conscious they are making conventional letters. D. Children often create strings of letters across a page.

35. A rock sitting on top of a hill has what kind of energy? A. potential B. kinetic C. mechanical D. chemical

35. Students are breaking down words using prefixes and suffixes. The are conducting a: A. structural analysis. B. semantic analysis. C. phonics analysis. D. rubric analysis.

36. A third grade science teacher is demonstrating conduction. What would be the most appropriate demonstration? A. submerging a cold spoon in a bowl of hot water and observing the result B. using a magnifying glass to reflect the sun's rays C. displaying a graphic wind currents on the interactive board D. using a batteries and light bulbs to show electricity moving in a circuit

36. When a map's features show a real object with accurate sizes reduced or enlarged by a certain amount, the map is said to be: A. scale. B. key. C. representative. D. accurate.

36. Which is NOT a characteristic of emergent writing? A. conventional spelling B. conventional letters C. mock letters D. inventive spelling

36. Which of the following modes of writing conveys factual information with data and is free from bias. A. expository B. narrative C. argumentative D. persuasive

37. A ___________________ is prolonged period of high inflation, high unemployment, and increased public fear. A. depression B. stagnation C. recession D. inflation

37. Before scientists can perform an experiment on human subjects, scientists must: A. obtain informed consent. B. obtain a waiver. C. use a control or placebo. D. use an independent variable.

38. Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Mr. Lapeer is a new first grade teacher who is building his classroom library. Many of his students come from diverse cultural backgrounds where English is the second language used. While the most common second language is Spanish, he also has students whose families speak German and Haitian Creole. Which type of books would Mr. Lapeer NOT include in his library? A. books that are illustrated with exaggerated features of a cultural group B. books that portray female characters who break cultural stereotypes C. books that portray men of color as positive role models D. books that portray children with disabilities as capable main characters

38. The best way for a group of students to collect and organize different data points, such as measures of plant growth by date, would be to use a: A. spreadsheet. B. database. C. lab journal. D. wiki.

38. Which action can ONLY be taken by the federal government? A. printing money B. fixing potholes C. regulating trade D. regulating prisons

39. A cook left a metal spoon in the pot of bowling water. The spoon gets just as hot as the water. What process is happening? A. conduction B. convection C. evaporation D. radiation

39. If a plant is growing in the corner of the room, the plant will most likely grow toward: A. the light. B. the window. C. the AC. D. the students.

39. In a market economy, competition is supposed to: A. drive prices down. B. drive prices up. C. keep prices the same. D. fluctuate prices.

4. A teacher is going over word structure in this order: cvc. cvcc, cvcv, ccvcc. What method is she using? A. systematic word arrangement B. semantic word arrangement C. comprehensive word arrangement D. metacognitive word arrangement

40. A student is recording whether drinking Gatorade helps him jump rope more effectively than when he does not drink Gatorade. In this experiment, what is the independent variable? A. the Gatorade B. the jump rope C. the student D. the number of jumps

40. A teacher is evaluating essays based on grammar and mechanics. What type of analysis is this? A. syntactic B. semantic C. phonemic D. phonological

40. Which one of the following settles disputes between the federal government and the states? A. Supreme Court B. State Courts C. Appellate Courts D. District Courts

41. A student has just learned how to use letters correctly to write his name. What stage of writing is the student in? A. emergent B. fluent C. pre-alphabetic D. automatic

41. A teacher wants to help students understand the structure of sentences. The most effective strategy to use in this situation would be to have students: A. diagram sentences. B. write sentences over and over again. C. increase at-home writing practice. D. engage in buddy writing.

43. A student's standardized test scores indicate he is a level 3 reader with a stanine score of 7. What approach should the teacher use for this student? A. Keep him on grade level while also challenging him. B. Advance the student to the next grade. C. Hold the student back for intensive instruction. D. Have the student help other students who are struggling.

43. A teacher walks around the room as students engage in a cooperative learning activity. As she observes her students, she writes down anecdotal notes about each student's progress. She later uses the notes to make decisions about her upcoming lessons. What type of assessment did the teacher use? A. formative B. summative C. criterion-reference D. norm-reference

43. The levels of organization, from smallest to largest, within an organism are: A. cell, tissues, organ, organ systems, organism. B. tissues, organ, organ systems, organism, cells. C. organ, tissues, cells, organ systems, organisms. D. organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells.

43. Understanding that the Earth revolves around the sun is the ___________________ theory. A. heliocentric B. geocentric C. cryocentric D. biocentric

43. Which is NOT an appropriate strategy to use when looking for reader response to literature? A. choral reading B. literature circles C. think-pair-share D. journals

44. The end of course (EOC) exam given to every student in the state to determine proficiency is considered a: A. criterion-referenced assessment. B. norm-reference assessment. C. formative assessment. D. informal assessment.

44. This article of the Constitution established the Legislative Branch. A. Article I B. Article II C. Article III D. Article IV

45. What processes causes water droplets to form on the outside of a cold glass of water? A. condensation B. conduction C. convection D. evaporation

45. Which of the following presidents constructed the New Deal and brought America out of the Great Depression? A. FDR B. Eisenhower C. Kennedy D. Reagan

46. What would be the best way for a teacher to ensure her monolingual students, who are learning English, understand the complex lesson she will teach on cell division? A. Provide monolingual students materials in their native language along with text in English. B. Provide monolingual students materials only in English. They need to learn English eventually anyway. C. Provide monolingual students pictures to go along with the complex English text. D. Pair monolingual students with advanced English speaking students for paired reading.

46. _____________________ is when warm air becomes less dense and rises, cools, becomes denser and sinks. A. Convection B. Conduction C. Radiation D. Solar

47. On a field trip, a student holds a frog and reports that it has slippery skin. This is an example of : A. an observation B. a prediction C. an experiment D. an explanation

48. A teacher is working with students to help them maximize sentence variety in their writing. What would be most effective in achieving this goal? A. individual conferences with specific and meaningful feedback B. detailed feedback on the back of student writing samples C. parent/teacher conferences D. extra homework in the area of writing

48. Students are recognizing spelling and pronunciation rules for the suffix -tion. What are students engaging in? A. phonics B. phonemic awareness C. phonological awareness D. semantic analysis

48. When the full moon starts to appear smaller as each night goes on, the moon is: A. waning. B. waxing. C. new. D. old.

48. Which would be the best way to activate students' curiosity of the world around them? A. Have students go outside and identify as many living and nonliving things as they can. B. Have students draw as many living and nonliving things as they can. C. Have students compete to see how many living and nonliving things they can identify. D. Have students research on the computer living and nonliving things.

48. Who designed and carried out the Boston Tea Party? A. Samuel Adams B. Paul Revere C. George Washington D. Patrick Henry

49. If a social studies teacher wants to assign an essay for students to write during class, what assessment tool should the teacher use? A. A rubric with English conventions and social studies content expectations outlined B. A multiple choice bubble sheet C. A rubric with only English convention expectations outlined D. A rubric focusing solely on social studies content

49. When students are asked to use facts and data in their essays in order to inform the reader, they are engaging in ___________ writing. A. explanatory/expository B. persuasive/opinion C. descriptive D. narrative

5. In relation to Earth, Jupiter: A. is less dense than Earth. B. has a shorter year than Earth. C. has shorter seasons than Earth. D. is closer to the sun than Earth.

50. A teacher shows a video of hurricanes before students begin to free-write on the topic of hurricanes. What stage of writing are the students in? A. prewriting B. drafting C. editing D. revising

50. What would be the best way for a teacher to assess how students apply the scientific method? A. Formatively assess students by walking around the lab and watch how students apply the scientific method. B. Use a teacher-made multiple choice assessment with scientific method questions. C. Administer a state-mandated assessment that assesses the standards for scientific method. D. Survey students to identify their understanding of the scientific method.

50. Which of the following is the best strategy for helping students relate the text to their lives? A. reading response journals B. multiple choice test C. formative assessment D. cooperative learning

52. In a lunar eclipse, what is the order of the Earth, sun, and moon? A. sun, Earth, moon B. Earth, moon, sun C. moon, Earth, sun D. Earth, sun, moon

52. Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Students are taking an exam that will measure their performance against other students in the nation. This is used to make decisions about education programs. This type of assessment is: A. norm-referenced. B. criterion-referenced. C. summative. D. formative.

54. The STAR Early Literacy Assessment given at the beginning of second grade is an example of: A. a diagnostic assessment. B. a criterion-referenced assessment. C. a formative assessment. D. a summative assessment.

55. During reading comprehension____________________ happens during and after reading and can be conducted orally or written. A. summarizing B. decoding C. cooperative learning D. predicting

6. An absolute location is defined as: A. the location of a place based on a fixed point on Earth. B. the location of a place based on its proximity to another landmark. C. the location of a place based on political boundaries. D. the location of a place based on population density

6. Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Mr. Skinner's students are breaking down word parts to better understand their meaning. Which instructional strategy is Mr. Skinner using? A. structural analysis B. phonemic analysis C. clapping syllables D. interactive writing

6. The main skills a student needs to engage in science activities are: A. curiosity and inquiry. B. algebra and geometry. C. reading and writing. D. speaking and listening.

6. The process through which photosynthesis occurs and becomes Earth's original source of food is a(n): A. chemical process. B. physical process. C. solar process. D. energy process

6. What skill would students need to understand how the word pizza is used in text? A. using context clues B. conducting a structural analysis C. using phonemic analysis D. having phonological awareness

60. When the goal is enhanced information and media literacy, which is NOT a consideration? A. Who is the main character? B. Who is the intended audience? C. Who is conveying the message? D. What media is used to deliver the message?

7. The ___________________ affects the ocean tides. A. moon B. sun C. stars D. solar system

7. ________________________ are appointed by the president. A. Supreme Court justices B. Members of Congress C. Senators D. Governors

8. The chemical manual for a science classroom be stored: A. where everyone can quickly access it. B. where only the teacher can access it. C. where only the principal can access it. D. where only the custodian can access it.

8. Which of the following is the legislative branch at the local level? A. city council B. governor C. mayor D. district court

Centralized Control

A feature of command economy is that a large part of the economic system is controlled by a centralized power, most often the federal goernment

Oligarchy/ Plutocracy (Pakistan)

A form of government that consists of rule by an elite group who rules in its own interests, especially when it comes to the economy and lifestyle

Theocracy (Iran)

A form of government where the rulers claim to be ruling based on religious beliefs and ideals. Leaders believe they are ruling by the word of God.

Electoral College

A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president - 538 electors. a candidate needs the vote of more than half to win the presidential election - each state's number of electors is equal to the number of its US Senators plus the number of US Representatives

What is a prime number

A prime number is only divisible by 1 and itself.

Which of the following is an example of prosody? A student reads with inflection using intonation, tone and rhythm. A student is decoding words she doesn't understand using phonics. A student is using a semantic map before reading for comprehension. A student is diagraming sentences using grammatical concepts.

A student reads with inflection using intonation, tone and rhythm.

transitivity

A>B, B>C, A>C

Investments

Action or process of investing money for profit or material result - higher returns come from higher percentages - quarterly returns yield more money than annual returns

Plymouth Colony

America's first permanent Puritan settlement, was established by English Separatist Puritans in December 1620. The Pilgrims left England to seek religious freedom

Susan B. Anthony

American social reformer and feminist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement, womans right to vote

Tara is an advanced student in your fifth grade classroom. She has scored well above the norm in the state reading test. You want to give her a challenge but are not sure exactly what level she is on. Which might be a good way to assess her reading level? A standardized test from the state An informal reading inventory Giving her a fluency test Measuring her speed, accuracy and emphasis

An informal reading inventory

Secondary sources

Analyzes and interprets primary sources, second-hand account of a historical event. Interprets creative words ex. biographies, histories, newspaper articles

Qualitative data

Anecdotal notes, surveys, Exit slips

What article of the Constitution creates Congress? Article One. Article Two. Article Three. Article Five.

Article One.

Federalist papers

Authors: Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay what it is: 85 essays outlining the case for the constitution Purpose: Made the case for checks and balances and separation of powers

Constitution

Authors: Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton "law of the Land"

1. The student uses the picture below to identify the first letter in the word sun. What is the next step in this partial-alphabetic phase? S A. Su B. Sn C. Sun D. Sune

11. As random genetic mutations occur within an organism's genetic code, the beneficial mutations are preserved because they aid survival. This is called: A. common ancestry. B. natural selection. C. dominant traits. D. recessive traits.

11. Which is NOT an appropriate written language skill for a student to master by the end of third grade? A. provide a concluding statement or section B. provide references for cited text C. provide reasons that support an opinion D. develop a topic with facts, definitions, and details

12. When a company has complete control over a particular good or service and there is an absence of competition, it is a(n): A. dictatorship. B. monopoly. C. oligarchy. D. democracy.

13. A teacher is showing students how to read from left to right by sweeping her hand across the text that is displayed on her white board. What is she focusing on? A. phonemic awareness B. directionality C. phonological awareness D. main idea

13. According to cell theory, cells come from: A. the mitochondria. B. other cells. C. the nucleus. D. the cytoplasm.

13. Metacognition is an important skill students need to comprehend text. What activity would be best to foster metacognition in students? A. round robin reading B. read aloud/think aloud C. silent sustained reading D. popcorn reading

14. A student is conducting an experiment to see which brand of fertilizer yields the most growth. All the pots have received the same amount of seeds, soil, water, and sunlight. The only difference is each pot receives one type of fertilizer. She observes the growth and records the data. To make this experiment stronger she could: A. add a hypothesis. B. add a control. C. add an independent variable. D. add a dependent variable.

14. During a modeled writing activity, the students areprimarily: A. copying the teacher's writing. B. listening and watching. C. engaging in internal dialogue. D. independently applying targeted skills.

14. Plymouth was colonized because colonists were seeking: A. political freedom. B. religious freedom. C. freedom from taxation. D. freedom from illegal search and seizure

15. According to the research, what would be the most effective way to increase students' proficiency in reading informational text? A. Have students read informational text with their parents for homework. B. Create opportunities for students to use informational text for authentic purposes. C. Listen to informational text through headphones and read along for better comprehension. D. Have students partner read as they engage in reading informational text.

15. Ms. Jackson has assigned an essay regarding The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank. Roberto is new to the country and cannot write the essay effectively yet. What is one way Ms. Jackson can evaluate Roberto's skills without the essay component? A. Allow Roberto to write the essay in his native language and have the ESOL teacher grade it. B. Allow Roberto to engage in an oral assessment of what he has learned about the book. C. Insist Alberto try to write the essay in English because that is the only way he is going to learn. D. Have Roberto do a presentation on the book.

16. All of the following are responsibilities of U.S. citizens EXCEPT: A. support and defend the Constitution. B. engage in public service. C. stay informed on issues affecting your community. D. respect the rights, beliefs and opinions of others.

16. Mr. Jackson takes his students outside to the sidewalk where a puddle of water has just evaporated. He asks a student to place her hand where the puddle was and the other hand where there was no puddle of water. The sidewalk will feel: A. the same temperature for both where the puddle was and where there was no puddle. B. cooler where the puddle was than where there was no puddle. C. cooler where there was no puddle than where the puddle was. D. The temperature cannot be determined through touch. He would need a thermometer

17. Which of the following rocks is made from liquid magma? A. slate B. granite C. limestone D. gemstone

18. Historical fiction is: A. a fictional story set in a fictional time period that loosely relates to history. B. a fictional story set in a historically accurate time period using historically accurate people and settings. C. a fictional story set in a historically accurate time period using fictional settings and time periods. D. a non-fiction story set in a historically accurate time period using historically accurate people and settings.

18. Tectonic plates slide against each other in opposite directions, causing a(n): A. canyon B. earthquake C. mountain D. volcano

18. The U.S. and China have a ________________ economy. A. capitalist B. mixed C. socialist D. democratic

18. The gravitational pull of two objects depends on: A. the gravity of the two objects. B. the mass of the two objects. C. the atomic make-up of the two objects. D. the electrons in the two objects' atoms.

19. Students are memorizing high frequency words like what, who, said, there, and should. Students are engaging in a ______________ activity. A. cloze B. sight word recognition C. reading comprehension D. phonemic awareness

2. This type of rock was originally liquid below the Earth's crust and is formed by lava and magma: A. sedimentary B. igneous C. metamorphic D. fossils

2. Why did Ponce de León come to the New World? A. spices B. gold C. slaves D. silk

20. While conducting a debate activity, the teacher notices two students not participating. When she asks them about it, they indicate they are overwhelmed by the debate process and would rather not participate. What is the most effective approach the teacher could take in this situation? A. Have students use a graphic organizer to organize their thoughts. B. Have students use a dialogue journal where they can express their views, in private, about a topic. C. Have students sit out and write a paper on the topic. D. Have students read silently and independently on the topic.

21. In their groups, students are reading and analyzing text. Each student in the group is accountable for a job. Two students are readers, another is a note taker, and another is the administrator. What type of cooperative learning structure are the students engaging in? A. think-pair-share B. literature circles C. read aloud/think aloud D. guided reading

21. What do plant cells have that animal cells do not? A. cell wall and plasma membrane B. cell wall and chloroplasts C. nucleus and plasma membrane D. nucleus and DNA

21. Which of the following U.S. documents states that the purposes of government include establishing justice and securing the blessings of liberty? A. Articles of Confederation B. Constitution of the United States C. Declaration of Independence D. Bill of Rights

22. In the U.S. legal system, the person who represents the state government in the prosecution of criminal offenses is the: A. public defender. B. district attorney. C. Supreme Court. D. criminal defense.

22. Over the course of U.S. history, six constitutional amendments have expanded voting rights to more citizens to include African American people, women, and young citizens. Which amendment specifically gave women the right to vote? A. 15th amendment B. 19th amendment C. 24th amendment D. 26th amendment

22. Which of the following are essential skills in reading comprehension? A. decoding, spelling, word knowledge B. decoding, word recognition, fluency C. spelling, fluency, understanding the text D. decoding, monitoring, speed

22. __________________ are atoms that have lost or gained one or more ___________________. A. compounds, electrons B. ions, elections C. compounds, protons D. ions, protons

23. Which of the following do states have the authority to do? A. nominate Supreme Court judges B. regulate trade C. veto federal law D. impeach the president

24. An organism that consumes food from its environment is a(n): A. heterogeneous. B. heterotroph. C. autotroph. D. parasite.

24. Bringing slaves from Africa to the Caribbean resulted in: A. cultural innovation. B. cultural diffusion. C. increased trade between Africa and America. D. decreased trade between Africa and America.

24. Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. To measure her students' mastery of grade-level presentation skills, which project would be the most appropriate for Mrs. Jones to choose for her third grade students? A. a poster with explanations B. an oral report with visuals C. a travel brochure with visuals D. a typed report with citations

24. Which article of the Constitution established the executive branch of the U.S. Government? A. Article I B. Article II C. Article III D. Article IV

25. A student is decoding words as he reads the text. What type of reader is this student? A. fluent B. emergent C. automatic D. struggling

25. After analyzing assessment data, the teacher realizes Roberto is having trouble comprehending text, specifically main idea. What are some strategies the teacher can employ to help him increase main idea comprehension? A. running record with miscue analysis B. read aloud/think aloud with summarization C. think-pair-share with prediction D. structural analysis with semantic analysis

25. _____________________ are made up of metals and rocky material, while __________________are made up of ice, dust and rocky material. A. comets, asteroids B. asteroids, comets C. meteors, comets D. asteroids, meteors

26. All living things contain: A. helium. B. carbon. C. copper. D. water.

26. What is the most appropriate use of a diagnostic assessment? A. to determine student grades B. to determine areas of strength and weakness C. to determine what to reteach D. to determine mastery of a skill

28. A student is reading through the text. He is stopping at periods, pausing at commas, and reading with inflection. The student is using ______________ as he reads. A. decoding strategies B. prosody C. phonemic awareness D. phonics

28. A(n) __________________ has lost or gained an electron. A. isotope B. ion C. atom D. neutron

28. The Founding Fathers created three branches of government to: A. make the United States more like the English government. B. make sure that governing powers are limited. C. make sure one branch would always be more important. D. create more jobs for the people in government.

28. What are the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World? A. Great Pyramid at Giza, Egypt; Hanging Gardens of Babylon; Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Greece; Temple of Artemis at Ephesus; Mausoleum at Halicarnassus; Colossus of Rhodes; Eiffel Tower B. Great Pyramid at Giza, Egypt; Hanging Gardens of Babylon; Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Greece; Temple of Artemis at Ephesus; Mausoleum at Halicarnassus; Colossus of Rhodes; Lighthouse at Alexandria, Egypt C. Grand Canyon; Hanging Gardens of Babylon; Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Greece; Temple of Artemis at Ephesus; Mausoleum at Halicarnassus; Colossus of Rhodes; Lighthouse at Alexandria, Egypt D. Great Pyramid at Giza, Egypt; Niagara Falls; Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Greece; Temple of Artemis at Ephesus; Mausoleum at Halicarnassus; Colossus of Rhodes; Lighthouse at Alexandria, Egypt

29. During the Italian Renaissance, Lorenzo Il Magnifico ruled the Italian city of Florence as a: A. patron of saints. B. patron of arts. C. patron of commerce. D. patron of justice.

29. Which is most responsible in forming the Grand Canyon? A. wind B. water C. earthquakes D. eruptions

3. When air rises, it becomes: A. warmer and denser. B. cooler and denser. C. warmer and thinner. D. cooler and thinner.

3. Which type of formative assessment is NOT utilized in the scenario below? Ms. Lopez administers an oral reading fluency assessment to Marisa. While Marisa reads, Ms. Lopez marks errors on her copy of the text and also notes the words Marisa says in place of the correct word(s). After the assessment, Ms. Lopez examines her records to identify the type(s) of errors Marisa made in order to determine the next step in reading instruction. A. running records B. silent reading comprehension C. miscue analysis D. oral fluency check

30. Susan bought a baseball card of a rookie player when the player was not very famous. She only paid $2. Since then, the rookie has become a very famous baseball player with lots of wins. Now, her friend Joey wants to buy the card from her because he can't find it anywhere else. Susan sells it to Joey for $20. What is the most likely reason the card now sells for $20? A. checks and balances B. supply and demand C. cost reduction D. inflation

31. A business owner is thinking about expanding her business. If she goes through with it, she will have to shut down operations for three months while she restructures and moves to a bigger facility. Her opportunity cost is: A. the interest she has to pay on the loan. B. the business she will lose during the three months her business is shut down. C. the employees who will have to quit or be laid off. D. the rent on the bigger facility.

31. What can a teacher do to ensure her students are using the correct mode of writing? A. Understand how to use imagery in writing. B. Evaluate what type of audience students are writing to. C. Identify language patterns in writing. D. Use a dictionary to select appropriate words.

31. When salt is dissolved in water, it disappears. However, you can still taste the salt. This is called: A. compound. B. solution. C. colloid. D. suspension.

32. Juliet is the sun is an example of which figurative language device? A. simile B. metaphor C. personification D. analogy

32. Mr. Jasper wants to show students when oil and water are shaken, no matter how hard, the oil can still be seen as little oil bubbles throughout the mixture. Mr. Jasper is showing the class a: A. homogeneous mixture. B. heterogeneous mixture. C. solution. D. colloid.

32. The Cold War was a state of political and military tension between: A. U.S. and Germany. B. U.S. and the Soviet Union. C. U.S. and Iraq. D. U.S. and Afghanistan.

32. What stage of writing are students in when they are thinking about topics and deciding what to write about? A. summarizing B. brainstorming C. editing D. revising

33. An example of the executive branch at the state level is A. state legislature B. governor C. city council D. appellate court

34. Students are growing plants in a closed plastic container. They are observing the process of photosynthesis. What gas is forming in the container? A. carbon dioxide B. oxygen C. helium D. nitrogen

34. The _______________ were a group of people who settled in Plymouth to escape religious persecution. A. Colonists B. Puritans C. Native Americans D. Abolitionists

34. Which article of the Constitution includes the Electoral College? A. Article I B. Article II C. Article III D. Article IV

35. Which is true of phonetic spelling? A. Beginning sounds are used first, middle sounds are used second, followed by ending sounds and vowel sounds. B. Beginning sounds are used first, ending sounds are used second, followed by middle sounds and vowel sounds. C. Middle sounds are used first, vowel sounds are used second, followed by beginning sounds and ending sounds. D. Vowel sounds are used first, followed by beginning sounds, middle sounds, and ending sounds.

35. Which of the following best explains how plant stems transport water to other areas of the plan? A. by using photosynthesis B. through a series of tubes C. by making carbon dioxide D. through the evaporation of water

36. Which of the following situations is a violation of the 4 th Amendment in the U.S. Constitution? A. police searching a student's locker on school grounds without a warrant B. police searching a private citizen's hotel room without a warrant C. police searching bags at an airport without a warrant D. police searching the center console of a private citizen's vehicle without a warrant

37. A teacher is helping students understand the writing process and the organization of ideas within an essay. What should be her instructional focus? A. grammar B. revision C. brainstorming D. peer review

37. Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Trina is a first grade student who can read words by remembering visual or contextual cues. She recognizes and read signs and labels in her school and home environments but cannot read these words when they are shown in isolation. She also lacks the ability to match letters to sounds. What phase of word recognition is Trina demonstrating? A. full-alphabetic B. pre-alphabetic C. partial-alphabetic D. consolidated-alphabetic

37. What do water, aluminum, cypress trees, and oxygen all have in common? A. They are all made of carbon. B. They are all made of atoms. C. They are all made of cells. D. They are all nonliving things.

38. Ms. Rodriguez wants to introduce her students to cell theory. What would be the most appropriate tool to use to enhance student learning reading cell theory? A. an online virtual tour of a cell B. microscopes so students can observe cells in onion skin C. the science textbook D. a guest speaker on the uniqueness of cells

38. Which of the following resources or strategies would be the best way to introduce a variety of genres (fiction, non-fiction, biography, etc.) to a class in order to compare and contrast information across different types of text? A. cooperative learning B. book clubs C. read alouds D. text sets

39. A ___________________ is when the ruling parties are part of the elite class. A. democracy B. oligarchy C. republic D. theocracy

39. What is it called when a teacher is modeling reading, stopping to talk out the process in her brain, and showing students how she works through difficult aspects of the text? A. round robin reading B. read aloud/think aloud C. vocab in context D. paired reading

39. Which is NOT a characteristic of a reading response journal? A. requires students to use background knowledge to construct personal meaning B. increases reading level by encouraging students to read complex text C. increases comprehension as students integrate new experiences with past ones D. increases ability to communicate and refine ideas

4. A river flows through a canyon and picks up silt. That sediment and silt runs downstream and deposits where the river ends. When that material gets to the beach, it sits there. Over millions of years, _________________________ form. A. fossils B. sedimentary rocks C. igneous rocks D. metamorphic rocks

4. This moment in history ignited opposition and resentment among American colonists and was the catalyst for the Boston Tea Party: A. Revolutionary War B. Tea Act C. Civil Rights Act D. Civil War

4. Which of the following activities would be considered passive listening? A. children working in groups to discuss a book B. students using headphones in centers for a read-along C. shared reading to identify difficult words D. listening to other students debate and strategize a counter argument

40. The ____________________ is a line that runs between Russia and Alaska and goes around political boundaries in the Pacific Ocean. A. Prime Meridian B. International Date Line C. Equator D. latitude and longitude

41. Punnet squares were first introduced by ________________ to determine _____________________. A. Newton, inheritance B. Punnet, genotype C. Newton, genotype D. Mendel, inheritance

41. Which is NOT a characteristic of a fable? A. anthropomorphized inanimate objects B. mythical creatures C. exaggerated version of historical events D. contains a moral message

42. A student is learning how to spell words correctly based on the basic rules of the English language. What is the student working on? A. phonemic awareness B. phonics C. vocabulary D. fluency

42. If a teacher wants to have an open conversation with a student who has trouble communicating with the teacher, the teacher might try: A. a double entry journal. B. a dialogue journal. C. a letter home to the student's parents. D. sending the student to the guidance counselor.

42. Which does NOT contribute to legible handwriting? A. spacing B. block letters C. letter formation D. letter alignment

42. Which of the following is the sphere where are all living things are contained? A. cryosphere B. biosphere C. lithosphere D. hydrosphere

42. Which of the following was a common problem for slave owners in the Caribbean slave trade? A. disease B. slave rebellions C. cultural diffusion D. colonialism

43. Which of these describes water in gas state? A. ice cubes in a glass B. steam coming off boiling water C. hail during a storm D. rain falling from the clouds

43. World War II ended in August in 1945. However, The Soviet Union and the United States became enemies. They stayed enemies for several decades without engaging in combat. What was this called? A. Marshall Plan B. Cold War C. NATO D. NAFTA

44. By using data folders and student conferences, the teacher and students are: A. cooperative learning. B. progress monitoring. C. grade-level monitoring. D. differentiating instruction.

44. Eukaryotic organisms are _________________, and prokaryotic organisms are ___________________. A. single cellular, multicellular B. multicellular, single cellular C. multicellular, multicellular D. single cellular, single cellular

44. Sally scored in the 85th percentile on a national test. What type of assessment did she take? A. criterion-referenced B. norm-referenced C. formative D. summative

45. Which of the following do state governments have the authority to do? A. regulate foreign commerce B. regulate trade C. oversee national defense D. establish a postal service

46. A kindergarten student is scribbling from left to right, imitating real writing. This student is using: A. mock letters. B. mock handwriting. C. conventional scribbling. D. conventional spelling.

46. A student is using fix-up strategies while he reads complex text. What stage of reading is the student in? A. fluent B. emergent C. pre-alphabetic D. partial-alphabetic

46. A student tosses a ball into the air. What process causes the ball to fall back to Earth? A. magnetism B. gravity C. friction D. convection

46. The states considered part of the Sun Belt are: A. Washington, Massachusetts, New York. B. Florida, Texas, California. C. Georgia, Louisiana, Alabama. D. North Dakota, South Dakota, Colorado.

46. Which is NOT a benefit of the workshop approach in the classroom? A. It allows adequate time for student practice. B. It requires students to learn skills independently. C. It allows the teacher to remediate with small groups. D. It provides differentiated learning opportunities.

47. In 1957, the Russians launched _________________, which sparked fear in Americans. A. Apollo B. Sputnik C. Kennedy D. Greta

47. In an experiment to see if fertilizer works on a cactus, students have two cacti. Both cacti receive the same water and sunlight. Both cacti are in the same place within the room, and the temperature is the same for both cacti. However, one cactus gets fertilizer and the other does not. Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable. A. The independent variable is the sunlight. The dependent variable is the fertilizer. B. The independent variable is the fertilizer. The dependent variable is the growth of the cacti in centimeters. C. The independent variable is the cactus that did not get fertilizer. The dependent variable is the sun. D. The independent variable is the fertilizer. The dependent variable is the sun.

47. Slaves were brought to the United States by Europeans to harvest: A. corn B. cotton C. sugar cane D. wheat

49. How should a student read another student's writing when conducting a peer review? A. read through the text, stopping to correct grammar as he or she reads B. read through the text in its entirety to understand structure and content C. read through the text entirely and then read it again to edit grammar issues D. read through half the text and determine if it is grammatically correct

49. Who wrote the Federalist Papers? A. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and Ben Franklin B. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay C. John Locke, James Madison, and John Jay D. Alexander Hamilton, Andrew Jackson, and Ben Franklin

5. Mr. Lopez is teaching a unit on seasons. He explains why summer days are longer and winter days are shorter. What should Mr. Lopez emphasize regarding the Earth when explaining this phenomenon? A. revolution around the sun B. tilt on its axis C. position in the solar system D. distance away from the sun

5. The document that outlines how American government should work is called the: A. Federalist Papers B. Constitution C. Bill of Rights D. Amendments

5. The energy stored in food is: A. thermal energy. B. chemical energy. C. electrical energy. D. solar energy.

5. Using longitudinal and latitudinal lines along with minutes and seconds will give you what type of location? A. relative B. absolute C. approximate D. exact

5. Which of the following helps students synthesize and evaluate informational text in social studies? A. multiple choice test B. graphic organizer C. silent sustained reading D. dialogue journal

50. Which of the following goes through complete metamorphosis? A. human B. frog C. grasshopper D. snake

50. __________________ make their own food. A. heterotrophs B. autotrophs C. invertebrates D. vertebrates

51. A primary telescope uses a _____________________ lens. A. refractive B. reflective C. opaque D. transitional

51. The ELA Florida Standards Assessments (FSA) is an example of a: A. diagnostic assessment. B. criterion-referenced assessment. C. norm-referenced assessment. D. formative assessment.

51. What would be the most appropriate way to teach students classification? A. Read about classification in the textbook. B. Have students categorize different flowers based on size and color. C. Have students research Linnaeus and write a report. D. Glue different types of seeds onto construction paper.

53. To help students engage with books and enjoy reading, a teacher should: A. have students read more at home. B. make text meaningful to students' lives. C. have students use journals when they read. D. allow students to read informational or narrative text.

54. What is text-to-text connection? A. A student relates the text to life experiences. B. A student relates text to another text he or she read before. C. A student connects one topic of a book to an interdisciplinary unit. D. A student connects one book to a story from his or her past.

57. When a teacher asks students to make predictions about a text, he or she is fostering the students': A. fluency. B. comprehension. C. prosody. D. automaticity.

58. Which of the following are the five stages of legibility? A. letter formation, letter spacing, letter alignment, block lettering, cursive B. letter formation, letter spacing, letter alignment, letter size, letter slant C. letter formation, letter spacing, letter alignment, letter size, cursive D. letter formation, letter spacing, penmanship, block letters, letter slant

6. The distance on the Earth's surface for each one degree of latitude or longitude is just over: A. 100 miles. B. 69 miles. C. 4 miles. D. 10 miles.

6. Which of the following tools is best used in classroom centers? A. manipulatives B. CD-ROM C. graphic organizers D. lined paper

7. All students are reading together in unison to help with fluency. What strategy is this? A. repeated reading B. choral reading C. popcorn reading D. round robin reading

7. How can a teacher determine if her classroom assessments are valid and reliable? A. Ask a peer teacher to review the classroom assessments. B. Conduct an item analysis on each assessment. C. Use a pre- and post-test to determine growth. D. Have students peer review the assessment.

7. What is the definition of a region? A. grouping cities from different corners of the U.S. based on population B. grouping states all located in the southwest part of the country based on location and climate C. grouping counties based on tax revenue and government D. grouping countries based on import and exports

7. Which is hottest? A. 100ºF B. 100ºC C. 100 K D. 50 K

8. What would be the best location for a kingdom in the Middle Ages? A. in a valley B. on a mountain C. on the coast D. in the plains

9. Which of the following animals goes through incomplete metamorphosis? A. frog B. grasshopper C. butterfly D. amoeba

9. Which of the following words is spelled incorrectly? A. sincerely B. seperate C. receive D. achieve

Which of the following is the correct order of mathematical thinking? A. reciter, producer, counter B. reciter, counter, producer C. representor, counter, producer D. counter representor, producer

B. reciter, counter, producer

Insulators

Bad for electricity -rubber, cloth, styrofoam

Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, and Greece all traded for lapis lazuli from which of the following regions? Rajasthan, India. Zavkhan, Mongolia. Badakshan, Afghanistan. Esfahan, Iran.

Badakshan, Afghanistan.

1990s

Berlin Wall comes down. Cold War ends. USSR becomes Russia again. Persian Gulf War. Operation Desert Storm

Singapore Math is a system of teaching math being used in Singapore, Asia and Europe. Recently, teachers are adopting it in the United States. The below is an example of a strategy used in Singapore math. What strategy is it? 48 - 16 = ? / \ / \ 40 8 10 6 (40-10) + (8-6) 30 + 2 = 32 48 - 16 = 32 Mental math Model drawing Expanded notation Branching

Branching

1. Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and Alabama linked together is an example of a: A. state. B. country. C. region. D. continent.

1. How do mosses reproduce? A. cones B. soil C. spores D. seeds

10. Small representations using shapes and pictures on a map is called a(n): A. guide B. symbol C. key D. grid

10. Something that stops the flow of electricity is called a: A. conductor. B. connector. C. insulator. D. incubator.

11. A class is growing bacteria in petri dishes. There are three groups of petri dishes with the same number of bacteria in each petri dish. The students collect data regarding how many spores they see at different temperatures. What is the independent variable in this scenario? A. the petri dishes B. the bacteria C. the temperature D. the growth

11. The most influential person in regard to the United States Constitution and life, liberty, and property is: A. John Hobbes. B. Andrew Jackson. C. John Locke. D. George Washington.

11. The three branches of the U.S. Government are for the purpose of: A. passing laws. B. drafting bills. C. checks and balances. D. politics and policy.

11. What causes the Earth's magnetism? A. the Earth's rotation around the moon B. the moon's rotation around the Earth C. the inner and outer core rotation D. rotation of the Earth around the sun

12. Ms. Johnson can tell her gifted student, Amanda, finishes her work early and is usually bored. What can Ms. Johnson do to ensure Amanda is receiving a challenging and fulfilling education? A. Provide her with more homework and rewards for completing it. B. Have Amanda help other students who need assistance. C. Conference with Amanda and map a plan together on how to increase rigor. D. Have Amanda complete her assignments and then read a book of her choice.

12. Which of the following countries is in the southwest hemisphere? A. United States B. China C. Brazil D. Russia

14. Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts are found in the: A. nucleus. B. ribosomes. C. leaves. D. stems.

14. Ms. Smith is teaching her students that cells divide to make other cells. Ms. Smith is teaching: A. evolution. B. natural selection. C. cell theory. D. classification.

15. Ms. Glass wants to conduct a performance-based assessment for the signing of the Declaration of Independence. She wants to see if students understand the main players and the action taken. What would be the best activity to use? A. debate B. presentation C. role-play D. portfolio

16. A teacher is working on engaging a student who is apprehensive to share her ideas. What tool can the teacher use to engage in a conversation with the student without making the student share aloud in class? A. reading response journal B. double entry journal C. dialogue journal D. read aloud think aloud

16. Which of the following is NOT a skill used in comprehension? A. predicting B. asking questions C. decoding D. summarizing

16. Which of the following is present in plant cells but not present in animal cells? A. nucleus B. mitochondria C. chloroplasts D. chromosomes

17. A second grade teacher is planning a lesson on the Constitution. Of the following, which would be the most appropriate primary source through which to present the lesson? A. Watch a video clip of the Emancipation Proclamation. B. Read a complex text about the Boston Tea Party. C. View a replica of the Constitution document. D. Sing a song about legal documents.

17. Which is the most appropriate use of anecdotal notes? A. as a list all of the behavioral issues a student exhibits while in the classroom B. as evidence during parent-teacher conference for discipline measures taken C. as an objective record of student behaviors and/or learning to guide classroom practices D. to provide an ongoing record for the student portfolio to help determine retention

17. Which sexually transmitted disease contains bacteria? A. herpes B. small pox C. gonorrhea D. cancer

18. The Sons of Liberty organized a demonstration primarily in response to: A. slavery. B. WWI. C. unreasonable taxation. D. unnecessary embargos.

19. If a teacher wants to increase a student's automaticity with a certain text, the teacher should: A. have the student read the text once and analyze miscues. B. have the student write the text down as he reads. C. have the student read and reread the text several times. D. have the student read more for homework.

2. A teacher is showing her students how to calculate density by using displacement. What is the most appropriate tool to use in this strategy? A. test tube B. beaker C. graduated cylinder D. scale

2. A teacher is walking around the room, reading from her book, and showing students her process for working through difficult words. The teacher is using a technique called: A. decoding. B. structural analysis. C. modeling. D. semantic mapping.

2. The first European country to come to the U.S. and colonize Florida was: A. France. B. Germany. C. Spain. D. England.

2. Which statement is NOT true about emergent readers? A. They hear individual sounds in words. B. They use illustrations to extract meaning. C. They read without pointing to individual words. D. They recognize letters in their own name.

20. If a teacher wanted to teach her class about the Civil Rights movement, which would be the best primary source to use? A. an interview where someone who marched on Washington recounts that day B. a textbook outlining the 1960s C. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s I Have a Dream Speech D. music from that time period outlining political protests

20. In a magnet, opposite sides ______________________ and same sides _______________________. A. attract, attract B. repel, attract C. attract, repel D. repel, repel

20. Phonemic awareness includes the abilityto: A. form compound words and combine word parts. B. spell accurately and decode unfamiliar words. C. pronounce individual sounds in words. D. differentiate between homonyms and spell accurately.

20. The formal name the United States of America denotes which type of region? A. language B. religious C. political D. climate

21. Which is NOT a best practice for vocabularyinstruction? A. model using context clues B. teaching prefixes, suffixes, and roots C. explicit instruction using a dictionary D. using word walls for target vocabulary

21. Which of the following digital tools would be beneficial to students if they are looking up research other scientists have done regarding a topic of interest? A. spreadsheet B. PowerPoint C. database D. grade book

22. A pendulum swings back and forth. When does the pendulum have its greatest potential energy? A. when the bob starts to move downward B. when the bob starts to move upward C. when the bob is at the top of the arc D. when the bob is at the bottom of the arc

22. Ms. Clark wants to ensure she is being culturally responsive in her classes. What should she do? A. Celebrate Black History Month in February. B. Provide Spanish-to-English dictionaries for her ELL students. C. Select books and curriculum that represent many cultures and traditions. D. Send home newsletters in multiple languages for all parents and students.

22. What can a teacher do to determine if a new reading program is working in her classroom? A. Attend professional development on the new reading program. B. Ask the principal to come in and assess the new reading program in action. C. Engage in action research by giving a pre-test and then a post-test to determine growth. D. Survey the students to see if they like the new reading program.

23. To develop phonics skills, students must have which of thefollowing? A. graphophonemic knowledge and sight word recognition B. decoding skills and reading fluency C. decoding skills and graphophonemic knowledge D. reading fluency and comprehension skills

24. The teacher has high-level students and low-level students in a class. What can the teacher do to ensure all her students are being challenged and supported in the classroom? A. Provide enrichment activities for the high-level students and extension activities for the low-level students. B. Provide enrichment activities for the high-level students and the low-level students. C. Provide enrichment activities for the low-level students and extension activities for the high-level students. D. Provide extension activities for the high-level students and the low-level students.

25. The continent that covers the South Pole is: A. Australia B. South America C. Antarctica D. Arctic Circle

25. The teacher is giving students a test at the end of a science unit. The grades from the test will be documented in the grade book and will impact students' overall grades. She is giving a ________________ assessment. A. formative B. normative C. summative D. authentic

25. Two organisms that are closely related have: A. similar habitats. B. different DNA sequences. C. common ancestry. D. same genes in common.

26. Knowledge of individual sounds in words, onset rhymes, spelling, and syllables is: A. phonics. B. graphophonics. C. phonological awareness. D. phonemic awareness.

27. Which of the following is NOT part of the scientific method? A. observe B. question C. skim D. hypothesize

28. What kind of question would a teacher ask a student if the teacher and student were using the semantic cueing system? A. Does that sound right? B. Does that look correct? C. Does that make sense? D. Is that spelled right?

29. Students are looking at the list of words below. What would be the best strategy to use with these words? incredible, credibility, and credit A. phonics B. phonemic awareness C. etymology D. sight word analysis

29. Which is NOT a convention of epic poetry? A. It is a lengthy narrative about a serious or worthy traditional subject. B. The diction is formal and dignified and maintains an objective tone. C. It takes place in a confined geographical area sometime in the remote past. D. The action contains supernatural feats of strength or military prowess.

29. Which of the following is NOT an example of international trade? A. United States buying olives from Greece B. United States buying bananas from Honduras C. United States buying pineapples from Hawaii D. United States buying kiwis from Australia

3. The United States and China have a: A. traditional economy. B. command economy. C. mixed economy. D. market economy.

3. To help students increase proficiency in oral skills, a teacher should use: A. round robin reading. B. silent sustained reading. C. choral reading. D. reading response.

3. Which branch of government decides whether a law is or is not constitutional? A. executive B. legislative C. judicial D. federalist

30. In storybooks, actions will sometimes be enhanced by words like pow, kurplunk, sizzle, and bam. These literary devices are called: A. similes. B. metaphors. C. onomatopoeias. D. hyperboles.

30. What river did De Soto discover while exploring the American Southwest? A. Potomac River B. Hudson River C. Mississippi River D. Missouri River

30. Why were Europeans able to conquer so many Native Americans? A. Europeans had more people with them than the Native Americans did. B. The Native Americans did not know who to fight in a sophisticated war. C. Europeans brought diseases with them to the U.S., which weakened the Native Americans. D. Europeans had weapons, and the Native Americans did not.

31. Read the poem below and answer the question that follows. The blue ocean gleams. Shimmering like precious gems. An endless treasure. This is an example of: A. limerick. B. sonnet. C. haiku. D. free verse.

31. Select the correct order of the organization of living things: A. cells — tissues — organs systems — organs — organisms B. cells — tissues — organisms — organ systems — organs C. cells — tissues — organs — organ systems — organisms D. cells — organs — tissues — organs systems — organisms

31. The best way to teach students the United States time zones is by using: A. a flat map with the lines of the time zones clearly identified. B. a TV broadcast from another time zone. C. a globe with a fixed light source shining on it. D. a flat world map with visible longitude and latitude lines

31. Which term is used to define goods brought into the United States from another country? A. immigrants B. exports C. imports D. resources

32. A kindergarten teacher prefaces reading to the class by pointing out the title, author, illustrator, and title page. Which skill is this teacher most likely developing with his students? A. generating questions B. expanding vocabulary C. understanding concepts of books D. comprehending text

32. Which of the following is not a requirement to be a U.S. president? A. be a natural-born U.S. citizen B. be at least 35 years old C. be a dual citizen D. be a resident in the U.S. for at least 14 years

33. Gravity is responsible for: A. rotation of the Earth on its access. B. phases of the moon. C. Earth's orbit. D. Earth's seasons.

33. Ms. Francis wants to conduct a lab with her students. What is the best way to ensure safety, efficiency, and student learning? A. Get students into groups to learn on their own. B. Predetermine groups, conduct the lab, and debrief. C. Predetermine groups, assign specific roles for each student, and require a lab journal write-up. D. Go over the scientific method to ensure students understand the process of the lab.

33. Which of the following is NOT a comprehension skill? A. main idea B. author's purpose C. phonemic awareness D. summarization

34. The teacher is showing students how to read from left to right. She is focusing on: A. phonemic awareness. B. phonics. C. directionality. D. semantic analysis.

34. Which literary device is a teacher using when he has students give animals or inanimate objects human characteristics? A. simile B. metaphor C. personification D. imagery

35. These are positively charged particles located in the nucleus of the atom: A. electrons B. ions C. protons D. neutrons

35. What was an executive order given by Abraham Lincoln abolishing slavery in the United States? A. Bill of Rights B. Federalist Papers C. Emancipation Proclamation D. Louisiana Purchase

36. Students are gathering materials to build an electrical circuit using a battery and a light bulb. Which material will allow electricity to flow between the battery and the light bulb? A. wooden rod B. Styrofoam C. copper wire D. electrical tape

36. When you push a box through the doorway, you are using: A. chemical energy. B. kinetic energy. C. mechanical energy. D. potential energy.

37. Mr. Lopez wants to conduct a DNA extraction lab but does not have the expensive materials necessary to complete the process. What can Mr. Lopez do to maximize the students' learning even though they cannot physically do the lab? A. Go through a lab simulation with similar items used in a DNA extraction lab. B. Have students draw the process on a big sheet of poster paper. C. Utilize a web-based virtual lab that can be projected on a screen or SmartBoard in the front of the class. D. Have students role-play the lab.

37. The most effective way to develop students' reading fluency is through: A. choral reading. B. round robin reading. C. repeated reading. D. readers theatre.

37. When state leaders cannot agree on a policy for their state, they can put the proposal on the voting ballot, allowing citizens to decide on it. This is called a: A. veto B. ratification C. referendum D. ballot review

37. Which of the following is the correct representation of push/pull factors? A. push - better healthcare; pull - better schools B. push - tyrannical government; pull - famine C. push - famine; pull - economic security D. push - famine; pull - tyrannical government

38. A kindergarten student is ripping the paper as she writes. The teacher should suggest the student: A. focus on structure. B. practice writing at home. C. change the grip on the pencil. D. work with a tutor.

38. Which of the following represents a chemical process? A. salt dissolving in water B. ice forming in the freezer C. cake baking in the oven D. ice cream melting in a bowl

38. Who conducts impeachment trials in the U.S.? A. Supreme Court B. House of Representatives C. Senate D. President

39. A fourth grade teacher anticipates controversy as she begins planning for a lesson on evolution. What should she do? A. Allow any students who feel offended to opt out of the lesson. B. Send an email home warning parents that evolution will be covered in class. C. Notify the principal of her concerns and ask for guidance. D. Send permission slips home with students.

39. Which of the following is an example of the responsibility of citizens of the United States? A. engaging in public service B. running for public office C. staying informed with issues D. endorsing candidates for mayor

4. An unmanned robotic spacecraft that takes photos of other planets and their moons while also studying the soil of other planets is called a(n): A. International Space Center. B. space shuttle. C. space probe. D. shuttle booster.

4. The U.S. Capitol is located about 23 miles north of Alexandria, Virginia. This is an example of what type of location? A. approximate B. absolute C. relative D. exact

42. This animal has an open circulatory system: A. cow B. fish C. grasshopper D. snake

43. Which of the following assessments is a teacher using when he walks around the room and observes students in their cooperative learning groups and then modifies his instruction based on what he observes. A. summative B. criterion C. formative D. norm-referenced

44. What is the most effective strategy for a teacher to use to help her students become more proficient at writing complex sentences? A. Copy complex sentences from the book. B. Read about commas and how to use them correctly. C. Diagram complex sentences to understand structure. D. Peer review each sentence.

45. Mr. Parker is teaching students that cells divide to make more cells. What topic is Mr. Parker covering? A. photosynthesis B. cellular respiration C. cell theory D. organization

45. Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Most of Ms. Adams' kindergarten students can label pictures in their daily journals with strings of random letters. What should Ms. Adams' next step be to develop writing skills in those students? A. Have the students write short paragraphs about what they have drawn. B. Ask the students to engage in peer discussions about their writing. C. Ask the students to label their drawings with appropriate initial letters. D. Have the students look up the words that match their drawings in a dictionary

45. This is a series of workers and machines in a factory by which a number of identical items can be produced quickly: A. monopoly B. industry C. assembly line D. referendum

46. Puritans escaped _______________ persecution and settled in Plymouth. A. financial B. governmental C. religious D. nationalist

47. What type of graph would be most appropriate to use when demonstrating growth over time? A. bar graph B. pie graph C. line graph D. scatter plot

48. The Indians are the indigenous group who first settled Florida. A. Sioux B. Mohawk C. Seminole D. Cherokee

48. Which is NOT an important consideration when setting up the classroom? A. the number of students in the class B. spacing of the work centers C. electrical outlets D. a quiet space for independent work

49. A student riding a bicycle observes that it moves faster on a smooth road than on a rough road. This happens because the smooth road has: A. less gravity B. more gravity C. less friction D. more friction

49. What would be the best way to demonstrate the difference in growth of the two cacti? A. line graph B. pie graph C. bar graph D. splatter plot

49. ________________ is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises while the purchasing power of currency is falls. A. recession B. depression C. inflation D. deflation

5. During a class debate, the teacher realizes her students are talking over each other and not listening to each other before presenting their counter arguments. What can she do to improve the situation? A. Write students up for interrupting during the classroom debate. B. Have students research the history of debates in the U.S. C. As a class, learn and develop rules for a classroom debate. D. Cancel the debate until students can correctly engage.

5. Student scores on state tests and student scores on classroom assessments vary by -0.66. What is the likely cause of this discrepancy? A. The student did not study properly. B. The parents were not involved enough. C. The teacher's assessments were not aligned to state assessments. D. The school did not provide the student with enough reading instruction.

5. Which is the best instructional strategy for developing concepts of print? A. readers theatre B. silent sustained reading C. shared reading D. oral reading fluency

50. Ms. Jones wants to increase critical thinking skills in her class. She and her students are studying economics. What activity would best cultivate critical thinking skills? A. While in literature circles, students are identifying common economic terms in the text before they read. B. Individually, students categorize attributes of macroeconomics and microeconomics using a graphic organizer. C. In pairs, student look at different economic systems and then evaluate how the culture of the region may or may not influence the economy. D. In groups, work on a poster that outlines all the different parts of a market economy.

50. Which cooperative grouping strategy requires a student to become an expert on a topic and then share the information with peers? A. think-pair-share B. numbered heads together C. jigsaw D. rally robin

50. Which country was NOT part of the Axis Powers during WWII? A. Germany B. Japan C. France D. Italy

52. Which of the following is NOT a comprehension strategy? A. predicting B. summarizing C. running record D. read aloud/think aloud

53. What is the main purpose of formative assessments? A. to be used as grades B. to diagnose learning issues C. to drive instruction D. to used in professional learning communities (PLCs)

56. In a ___________________ activity, words or letters are omitted from text in ways that require the readers to use specific reading strategies or to focus upon specific cues in the text. A. comprehension B. fluency C. cloze D. phonics

56. Which of the following is an example of an onset-rime segmentation? A. class-room B. walk-ed C. d-og D. re-wind

6. People who live far from the Equator tend to do what compared to those who live close to the Equator? A. farm more B. travel further for food C. wear heavier clothes D. raise livestock

6. The sun appears bigger than other stars because of: A. the size of the sun. B. the size of the solar system. C. the distance Earth is from the sun. D. the distance the sun is from Mars.

7. Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Mrs. Diaz implements readers theatre into her third grade class. This activity involves reading parts from a text. What does this strategy help to build? A. vocabulary B. comprehension C. fluency D. phonological awareness

7. What was the period of time when manual labor was replaced with assembly lines in big factories? A. British Revolution B. French revolution C. Industrial Revolution D. Wayward Expansion

8. What would be an appropriate activity to do when using a thematic lesson incorporating both math and science? A. Count how many jellybeans are in a jar. B. Conduct an experiment using a Bunsen burner. C. Categorize different seeds based on shape and color. D. Calculate the mass of a rock.

9. If a student is reading with automaticity, the student is: A. Reading effortlessly through the text, only stopping at words he or she needs to decode. B. Reading with inflection and expression. C. Reading effortlessly through the text at >95% accuracy. D. Reading very quickly through the text.

9. Students are studying genetics using Punnet squares. They learn that in order for an offspring to display recessive traits, the offspring must inherit: A. recessive and dominant alleles. B. only dominant alleles. C. only recessive alleles. D. mainly recessive with some dominant alleles

9. The best way for a student to understand the reproductive organs of a flower is to: A. read about it in the textbook. B. look at a diagram of a flower. C. dissect a flower and examine its reproductive organs. D. draw a flower and label its reproductive organs.

9. This person wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin: A. Betsy Ross B. Harriet Tubman C. Harriet Beecher Stowe D. Susan B. Anthony

9. Which is NOT an example of figurative language? A. simile B. idiom C. anecdote D. onomatopoeia

9. Which of the following was a landmark case outlawing discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin and included voting rights? A. The Civil Rights Act of 1886 B. The Constitution C. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 D. The Declaration of Independence

Mathematical Thinking (Fluency)

CRA-> Concrete (tiling base ten blocks), Representation (pictures, graphics, charts), Abstract (2x5=10)

Classification of living things

Carl Linnaeus in Systema Naturae (1735)

What space shuttle blew up in 1986 killing all on board it? Discovery. Apollo. Challenger. Columbia.

Challenger.

2. The individualism and change stage:

Children behave because they may get a reward: Older primary

1. The obedience stage:

Children behave to avoid punishment. Preschool and kindergarten

4. Conscience stage:

Children recognize the need for social order: High school

3. Mutual interpersonal expectations and conformity stage:

Children want to please those they care about: Middle or junior high.

How we perceive a speaker is what type of language arts variable? Content Purpose Development Context

Context

4 stages of learning Stage 3:

Controlling the use of cognitive strategies,

Jigsaw

Cooperative Learning- students response to text: a each student becomes an expert on a small piece of information that is part of a much larger piece

1930s

Crash; no one has money. Great Depression

State Assessments,- FCAT, EOC, FSA What type of assessment?

Criterion- Referenced

10. At what percent accuracy is a student reading if the student is at the independent reading level? A. 80-85 B. 85-90 C. 90-95 D. 95-100

10. How should a peer review be conducted? A. The peer reviewer reads the essay and corrects grammar, only reading the essay once. B. The peer reviewer quickly skims the essay, checking for understanding and content. C. The peer reviewer line edits for grammar first and then rereads for content and understanding. D. The peer reviewer reads the essay all the way through first for content and understanding, and then rereads and checks grammar along the way.

10. Which of the following countries have mild winters and hot dry summers? A. Germany, Italy, Spain, B. England, Greece, Spain C. Italy, Austria, Greece D. Italy, Greece, Spain

11. Students divide their journal pages down the middle. On one side, they write questions. As they read, they answer the questions on the other side of the paper. What kind of journal is this? A. dialogue B. reading response C. personal D. double entry

12. A third grade teacher wants to evaluate student learning in photosynthesis. She is having students conduct a lab to show their mastery of concepts covered in the photosynthesis unit. What kind of assessment is the teacher using? A. formative B. summative C. criterion D. performance-based

12. Evolution occurs in: A. organisms. B. kingdoms. C. individuals. D. populations.

12. Which is NOT an important component of fluency? A. use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding B. read on-level text with purpose and understanding C. read on-level text orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression D. use morphology to read unfamiliar multisyllabic words in context

12. Which of the following is the correct? A. She said, "come over to my house after school." B. She said, "Come over to my house after school". C. she said, "come over to my house after school." D. She said, "Come over to my house after school."

13. Benjamin Franklin was all of these: A. legislator, postmaster, scientist, activist, and diplomat. B. senator, politician, postmaster, scientist, activist, and diplomat. C. president, postmaster, scientist, activist, and diplomat. D. inventor, surveyor, politician, postmaster, scientist, activist, and diplomat.

13. Trade between several ports in several countries (for example Britain, U.S., Africa) is called: A. triple trade. B. tricontinental trade. C. bicoastal trade. D. triangular trade.

14. Students are breaking down words using prefixes suffixes and roots. What activity are they engaging in? A. phonic analysis B. phonemic awareness C. brainstorming D. structural analysis

15. All of the following are rights of a U.S. citizen EXCEPT: A. right to vote in elections B. right to a speedy trial by jury C. right to run for elected office D. right to Social Security

15. Students are learning about reproduction in plants. What is the most appropriate topic for students to understand regarding reproduction in plants? A. generation B. photosynthesis C. cellular respiration D. pollination

15. Which governing body has the power to impeach the president? A. Supreme Court B. Executive Branch C. District Courts D. Legislative Branch

16. Repeated reading positively impacts which of the following readingskill? A. inference B. comprehension C. vocabulary D. fluency

16. To assess a student's ability to analyze the draining of the Everglades and the development of South Florida, it would be most effective to ask the student to: A. participate in a play about the state's agriculture. B. prepare a report on early exploration in the area. C. label a blank political map of the state. D. write a cause-and-effect essay about the region.

18. Amendment ___ addresses unlawful search and seizure. A. I B. II C. III D. IV

18. Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Mr. Adams' fourth grade class is engaging in narrative writing through a personal memory essay. One of the activities includes a peer review. During which part the of five-step writing process would this occur? A. after prewriting/before drafting B. after revision/before editing C. after editing/before publishing D. after drafting/before revision

18. Which of the following is outlined in Darwin's Theory of Evolution? A. reproduction B. classification C. genetics D. natural selection

19. Metals are good _____________________ in that electric current can flow freely down/through them. A. insulators B. components C. contractors D. conductors

19. The first 10 amendments to the Constitution are known as the , and were designed to protect people from the government. A. Federalist Papers B. Emancipation Proclamation C. Declaration of Independence D. Bill of Rights

19. What part of the cell controls the cell's activity? A. ribosome B. mitochondria C. cell membrane D. nucleus

2. If a teacher wants students to understand etymology, which group of words would be most appropriate to analyze? A. cat, bat, sat, trap B. uneven, unruly, undone C. station, transition, lamination D. prescription, transcript, manuscript

21. Which of the following is considered a primary source? A. biography B. newspaper article C. textbook D. autobiography

22. Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy? A. a rock at the top of a hill B. a pen lying on the ground C. a car stopped at a stop light D. a baseball flying through the air

23. When examining the color and clarity of 40 ml of a liquid, which of the following would be the most appropriate tool to use? A. beaker B. eyedropper C. drinking glass D. graduated cylinder

24. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 resulted in: A. the Constitution. B. the American Revolution. C. the Louisiana Purchase. D. the Trail of Tears.

26. A population density map is an example of a: A. political map. B. climate map. C. typographical map. D. special purpose map.

26. A student wants to invest her money. What would be the most beneficial interest plan for the student to yield the most money from her investment? A. 5% annually B. 5% quarterly C. 7% annually D. 7% quarterly

26. A student writes this on her paper: I wuz at the uther skool. What type of strategy is she using to write? A. mock letters B. fluent writing C. decoding writing D. invented spelling

26. The government's right to take private property for public good (i.e., building an interstate through a neighborhood, thereby taking private property in the process) is called: A. land acquisition. B. land accumulation. C. imminent domain. D. eminent domain.

26. This event in history was pivotal in that it galvanized the U.S. space program and started what is known as the Space Race: A. building of the Russian Space Station B. U.S. astronauts walking on the moon C. Challenger explosion D. launch of Russia's Sputnik

27. An official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country is called a(n): A. boycott. B. litigation. C. veto. D. embargo.

27. Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Mr. Williams creates six heterogeneous groups of four students who work together during a literacy unit to achieve shared learning goals and complete specific tasks and assignments. Each group is given explicit instructions, and each group member has a specific role to ensure that all students contribute. This is an example of: A. informal cooperative learning. B. shared learning. C. co-dependent learning. D. formal cooperative learning.

27. Which of the following is an example of prosody? A. reading text quickly and without errors B. decoding confusing words for meaning C. determining meaning in words by analyzing prefixes and suffixes D. reading text, pausing at commas, and using inflection for meaning

27. _________________ are appointed by the executive branch. A. Senators B. Legislators C. Governors D. Supreme Court Justices

28. The ____________________ is the executive branch in state government. A. state senate B. appellate court C. state legislature D. governor

28. What are the differences between fixed poetic form and free verse poetry? A. Fixed poetic form is written in metered verse while free verse poetry has no pre-established guidelines. B. Fixed poetic form is elevated in style while free verse poetry is informal and uses colloquial language. C. Fixed poetic form has strict guidelines for stanzas while free verse is devoid of stanzas. D. Fixed poetic form serves as a template for composing a poem while free verse poetry has no preestablished guidelines.

28. Which of the following questions is testable using the scientific method? A. Are dogs better than cats? B. Are cats angry when they get wet? C. Are dogs easier to take care of than cats? D. Are cats more active at night than during the day?

29. The Earth is getting hotter because: A. high levels of oxygen trap the sun's radiation in the atmosphere. B. high levels of sodium trap the sun's radiation in the atmosphere. C. high levels of carbon monoxide trap the sun's radiation in the atmosphere. D. high levels of carbon dioxide trap the sun's radiation in the atmosphere.

3. This type of rock is formed by heat and pressure: A. fossil B. sedimentary C. igneous D. metamorphic

3. You have a rock with a mass of 150 g. When you place the rock in a graduated cylinder with 50 ml of water, the water rises to 75 ml. What is the density of the rock? A. 25 ml B. 50 ml C. 2 g/ml D. 6 g/ml

30. ____________________ are formed when the Earth's plates pull apart. A. Convergent plate boundaries B. Subjective plate boundaries C. Volcanic plate boundaries D. Divergent plate boundaries

31. A teacher is walking around the classroom and writing down her observations about student behavior, engagement, and understanding. The teacher is using: A. exit slips. B. quantitative analysis. C. summative assessment. D. anecdotal notes.

32. A teacher explains to students that Florida hibiscus have colorful flowers and sweet nectar to attract bees. What science standard is she covering? A. earth/space science - seasons B. physical science - atoms C. chemistry - molecules D. life science - pollination

33. Scientists classify living things (plant, animal, fungi, protists, eubacteria, archaebacteria). What scientist is responsible for this classification system? A. Mendel B. Pavlov C. Darwin D. Linnaeus

33. Select the correct order of the first four stages of writing. A. wavy scribble, mock letters, scribbling, conventional letters B. mock letters, scribbling, wavy scribble, conventional letters C. scribbling, mock letters, wavy scribble, conventional letters D. scribbling, wavy scribble, mock letters, conventional letters

34. What would be the best way to demonstrate friction? A. Roll a skateboard down the sidewalk and then on the grass to show the difference in speed. B. Have students rub their hands together rapidly to observe the heat produced. C. Have students rub a balloon on their heads and watch their hair stand up. D. Both A and B

35. Which of the following describes what happens in the graphophonic component of writing? A. Students learn how to decode words effectively. B. Students learn how to organize ideas into various text structures. C. Students learn that words are made up of letters that represent objects and ideas. D. Students learn that one sound may be formed a number of different ways (for example, shun and tion)

35. Why was the Electoral College included in the U.S. Constitution? A. to equalize voting power in states that had smaller populations than other states B. to give the Electoral College ultimate power over the election process C. to help voters make informed decisions in electing the highest officials D. both A and C

36. Students should be given rubrics because: A. rubrics show comprehension. B. rubrics show miscues. C. rubrics convey standards and tested items. D. rubrics communicate expectations and guidelines.

36. What was a major effect of the opening of the Erie Canal? A. The population of New York City decreased. B. New York was able to trade with California. C. Wheat could no longer be shipped from the east coast to the west coast. D. Goods from the Great Lakes could be shipped to New York City more cheaply than before.

38. Which of the following would give Sam a better return on her investment of $100? A. bonds with a return of 5% annually B. bonds with a return of 5% quarterly C. CDs with a return of 7% annually D. CDs with a return of 7% quarterly

39. Which of the following is a genre where the main characters are animals conveying a moral to the story? A. epic B. limerick C. sonnet D. fable

4. Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. After a guided reading activity, Mr. Jackson asks his fourth grade students to divide any compound words found in the text. This student activity is an example of: A. phonic analysis. B. blending. C. rhyming. D. structural analysis.

4. What kind of lenses to microscopes use? A. refractive B. reactive C. opaque D. reflective

4. What was established during the Persian Gulf War? A. relying on one government to address worldwide problems B. trading only with countries who adhere to a set of global expectations C. trading with any country, regardless of global expectations D. global governance and new collective efforts to identify, understand, or address worldwide problems

40. A student wants to observe the xylem on a plant. What tool should she use? A. ruler B. stop watch C. balance D. microscope

40. One of the biggest differences in plant cells and animal cells is: A. animal cells have a cell wall, and plant cells have a cell membrane. B. plant cells have a cell wall, and animal cells have a cell membrane. C. animal cells have mitochondria, and plant cells have chloroplasts. D. B and C.

40. Students are working in collaborative structures to analyze text. Each student has a job where he or she is responsible for part of the collaborative process. All students are engaged and working together. What type of activity is this? A. paired reading B. think-pair-share C. partner reading D. literature circles

40. Which mode of writing tells a story using sequenced events and descriptive details? A. expository/explanatory B. persuasive C. opinion/argumentative D. narrative

41. The factors below present what type of economic system? Consumers determine what will be produced. Consumers determine how much will be produced. Consumers determine the price of products. A. Communism B. Socialism C. Marxism D. Free Market

41. What would be the best way to teach third grade students about the Battle of Bunker Hill? A. Write a persuasive essay explaining their positions about the Battle of Bunker Hill. B. Have students read the chapter in the textbook on the Battle of Bunker Hill. C. Look at a map to determine where the Battle of Bunker Hill took place. D. Use cooperative learning groups to research the battle and then role-play what they have discovered.

41. Which force produces heat when a skateboard is pushed against the sidewalk? A. magnetism B. electricity C. radiation D. friction

41. Which of the following is a compound? A. O2 B. O C. H2 D. H2O

42. During the late 1800s, manufacturing companies grew very large and produced more and more goods. Workers in the factories decided to form labor unions. Why did they form labor unions? A. to create more jobs B. to slow down production C. to increase production D. to improve working conditions

42. Students are constructing a book on animals to be displayed in the library. Students are now illustrating their work. In what stage of writing are the students? A. before the brainstorming phase B. before the editing stage C. before the peer review stage D. before the publishing stage

43. Mr. Lopez wants to explain how awesome the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World are. What would be the best way to engage students? A. Have a guest speaker come in and talk about the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World. B. Look at a map to discover where the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World are. C. Read about the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World in a textbook. D. Take a virtual tour on the internet of the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World.

44. Oil and water is best described as a(n): A. homogenous mixture. B. suspension. C. solution. D. heterogeneous mixture

44. Which of the following inventions changed the cultural and social landscape of the United States after World War II? A. radio B. telephone C. airplane D. TV

44. Writing that uses sensory details is: A. informational. B. expository. C. fictional. D. descriptive.

45. A science teacher who works with chemicals in her room should store the chemical manual: A. in the principal's office. B. in a locked cabinet in her classroom. C. in another teacher's room, where she can access it when she needs to. D. in her classroom where it can easily be accessed by anyone who needs it.

45. The following are all comprehension strategies EXCEPT: A. predicting B. questioning C. metacognition D. decoding

45. When students are asked to support claims or opinions through information found in the text, students are engaging in: A. reading response journals. B. double entry journals. C. reading text to self. D. evidence-based discussion.

47. A teacher wants to increase comprehension and critical thinking in her students. What would be the most effective strategy to use? A. Have students work in cooperative learning groups to identify difficult words. B. Have students engage in paired reading to understand tone. C. Have students work individually to categorize complex vocab words. D. Have students work individually to evaluate text structure and meaning.

47. Classroom structures should include ___________ to allow for multiple speaking and listening opportunities. A. formal cooperative learning groups only B. informal cooperative learning groups only C. a combination of independent and group work D. whole group lessons combined with small-group lessons

47. The draining of the Florida Everglades was due to: A. population increase. B. war with Native Americans. C. trade. D. agriculture.

47. To clearly convey expectations, teachers should provide rubrics to students: A. before writing assignments. B. before and during writing assignments. C. after writing assignments. D. before, during, and after writing assignments.

48. A student is observing the moon every night. She starts on the night of the full moon and watches the moon get smaller as the days go on. What phases of the moon is she observing? A. full B. partial C. waxing D. waning

49. All of the water on the Earth is contained in the: A. cryosphere. B. biosphere. C. lithosphere. D. hydrosphere.

49. Which of the following is the best strategy for developing concepts of print? A. readers theatre B. think-pair-share C. silent sustained reading D. shared reading

50. When gold rushers trespassed onto the Native American property of the Black Hills, they violated the: A. Versailles Treaty. B. American Indian Treaty. C. The Black Hills Treaty. D. The Fort Laramie Treaty

51. What is the purpose of poetry? A. to rhyme B. to be long verse C. to be short verse D. to convey imagery

52. Which of the following is not part of an atom? A. electron B. nucleus C. proton D. ribosome

55. Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. During independent reading time, a student notices the characters in his chapter book exhibit distinct behaviors. Which story element is the student picking up on? A. plot B. setting C. point of view D. characterization

57. A teacher is helping students pronounce nonsense words to understand different patterns and sounds in words. What stage of reading are the students in? A. fluent B. comprehension C. vocabulary D. emergent

58. Which of the following is NOT a consonant blend? A. bl B. sh C. cr D. at

59. During a school conference event, teachers and parents are looking at students' body of work to see where students were at the beginning of the year and where they are now. They are looking at: A. performance assessment data. B. running records. C. oral assessment data. D. portfolios.

59. Which is NOT a characteristic of successful technology integration in the classroom? A. easily accessible to teacher and students B. routinely used C. supports curricular goals D. independent computer-based learning

60. Group discussions and debates are an effective way to teach: A. handwriting skills B. reading skills C. comprehension skills D. speaking and listening skills

7. A byproduct of cellular respiration is: A. carbon. B. oxygen. C. carbohydrates. D. carbon dioxide.

8. A teacher is working with a diverse population. What should she do when planning a lesson? A. Consult the ESOL teacher to make sure classroom assessments are fair for all students. B. Prepare English-only lessons because students must speak English in U.S. public schools. C. Allow students to choose from a group of books assigned by the district. D. Provide a variety of culturally responsive texts students can choose from based on interest.

8. How is differentiated instruction different from accommodations? A. Differentiated instruction is a way to meet the needs of students with differing abilities in the same class while accommodations modify the curriculum and student expectations in order to ensure student learning gains. B. Differentiated instruction focuses on reducing the effects of a student's learning disability through modified activities while accommodations are used to help the teacher meet the needs of all the students in his or her classroom through one learning activity. C. Differentiated instruction focuses solely on varying activities so each student can learn at his or her own pace while accommodations focus on the supports a student needs to be successful in the general curriculum. D. Differentiated instruction provides alternatives for students to learn the same material based on readiness, interests, and learning needs while accommodations reduce the effects of a learning disability without decreasing learning expectations.

8. This person was a political activist who helped gain women the right to vote: A. Betsy Ross B. Harriet Tubman C. Harriet Beecher Stowe D. Susan B. Anthony

8. What keeps the Earth from falling into the sun? A. There is a fairly constant gravitational force between the sun and the Earth keeping, the Earth in its orbit. B. Kepler's law and Newton's laws. C. The Earth is not moving fast enough to "escape" the sun's gravity and leave the solar system, but it is going too fast to be pulled into the sun. D. All of the above.

8. What would be the best tool for whole group instruction on grammar and mechanics? A. computers with headsets B. journals C. grammar textbooks D. interactive white board/SMART Board

9. A __________________ this is the most accurate way to depict the Earth. Therefore, it is the best resources to use when teaching anything Earth-related: latitude/longitude, time zones, distance between continents. A. map B. atlas C. almanac D. globe

Before starting a unit on long division, the teacher gives students a quick pretest on multiplication tables to determine who needs support. What type of assessment?

Diagnostic Assessment

Taxonomy (Linnaeus)

Domains, Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species (smallest)

moon

Earths only natural satellite. thought to have formed 4.5 billion years ago affects the tides when it gets bigger it is waxing when it gets smaller it is waning

American Colonization

European colonization of the Americas was the invasion, settlement, and establishment of control of the continents of the Americas by various European powers: Spain, France, and England

In the 2000 election, what state was hotly contested by both Democrats and Republicans to see who won the presidential vote? California. Texas. Florida. New York.

Mixed Economic system

Features characteristics of both capitalism and socialism

Executive Branch

Federal level =president state level= governor local level= mayor

Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments to the constitution. First 5 are extremely important: 1. right to free speech, press, and assembly 2. right to bear arms 3. you do not have to house a soldier during war 4. the police need probable cause to search a car, hotel, room, house, or office 5. you do not have to testify in your own defense or incriminate yourself in a courtroom

Slaves and America

First African slaves were brought to North America colony, Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. Were meant to aid the production of crops such as tobacco and cotton. Slavery was practiced throughout the American colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries. Thus African American slaves helped build the economic foundations of the US. A nationwide debate over slavery tore the nation apart in the American Civil War (1861-1865).

A student is reading her favorite passage into a recording device repetitively and listens to it later for errors. What skill is she working on? Phonemic awareness Phonics Fluency Structural analysis

Fluency

Existence of additive inverses

For every a there exists -a so that a + (-a) = (-a) + a = 0

A teacher walks around the room checking on students as they work on math problems. she might also write anecdotal notes to review later to help her design further instruction. What type of assessment?

Formative Assessment

KNOW ORDER OF BLOOMS TAXANOMY

From high to low: apply, create, analyze, evaluate, compare contrast, categorize, understand and identify, remember and memorize

1970s

Gasoline Crisis

Axis powers

Germany (Hitler), Italy (Mussolini), Japan (Hirohito)

7 Ancient Wonders of the World

Great Pyramid at Giza, Egypt Hanging Gardens of Babylon Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Greece Temple of Artemis at Ephesus Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Colossus of Rhodes Lighthouse at Alexandria, Egypt

What ancient civilizations contributed to the world

Greeks- democracy China- porcelain India- spices Mesopotamia- irrigation

Monarchy (Jordan)

Has a king or queen, who often has absolute power. Power is passed along through the family

Mr. R. has the most unruly class in the school. He often is heard raising his voice in the classroom and hallways His lessons are well-planned and interesting but he hardly ever gets through half of his material. He goes to his grade level chairperson to ask for advice. What question might the grade level chair ask Mr. R. to help him understand the problem? What kind of lessons are you teaching? Do your lessons meet the state standards? Are your lessons followed by effective feedback and review? Have you explained to your students what acceptable classroom behavior is?

Have you explained to your students what acceptable classroom behavior is?

Heterogenous Mixture

Hetero= different You can see different parts of the mixture ex. chicken noodle soup, cereal

Transitive property of equality

If a=b and b=c, then a=c

Addition property of equality

If a=b, then a+c=b+c

subtraction property of equality

If a=b, then a-c=b-c

Multiplication property of equality

If a=b, then ac=bc

Subsitution Property of Equality

If a=b, then b can replace a in any expression containing a

Spelling Rule

In words with more than one syllable, double the final consonant when a single vowel precedes the final consonant and the stress falls on the last syllable of the stem once the ending is added. Examples: submitted, beginning

reading response journals

Individual- students response to text: a writing activity where students use journals to react to what they read by expressing how they feel and asking questions about the text

5. Post-conventional morality stage:

Individuals recognize the importance of individual right and social contracts in order to bring the greatest good to society. Older adolescents and young adults.

6. Justice stage:

Individuals recognize the principles of justice and obligation to others. Very few attain this stage.

Nick loves when new topics are introduced in your classroom. He quickly grasps new concepts. He wants to work on projects but often gets side-tracked. He has poor memory skills but does well on tests in which he has to apply other skills, especially in math. What type of learner might Nick be? Classic Sensory Intuitive Progressive

Intuitive

Haiku

Japanese poem consisting of 3 lines and 17 syllables. (5,7,5)

How does automaticity with high-frequency words help a student write? Students will be able to read what they write with more expression. Knowing high-frequency words will help the student keep focus in their writing. Students will be much better spellers. Students will be more likely to choose accurate words for better writing.

Knowing high-frequency words will help the student keep focus in their writing.

4 stages of learning Stage 2:

Knowledge accrues and becomes organized,

What is a slang term for dual federalism? Layer cake federalism. Onion federalism. Split federalism. Upside down federalism.

Layer cake federalism.

Bloom's Taxonomy describes six levels of comprehension: Knowledge level

Lowest level - 1- information directly from the text

Factory

Manufacturing plant or industrial site, usually son siting of building and machinery, where numerous workers construct goods to be sold in mass quantities

Assembly Line

Manufacturing process in which parts are added in order by individuals as the semi-finished assembly moves down the line until the final part is assembled. By mechanically moving the parts down an assembly line, a finished product can be assembled faster and with less labor than by having workers carry parts to a stationary place for assembly. Also referred to as progressive assembly

Which of the following pair of cities denotes the birthplace, and final resting place of the Prophet Muhammad? Basra and Nasiryah. Cairo and Alexandria. Esfahan and Shiraz. Mecca and Medina.

Mecca and Medina.

Bloom's Taxonomy describes six levels of comprehension: Application level --

Mid level 3- applying knowledge from a text to a new passage or situation

The phenomenon that causes water droplets to bead up on the surface of a waxed automobile is called which of the following? Molecular cohesion. Surface tension. The Coriolis Effect. Transpiration

Molecular cohesion.

Neutrons

Neutrally charged subatomic particles and are located in the nucleus of the atom

Who was the first president to enter China? T. Roosevelt. Truman. Nixon. Kennedy.

Nixon.

The NAEP is an exam given every few years for data purposes only to compare students reading scores across the US. What type of assessment?

Norm-Referenced

Kinetic energy

Object is in motion; the actual movement of an object. For example, a rock rolling down a hill or a swing swinging in the air both have _________ this. Key is it being IN MOTION

mechanical energy

Objects in motion ex. swing

Students in science:

Observe: employ the five sense to interact with phenomena and recording findings Classify: arrange living things and nonliving things based on attributes Predict: Make assumptions based on evidence Hypothesize: state a prediction based on evidence Investigate: Carry out experiments

What type of government is ruled by the aristocracy? Oligarchy. Monarchy. Republic. Dictatorship

Oligarchy.

Which is not true about reading fluency? Once a student achieves fluency he or she will continue to be a fluent reader. Fluent readers read automatically, accurately and with correct expression. Fluency occurs in context. Fluency is critical in reading because of the attention factor.

Once a student achieves fluency he or she will continue to be a fluent reader.

epic poetry

Originated in Greece. long narrative focuses on the trials and tribulations of a hero or god-like character, who represents the cultural values of a race, nation, or religion group. Fate of the people is in the hands of the hero

In her aquarium, Kesha noticed tiny bubbles on the leaves of her water plants. Her science teacher told her that it was probably a gas produced by the plant during photosynthesis. If this is true, which of the following gas was produced? Oxygen. Carbon Dioxide. Nitrogen. Air.

Oxygen.

Word Recognition

Pre-Alphabetic Phase, Partial-Alphabetic Phase, Full Alphabetic Phase, Consolidated- Alphabetic Phase

Emancipation Proclamation

President Abraham Lincoln signed this on January 1, 1863 changing the federal legal status of more than 3 million enslaved people in the designated areas of the South from slave to free.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

President of the US during Great Depression and World War II. Won a record of four presidential elections. New Deal was his program for relief, recovery ,and reform. It also involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy - NEW DEALS - SOCIAL SECURITY - PRESIDENT FOR 4 TERMS

1980s

Reagan is the President. US and USSR been a truce

The Piagetian concept that indicates that young students might not realize that numbers belong in certain orders is known as which of the following? Cardinal numbers Ordinal numbers Procedural knowledge Reversibility

Reversibility

Dictatorship (Iraq)

Rule by a single leader who has not been elected but rather who acquired power through violence or force

Hemispheres

Sections of the Earth divided by the Equator and Prime Meridian (Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western)

Jamestown

Settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement the Americas. It is America's first colony

Meteorite

Small asteroid

The system whereby elected officials offer government jobs to the people who helped them get elected is known as which of the following? Electoral system. Honor system. Point system. Spoils system.

Spoils system.

Midterms, finals, final grade What type of assessment?

Summative Assessment

Brown Vs. Board of Education (1954)

Supreme Court decision that overturned the Plessy vs. Ferguson decision (1896); led by Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Court ruled that "separate but equal" schools for blacks were inherently unequal and thus unconstitutional. The decision energized the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s.

Quantitative Data

Test scores, reading levels, lexile levels

The treaty that ceded Florida to the United States and left Texas under Spanish control was: The Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819. The Treaty of Paris of 1783. The Treaty of 1818. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848.

The Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819.

During photosynthesis, the plant uses visible light energy to fix carbon and manufacture simple sugars and grow. The carbon to build these simple sugars comes from which of the following? The plant cells. The soil. The air. Fertilizer.

The air.

Tea Act

The catalyst of the Boston Tea Party. the Tea Act passed by Parliament on May 10, 1773 granted the British East India Company Tea a monopoly on tea sales in the American Colonies

Water cycle

The continuous process by which water moves from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back

4 stages of learning Stage 1: .

The development of vague ideas,

Command Economic System

The government determines what goods should be produced, how much should be produced, and the price at which the goods are offered for sale. Also referred to as Communism

Cryosphere

The masses of frozen water ex. frozen lakes, rivers, open and glaciers

Socialism

The means of production, distribution, and exchange are owned or regulated by the community as a whole

St. Augustine

The oldest city in the US. Founded in 1565 by the Spanish. Ponce de Leon, a Spanish conquistador, explored St. Augustine looking for gold and other resources

Absolute Location

The prime Meridian, the Equator and IDL. Exact spot on the Earth where something is located. When describing this use specific coordinates like latitude and longitude

Structural Analysis

The process of interpreting word parts that make up a word. this helps the reader determine the pronunciation and meaning of unknown words. This word identification technique is effective when used along with phonic analysis and context clues. Students can break down the word using its structure

Conduction

The transfer of heat from particle to particle ex. a cold spoon is placed in hot soup, the spoon will get hotter until the soup and the spoon become the same temperature

Which of the following Central Asian regions constituted the northeastern extent of Alexander the Great's Empire and was later ruled by Genghis Khan's son, Chagatai? Syria. Parthia. Bactria. Transoxiana.

Transoxiana

What is the lowest level in the Earth's atmosphere? Stratosphere. Troposphere. Thermosphere. Ionosphere.

Troposphere.

Allied Powers

U.S. (Roosevelt), Great Britain (Churchill), Soviet Union (Stalin), China (China Kai-shek)

1960s

US enters Vietnam to combat Communism. 1969- moon walk, US wins the Space Race

Tiling

Used to represent the abstract as concrete. ex. teacher can use tiles to represent negative numbers. or for multiplications

4 stages of learning Stage 4:

Using declarative and procedural knowledge

Measures passed against the Alien and Sedition Acts in 1798-99 were known as what? Connecticut and Virginia Resolutions. Anti-Sedition Acts. Virginia Sedition Measures. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.

1910s

WWI ends and everyone is happy

1940s

WWII. Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, FDR New Deal, factories. 1945- atomic bomb, end of WWII, Cold War begins when Russia turns USSR

Harriet Tubman

Was an American abolitionist and humanitarian. Escaped slavery and embarked on missions to rescue approximately 70 enslaved families and friends. She did this by using the network of antislavery activities and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad.

Meteorologists commonly use which tool to measure the temperature and wind speed in the Earth's atmosphere at high altitude? Doppler radar. Rockets. Satellites. Weather balloons

Weather balloons

What treaty helped establish the border between Maine and Canada? Webster-York Treaty. Treaty of Canada. Webster-Ashburton Treaty. Clay-Calhoun Treaty.

Webster-Ashburton Treaty.

Monopoly

When a single company or group owns all or nearly all of the market for a type of product or service. Characterized by an absence of competition, which often results in high prices and inferior products

Which of the following comprehension questions would be particular to narrative text? What does the title tell you about the story? What do the pictures tell you? What new words did you learn? Who were the characters in the selection?

Who were the characters in the selection?

A fluent reader reads smoothly, accurately, automatically, and with expression. What does reading automatically mean? Without conscious effort or thought Reading all the words on the page correctly Reading at adequate speed so that it sounds like talking Understanding the meaning of the words

Without conscious effort or thought

In a graph, a line that runs Vertical which (x or y) will stay the same

In a graph, a line that runs horizontal which (x or y) will stay the same

impeachment

a charge of misconduct made against the holder of a public office. congress is the only branch of government can do this

Parallel circuits

a circuit with branches that allows multiple applications to happen at once

Progress monitoring

a component of student learning and assessment. when teacher and student track progress and modify instruction and behaviors to increase students learning ex. data folders, portfolio, conferences, fluency checks

Era

a long and distinct period of history with a particular feature or characteristic. ex. Reagan Era

depression

a long and severe recession in an economy or market

Quartering Act

a name given to a minimum of 2 Acts of British Parliament in the local governments of the American colonies to provide the British soldiers with any needed accommodations and housing. It also required colonies to provide food

stamp act

a new tax was imposed on all American colonists and required them to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used. The sons of Liberty played a major role in most colonies battling this

Recession

a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by the fall in GDP in two successive quarters

Experiments

a procedure carried out to refute or validate a hypothesis. They help students understand the cause- and - effect relationship by demonstrating what outcomes occur when a particular factor is manipulated

Townshend Act

a series of measures introduced into the English Parliament by Chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townshend in 1767. imposed duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea imported into the colonies

Fable

a short story that conveys a moral, typically with animals as characters ex. The Three Little Pigs

Anarchy (Afghanistan)

a situation where there is no government. This can happen after a civil war in a country.

Sanctions

a threatened penalty for disobeying a low or rule

Distributive property of multiplication over additions

a x (b + c) = a x b + a x c

multiplicative identity property of 1

a x 1 = 1 x a = a

Additive identity property of 0

a+0=0+a=a

Commutative property of addition

a+b=b+a

reflexive property of equality

a=a

Commutative property of multiplication

ab=ba

Phonological Awareness

ability of the reader to recognize the sound of spoken language, including how sounds can be blended together, segmented, and manipulated

region

abroad geographic area distinguished by similar features

Absolute Value [-2]

absolute value is 2

Suffixes

additions to root words that form a new word with another meaning from that of the root word. Change the part of speech or ver tense of a word. ex. -ed, -ing,- plural -s

prefixes

additions to root words that help form a new word with another meaning from that root word. ex. unknown, disregard, irrational

Diagnostic Assessment

administered before instruction and are designed to identify students' strengths and weaknesses (e.g., pre-tests, student interviews, learning style inventories)

What stage of legibility are the students working on when they use line paper? slant size alignment spacing

alignment

Hydrosphere

all the water on Earth in liquid form ex. lakes, rivers, and oceans

Debates

allows students to have the opportunity to use critical thinking and presentation skills. Can help students cultivate abstract thinking and build skills like citizenship, etiquette, organization, persuasion, public speaking, research, and teamwork

Capitalism

an Economic system that affords economic freedom, consumer choice, and economic growth

embargo

an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country

Force

any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. Can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (including beginning motion from a sate of rest)

metaphor

applying word or phrases to an individual thing ex. he was a lion filled with rage

Elements

are more than one hundred substances that cannot be chemically interconverted or broken down into simpler substances and are primary constituents of matter

norm referenced (percentile)-

assessment or evaluation that yields an estimate of the position of the tested individuals with a predefined population

personification

attributing human characteristics to something not human ex. the cat judged me from across the room

Literary devices

authors use them to convey messages in a figurative manner. When employed properly, the different literary devices help readers appreciate, interpret, and analyze a literary work

Declaration of Independence

authors: Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger sherman, Robert R. Livingston. Purpose: government is no more powerful than man. if government is tyrannical people have the right to revel and start over

A student is reading through the text fluently, with greater 95% accuracy. This student has: automaticity decoding skills repetition skills prosody

automaticity

Atoms

basic unit of chemical elements. More than 99.94% of the mass is the nucleus

tilt on its axis

because of this Earth has seasons. When tilted toward the sun it is warmer (summer) when tiled away from sun it is colder (winter)

onset

beginning consonant and consonant cluster

Scientific Method

body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry is commonly based on empirical or measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning

compensation

borrowing pieces of one number to compensate for another to make it easier to solve EX: 46+38, Take 4 from 38 and give it to the 46, now you solve 50+34= 84

Writing stage 1: prewriting

brainstorming, considering purpose and goals for writing, using graphic organizers to connect ideas, and designing a coherent structure fro a writing piece

Slaves and the Caribbean

brought to work on sugar plantations. Soon the population of African slaves began to outnumber the Europeans. The proportions of slaves ranged from about 1/3 in Cuba to more than 90% on many islands. Slave rebellions were common. As rebellions became more frequent, European investors lost money. The cost of maintaining slaves grew higher, and slavery was eventually abolished.

Electricity

can be defined as the flow of an electric charge. Most familiar is the type used in homes and businesses to power lights and appliances. electrical circuits allow __________ to flow in a loop and power different things

Role-Play

can be used to enhance students' understanding of a situation in time. Most effectively used when demonstrating a cast of characters in a certain event. ex. living history museum

plant cells

cell wall, chloroplast, photosynthesis (CO2 + H20 + light= Carbohydrates)

organization of life

cells-> tissues -> organs -> organ systems-> organisms

ions

charged element or molecule that has lost or gained one or more electrons

A maze assessment is when students

choose from several words in each section of the text.

coments

chunk of ice and rock originating outside the solar system

Asteroids

chunk of rock and metal in orbit between Mars and Jupiter

ethical process

citation, paraphrasing- avoid plagiarism

Students are practicing their reading comprehension by reading a passage and filling in the blanks with words from a vocabulary bank at the top of the page. What type of strategy is the students using? maze cloze graphic organizer running record

cloze

instructional methods for communication

collaborative conversation, discussion, presentation

Convergent

coming together

Compounds

composed of 2 or more elements bonded together. All of these are molecules but not all molecules are these

Oral Assessments

conducted either or wholly in part by word of mouth. ex. answering questions orally, performances, presentations, role-play

Literature circles

cooperative learning - students response to text: a small-group cooperative learning activity where students engage and discuss a piece of literature or text

Think-pair-share

cooperative learning - students response to text: activity in which students work together to solve a problem or answer a question about an assigned reading

evidence-based discussion

cooperative learning- students response to text: the teacher sets the expectation that students use evidence in the text to support claims they make during the discussion

A teacher is administering an assessment where students are showing mastery of the skills covered in the first quarter. What type of assessment is the teacher giving the students? criterion-referenced—standards. criterion-referenced—percentile ranking norm-referenced—percentile ranking norm-referenced—standards

criterion-referenced—standards.

Earths Layers

crust, upper mantle, mantle, outer core, inner core

Doublespeak is language that is intended to

deceive or confuse people by using ambiguous language. Saying, "he uses alternative facts," is confusing. Better to say, "he lies."

Market Economic system

decisions regarding investments, production, and distribution are based on market, supply, and demand. Prices of goods and services and determined a free price system

Greeks

democracy

DAP

developmental appropriate practice -> match the students' age to the appropriate task

visual learners

do best with images and graphic organizers to make sense of new information

inanimate

does not have physical entities and biological processes such as homeostasis, cell division, cellular respiration, and photosynthesis

Writing stage 5: editing

editing based on connections and mechanics

Writing stage 4: revising

editing based on structure tone and clear connections

independent variable

element manipulated in the experiment

control variables

elements of the experiment that a scientist wants to remain constant, and she must observe the as carefully as the dependent variables

comprehension

essence of reading. When students begin to form images in their minds as they read. They are able to predict what might happen next in a story because they understand what is happening in the story. Do not need to decode words. They are fluently with prosody, automaticity, and accuracy

Decades

every 10 years

hyperbole

exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally ex. the cake must have weighed 500 pounds!

Heat transfer

exchange of thermal energy between physical systems

Judicial Branch

federal level= US Supreme Court, US Court of Appeals, US District Courts State Level= State Supreme Court, State Court of Appeals Local Level= Municipal Courts

legislative branch

federal level= congress state level= state legislature local level= city council

Preliterate drawing

first stage in emergent writing. the student uses drawing to stand for writing and believes that the drawings/writing are communicating a purposeful message

Narrative

first-person account that tells a story as it happens using sensory details and chronological order

A teacher is grouping students frequently based on their interests, levels, and learning preferences. What type of grouping is she using? homogeneous heterogeneous static flexible

flexible (because she is including interest too and not just levels)

running records

following along as a student reads and marking when he or she makes a mistake or miscues

Existence of multiplicative inverses

for every a=0 there exists 1/a so that a x 1/a x a =1

Friction

force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other

Narrative poetry

form of poetry that tells a story, often making use of the voices of a narrator and characters. The entire story is usually written in metered verse. The poems that make up this genre may be short or long and the story may be complex

Mountains

formed as a result of the Earth's tectonic plates smashing together

Canyons

formed by weathering and erosion caused by the movement of rivers. also formed by tectonic activity

Volvanoes

formed when magma from within the Earth's upper mantle erupts through the surface

Nonrenewable- limited resources

fossil fuels, coal, natural gas, nuclear energy

Limerick

funny poem with a strong beat. very lighthearted poems and con sometimes be utter nonsense. good for kids to both read and write because they are short and funny, Have five lines: 1st "there was a..." 5th: a farfetched or unusual conclusion has a rhyme scheme of aabba

climate maps

give general information about the climate and precipitation (rain and snow) of a region. Cartographers, or mapmakers, use colors to show different climate or precipitation zones.

World War II.

global war from 1939-1945. involved vast majority of world's nations including all of the great powers. these powers split into two opposing military alliances: allies and axis powers

Conductors

good for electricity - wire, metal, water

auditory learners

grasp concepts best through listening and speaking situations

fluent writing

greater than 95% - resembles adult writing. Grammar and spelling are mostly correct. One can read and understand what the writing says

Greatest Common Factor (GCF)

greatest factor that dives two numbers

What is the most effective way to help students master spelling words? memorization - rote memory activities categorization - list words in alphabetical order repetition - write the words again and again grouping - teach students lists of words that are related

grouping - teach students lists of words that are related

flexible grouping

groups change from day to day and even within a class period

interest grouping

groups of students based on students interest

Compacting

groups of students who can skip steps and move quickly because they have more advanced math fluency

The type of poem below is a: Love is infinite. The heart warm and racing fast. Never turning back. sonnet limerick prose haiku

haiku

Kinesthetic learners

hands on learning experiences

fixed verse poetry

has a set formula

free verse poetry

has little or no pre-established guidelines

living things

have physical entities and biological processes, such as homeostasis, cell division, cellular respiration, and photosynthesis

Suspension

heterogenous mixture contains solid particles that are sufficiently large for sedimentation ex. orange juice, salad dressing

Blooms taxonomy

hierarchical model used to classify educational learning objectives into levels of complexity and specificity. The higher up the pyramid, the more complex the thinking skills. Use this when answering questions regarding critical thinking. From high to low: apply, create, analyze, evaluate, compare contrast, categorize, understand and identify, remember and memorize

Bloom's Taxonomy describes six levels of comprehension: Synthesis level --

high level 5- to make generalizations or to take information and develop a strategy

Bloom's Taxonomy describes six levels of comprehension: Evaluation level --

high level 6 -to judge veracity, fact or opinion or bias

Bloom's Taxonomy describes six levels of comprehension: Analysis level --

high level-4- examining parts of a passage to sort, categorize, make connections etc.

critical thinking

high-level cognitive skill. When students can apply certain concepts to their reading. May be able to come up with their own ending of the story or even and extra scene. When they are thinking deeply using evolution and analysis in their reading

Mixtures

homogenous and heterogenous

Solutions

homogenous mixture The dissolving agent is the solvent ex. salt water, sugar water

colloid

homogenous mixture one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. Particles do not settle and cannot be separated by ordinary filtering. ex. gels, emulsions

Atomic number

how an element is identified. It is also the number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms

automaticity

how automatically the student reads

Division property of equality

if a =b then c does not = 0 then a/c=b/c

Symmetric property of equality

if a=b, then b=a

International Date Line

imaginary line of navigation that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole and indicates the change of one calendar day to the next. Passes though the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Detours around political boundaries

blending

important skill for beginner use to mimic the process readers go through to sound out a word as in /p/-/a/-/t/ -> pat

Antiphon is choral reading

in different groups, where each group is responsible for pieces of the text.

Topographical maps

include streams, valleys, rivers, mountains, hills, and more. display important landmarks and roads. often show how people migrated and settled the land. can provide information about ancestral properties, buildings, local cemeteries, and other important buildings and features

Assessment of handwriting

incorporates observations of execution, legibility, and speed of writing

Writing stage 6: Rewriting

incorporating changes as they carefully write or type their final drafts

resources for communication

internet, printed material, artifacts, visual media

cooperative learning

involves groups of students working together to achieve a common goal. utilizes mixed ability groups to increase all members' understanding of a subject. ex. literature circles, Kagan structures, workshops, reading centers, discussion groups

And running record

is a fluency exercise.

Metacognition

is thinking about thinking. When students have this they understand the processes in their minds and can imply a variety of techniques to understand the text

Point Symmetry

is when every part has a matching part: the same distance from the central point, but in the opposite direction. In other words, you should be able to rotate the shape and it will stay the same. Ex. A Cirlcle a square etc

subitize

knowing the number by looking at a representation of the number. ex. when a person sees 6 dots on a die they know that it is immediately six without counting the dots

Parliamentary (Israel)

led by representatives of the people. Each is chosen as a member of a political party and remains in power as long as his/her party does

Republic (USA)

led by representatives of the voters

penmanship

legibility, letter formation, spacing

5 stages of legibility

letter formation, letter spacing, letter alignment, letter size, letter slant

reading achievement levels

level 1 (below grade) level 2 (slightly below) level 3 (grade level) level 4 (slightly above) level 5 (above)

Relative Location

location of something in comparison to the location of something else

miscue analysis

looking over the running record, analyzing why the student miscue and employing strategies to help the student with miscues

Opportunity cost

loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chose. ex. if you buy video game now you cannot have bike later

1920s

lots of expendable income. People living high on the hog. Great Gatsby time

Bloom's Taxonomy describes six levels of comprehension: Comprehension level --

lower level- 2 giving the meaning of terms, idioms, language, making inferences etc.

Geologic Formations

made from rocks that exist on the lithosphere ex. volcanoes, mountains, canyons

Sedimentary rock

made from: deposition, cementation looks like: sand grains or visible pebbles, fossils may be visible ex. conglomerate, sandstone, limestone, shale

Metamorphic rock

made from: heat pressure looks like: sparkly crystals, ribbon like layers ex. marble, slate, diamonds gneiss

Igneous rock

made from: lava, magma looks like: glassy, smooth surface, gas bubble holes, random arrangement of minerals ex. granite, pumice, obsidian

Students are reading a piece of text. Every seventh word in the passage is replaced with the correct word and 2 distractors. Students must choose between the 3 words presented. What type of assessment are the students taking? cloze criterion-referenced formative maze

maze

Population density maps

measure populations per unit area or unit volume

-criterion-referenced-

measures student performance against fixed set of predetermined criteria or learning standards

stannic score

method of scaling test scores on a 9-point standard scale with a mean of 5 and a standard deviation of 2 1,2,3 = below average 4,5,6 = average 7,8,9= above average

Inventive strategies

methods in which students invent ways to solve complex problems. They involve using reason and understand to get to an end result. ex. partitioning, compensation

soil

mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids and many organisms that together support life on Earth (Top soil, sub soil, bedrock)

Trade regulation

monitoring including governments regulation of unfair methods of competition and unfair or deceptive business acts or practices

Thermal energy

moving particles ex. boiling water

Electrical energy

moving through the wire ex. light bulb

rubrics

must be used for writing and grading process

informed consent

necessary to perform experiments on human subjects

Electrons

negatively charged subatomic particles that circle around the atom's nucleus

When you unfold a 3-dimensional shape to observe it as a 2-dimensional shape, it is called a

net.

population density

number of people in relation to the square miles

lunar eclipse

occurs when the moon passes directly behind Earth into its unbraided (shadow)

Benjamin Franklin

one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. NOT a senator or president

In refrain choral reading,

one person reads the narrative part of the text, while the others join in on the refrain.

Circulatory System

organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients through an organism's body two types: open and closed

Graphic organizers are used to

organize information in a text.

Traditional Economic system

original economic system in which traditions, customs, and beliefs shape the goods and services the economy produces

Primary source

original, first-hand account of an event or time period. Usually written or made during or close to the event or time period. Original, creative writing or works of act. Factual, not interpretive ex. diaries, journals, and letters

lithosphere

outermost shell of the earth the Earths crust

Civil Rights Act 1964

outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The decision prohibited unequal application of voter registration requirements, racial segregation in schools, employment, and public accommodations

syntactic

part of cueing system that focuses on the structure of the sentence

Pull Factors

part of immigration. advantages that a country has that makes a person want to live there. ex. stable government, job opportunities, reliable security

Push Factor

part of immigration. the circumstances that make a person want to lear. ex. lack of employment or educational opportunities, war, or famine

graphophonemic

part of the cueing system that focuses on the relationship between sounds and symbols (letter/sound recognition)

semantic

part of the cuing system that focuses on the meaning a student derives from text

liquid state of matter

particles are closer together than gas but farther apart than a solid

solid state of matter

particles are very close together

gas state of matter

particles are very far apart

Heredity

passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another

Students are sounding out words based on the individual sounds in the words. What type of exercise is this? phonemic awareness phonics phonological awareness fluency

phonemic awareness

Phototropism

plant will grow toward the light if it is in a room because plants need light to survive

Animal Cells

plasma membrane, no chloroplast, cellular respiration (Carbohydrates +02= CO2 and H2O

sonnet

poem of an expressive though using any of a number of formal rhyme schemes

China-

porcelain

Protos

positively charged subatomic particles and are located in the nucleus

strategies for boosting comprehension, critical thinking and metacognition

predicting: asking students what they think will happen next questioning: having students ask questions based on what they are reading read aloud/think aloud: teacher or student reads and stops to think aloud about what the text means summarizing: asking students t summarize what they just read in their own words

read and write learners

prefer words to make sense of abstract concepts

writing process

prewriting, drafting, peer review, revising, editing, rewriting, publishing

Open circulatory system

primitive circulatory system where blood does not remain enclosed in the tubes or vessels and comes in direct contact with the body cells or tissues ex. invertebrates, mollusks, insects

photosynthesis (plants)

process used in plants to convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy that can be later released as fuel in the form of carbohydrates for other organisms

Writing stage 7: publishing

producing and disseminating the work in a variety of ways: class book, bulletin board, letters to the editor, school newsletter, website

Energy

property that can be transferred in between and among objects. can be converted into different forms

Differentiated instruction

providing students with multiple ways to learn in the same classroom

Divergent

pulling apart

listening and speaking strategies

questioning, paraphrasing, eye contact, voice, gestures

boiling (phase changes)

rapid vaporization of a liquid (liquid to gas)

Math fluency

rate, accuracy, automaticity, flexibility

choral reading

reading aloud in unison with a whole class or group of students. helps build students' fluency, self-confidence, and motivation

repeated reading

reading passages again and again, aiming to read more words correctly per minute each time

prosody

reading with expression while using the words and punctuation correctly. the reader is converting what is on the page, pausing at commas and periods, and using inflection based on punctuation.

fluency

reading without having to stop and decode words. reading a paragraph from start to finish with very few errors

A teacher reads the main parts of a passage, while the class recites the chorus only. What type of choral reading are they engaged in? refrain unison cumulative antiphon

refrain

Sun Belt

region of the US generally considered to stretch across the Southeast and Southwest. Has mild winters, frequent sunny skies, and growing economic opportunieis

Iteration

repeating the same steps over and over again. Anything that is sequential in operation is this. ex. following the steps for the standard algorithm in addition

Chemical changes in matter

results in any change that forms new substances at the molecular level by: rotting, burning, cooking, rusting

physical changes in matter

results in change in the size and shape by: tearing, folding, melting, freezing, evaporating, cutting

instructional methods for writing

revision, individual conferences, meaningful feedback (be specific)

homogenous mixture

same you cannot see different parts of the mixture ex.coffee, peanut butter, Kool-Aid

multiculturalism

select literature with diverse cultures, encourage students to share their culture stories, motivate students to express multiculture

Cellular Respiration (animals)

set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of animals to convert energy acquired from plants to ATP

The four types of volcanoes are:

shield, cinder cone and composite, and lava domes volcanoes

Political Maps

show locations of city, towns, and countries and might have some physical features such as rivers, streams, and lakes. Simple-to-use detailed index

Road maps

show major (and some minor) highways and roads, airports, railroad tracks, cities, and other points of interest in an area. Use for driving directions

Economic or resource maps

show natural resources or economic activity that dominates an area. ex. oranges on a map of Florida tell you that oranges are grown there

Physical maps

show physical features of an area, such as the mountains, rivers, and lakes. Water is usually shown in blue. Colors are used to show relief (differences in land elections) Green is typically used at lower elevations and orange and brown at higher

Subduction

sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate into the mantle beneath another plate

Molecules

smallest particle in a chemical element or compound that has the chemical properties of that element or compound. Made up of atoms that are held together by the chemical bonds.

Least common multiple (LCM)

smallest positive number that is a multiple of two or more

Renewable resources

solar, wind, hydropower

Closed circulatory system

sophisticated and elaborate system. blood is restricted in the blood vessels during circulation ex. vertebrates, humans, snakes, cows

Standard algorith

specific method of computation that is conventionally taught for solving particular mathematical problems using standard notation in: -exchanging, regrouping, long division, long multiplication , average, area, volume

Sun

star at the center of the solar system. Most important source of energy for life on Earth

Chemical energy

stored in food or fuel ex. photosynthesis, lighting a match, rusting

performance based assessments

students are required to solve problems demonstrating their knowledge and skills. Require students to perform a task rather than fill in multiple choice bubbles. considered authentic assessments ex. participating in lab or experiment, engaging in role-play, conducting a presentation, solving and showing work for math problems

Writing stage 3: peer review

students evaluate each other's writing in the peer review process- content, understanding

etymology

study of the origins of words and how they have changed over time. If students are analyzing the root words and their meanings they are using this

referendum

submission of a law to the direct vote of the people. ex. having citizens vote on suggested town curfew laws

Partioning

taking large numbers and splitting them into small, manageable units EX: 467-122= (400-100 then 60-20 them 7-2) add all totals

series circuits

the components are arranged end to end. The electrical current flows through the first component, then through the next component, and so on until it reaches the battery again

Plessy Vs. Ferguson (1896)

the decision upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal"

Potential energy

the energy possessed by an object or individual by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors. For example a rock on the top of the hill, before it rolls down has this. A swing being pulled to the top before it is released has _________ energy

Onomatopoeia

the formation of a word from a sound associated with it ex. sizzle, kurplunk, pow, bam

Biosphere

the global sum of all ecosystems

Democracy (India)

the government is elected by the people. All of the people who are eligible to vote- which is the majority of the population- have a chance to have their say over who runs the country

Caveat emptor

the principle that the buyer alone is responsible for checking the quality and suitability of goods before a purchase is made

eminent domain

the right of a government or its agent to expropriate private property for public use, which payment of compensation

Convection

the transfer of heat by the actual movement of the warmed matter ex. in oven the air is moved by a fan around the food

Radiation

the transfer of heat from electromagnetic waves through space ex. sunlight

economy

the weather and resources of a country or region, especially in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services

Plate tectonics

theory that the Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle or the rocky inner layer above the core. The plates move and separate, causing the Earth to separate and change

Earth

third planet from the sun, densest planet in the solar system, largest of the solar system's four terrestrial planets and the only astronomical object known to harbor life

compound words

two words put together. ex. mailman, sidewalk, hotdog

Phonic/ Graphophonic

understanding correspondence between these sounds and the spelling patters that represent the

Phonemic awareness

understanding the individual sounds (phonemes) in words. When a student can separate the sounds in the word cat into 3 distinct phonemes: /d/, /ae/ /t/

Special purpose maps

used to help focus on certain details such as topography, climate or district. Useful for locating a place or finding more information about populations tourism, elevation

Array

useful to shoe geometry- useful representation of multiplication concepts and geometric concepts. 3 rows and 4 columns = 3 x 4 or 3 by 4 array

simile

using like or as ex. she was as thin as a rail

Earthquakes

usually caused when plates rub against each other in an opposite motion, and rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake

Evaporation (phase changes)

vaporization of a liquid the occurs from the surface of a liquid into a gaseous phase (liquid to gas)

Political cartoons

vivid primary source that offer insight to the publics moods, underlying cultural assumptions of age, and attitudes toward key events or trends of the times. Since 18th century they have offered lots of insight into the past First in the US was written by Benjamin Franklin. Showed the importance of colonial unity

rimes

vowel and consonant that follow ex. -ack, -an, -aw, -ick

Harriet Beecher Stowe

was an American abolitionist who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin. The novel depicts the harsh life African Americans lived under slavery. The book helped fuel the abolitionist movement to end slavery.

The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851

was signed on September 17 between the US treaty commissioners and representatives of the several Native American Tribes. The government solution was to assign each tribe a defined territory, where they were to remain (reservations)

Manifest Destiny

was the belief in the US that its settlers were destined to expand across North America and had the right to conquer and settle anywhere from the east to the west coast

Condensation (phase changes)

water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with its (gas to liquid)

Literature circles

well-organized, cooperative learning structures where students analyze text, both informational and literacy. can be used effectively for students learning about the language in the Declaration of Independence

dependent variable

what the scientist is measuring during the experiment

Mapping or diagramming sentences

when students outline the structure of the sentence which can help students make sure each piece of the sentence is grammatically correct. Give student a deeper understanding of the English language

Dominance

when the effect of one phenotype of one allele masks the contribution of a second allele at the same loss. The first allele is dominant and the second allele is recessive. ex. in humans brown eye is dominant over blue eye. For a person to have blue eyes they must have both recessive alleles

Cumulative choral reading is

when voices or individuals are added or subtracted.

written assessments

where students write to communicate their learning. often have more information that a multiple choice test. ex. essays, lab write-ups, letters, journals

Portfolios assessment

where teacher uses a series of student-developed artifacts to determine student learning. considered authentic assessments and alternative assessments. offer an alternative or addition to traditional methods of grading and high-stakes exams

Unison choral reading is when the

whole group reads the material together in its entirety.

Betsy Ross

widely credited with making the first American flag

sight words

words that do not follow the rules. students cannot use standard decoding and structure analysis on these types of words. They must be memorized. ex. want, said, by, what, see, are, why, there

A cloze reading strategy is when students

work on their comprehension by filling in the blank with vocab words.

Writing stage 2: drafting

working independently to draft the sentence, essay or paper

Emergent writing

writing at this stage means children begin to understand that writing is a from of communication and their marks on paper convey a message

Descriptive

writing that describes or helps form a visual picture using sensory details and spatial order

Expository/ Informative Expository

writing that informs, explains, or tells "how to" without using opinions (uses only facts)

Argumentative/ Persuasive

writing that persuades or convinces using support, details, and examples from the text in logical order (most important to least or least important to most) in early grades this is called opinion writing

FTCE Full subject practice questions

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