FTTx Basics Conventional
DWDM can produce high data rates of up to what speeds?
100 Gbps
In a PON FTTx network, what contains fiber test points that will minimize service disruption to customers?
An FDH
For FTTH and FTTB installations, where must the technician access the fiber?
At a connection point.
What 4 colors are used to color code the fibers in the drop?
Blue, green, orange, and brown.
The (MST, FDH, or FAT?) is small and is typically used in neighborhoods to house optical splitters spliced to fiber-optic drop cables.
FAT
The (MST, FDH, or FAT?) protects environmental extremes and provides effective cable management by grouping splitters into local serving areas.
FDH
True or false? The purpose of the fiber demarcation box is to house excess cable.
False
What is the first step in preparing a cut fiber for splicing?
Install the shrink sleeve onto the fiber.
What are the advantages of loose buffer tube fiber?
It offers the best protection for the fibers under high pulling tension and moisture with its fiber-coated gel.
Fibers can be terminated through pre-connectorized fibers, also known as what?
Pigtails
What is the best approach to repairing an aerial fiber-optic drop cable for FTTx applications?
Replace the entire section of fiber drop cable.
When _____ is combined with a PON system, the network capacity can be expanded as needed.
WDM
What is the correct way to hold a spliced fiber and why?
By the splice sleeve, because it is the strongest part.
What is an ONU/ONT?
It is a device that converts light from fiber to RF for coaxial distribution into the home.
What does the "x" in FTTx stand for?
The "x" in FTTx is a placeholder; used to describe the term generically.
What is the purpose of the ground block?
To protect fragile electronics like TVs and STBs from damaging lightning strikes and power surges.
True or false? The fiber-optic transceiver converts RF into light.
False, it converts light into RF.
The optical splitter performs bi-directional complementary functions. Optical splitters are passive branching devices that divide an optical signal across several output fibers across which direction, forward or return?
Forward
Based on their split configuration, what type of splitters are nonreflective and have high attenuation values?
Fused biconical taper (FBT) splitters
Hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) network architectures have been developed to enable what kind of transition to an all fiber-optic cable infrastructure?
Gradual
In what kind of network does the fiber-optic cable connect the headend or hub to a location where the light waves are converted to RF signals and distributed to customer premises through coaxial cable?
HFC network
What parameter is critical in an OTDR when testing a PON with significant splitters losses?
High dynamic range.
Which type of fiber topology used in a Passive optical network/PON places the PON splitters at the headend while providing one designated fiber for every customer premise?
Home-run.
The (MST, FDH, or FAT?) provides access to connect fiber-optic drops from the customer premises into the network, just as the service tap is used to connect coaxial cable drops to the HFC network.
MST
True or false? BIF has a small bend radius of 7.5 millimeters (mm) or 10 mm.
True
According to the NTIS, what percentage of OSP fiber-optic troubles are caused by people, usually during construction or maintenance?
75%
How are optical splitters used in the forward path?
As passive branching devices that divide an optical signal across multiple output fibers.
What is the proper way to handle fiber once it is spliced?
At the heat-shrink protective sleeve that has a steel bar inside it.
Which has compatibility with both GBIC and SFP connections, CWDM or DWDM?
CWDM
Which is ideal for a gradual upgrade of older systems, CWDM or DWDM?
CWDM
Which is less expensive to deploy, CWDM or DWDM?
CWDM
Where should cut fiber shards be disposed of and why?
Cut fiber shards should always be disposed of in a designated container because they contain fiberglass, and the particles can spread and cause injury.
Which uses significantly more power, CWDM or DWDM?
DWDM
What kind of mux provides two connections at each port?
Duplex mux
True or false? Pigtail splicing requires more time to install than installing connectors and is cost-prohibitive.
False, it is faster, more reliable, and cheaper.
Why is it so important to make sure all contaminants are cleaned from the fiber tip before connection?
Fiber uses light signals to transmit data and light cannot pass through dirt.
What is the minimum burial depth requirement for fiber-optic drop cables?
18 inches.
Which has 18 channels with a 20nm spacing, CWDM or DWDM?
CWDM
Which has either 40 channels at .8nm or 80 channels at .4nm spacing, CWDM or DWDM?
DWDM
True or false? To strip the coating for the fiber you will need needle nose pliers.
False, a fiber-optic prep tool is used.
What is the purpose of a fiber demarcation box?
It provides a safe place to splice, split, distribute, store, and cross-connect fiber optics.
What is the purpose of the Multiport Service Terminal/MST?
It provides access to connect fiber-optic cable drops from the customer premises to the network.
What is the purpose of the SDU/tranceiver?
It provides surge protection, a test jack, circuit protection, wiring management, and fiber termination.
Active Ethernet networks are point-to-point (P2P) systems between which two points?
The headend and the node
True or false? To remove the protective gel from the exposed fibers, use an approved alcohol wipe.
True, this will clean the gel from the fibers.
Which is used to transmit longer distances, CWDM or DWDM?
DWDM
What transmits and receives light to and from the headend and converts optical signals to RF and vice versa?
The ONU/ONT.
True or false? BIF is designed to handle the smaller bend radius requirements of FTTH better than traditional ITU-T G.652 fiber.
True, this is why it is ideal for FTTH installations.
What is the difference between the Fiber-to-the-node/FTTN and Fiber-to-the-curb/FTTC topologies?
An FTTC is allowed a smaller number of Radio frequency/RF splitters between the optical fiber and the customer premises.
In RFoG applications, why are test equipment with matching optical sources, filters, and calibration points required?
Because specific wavelengths are assigned.
True or false? The prepped fiber in the house box is secured before securing the splicing tray.
False, the splicing tray is secured first.
True or false? When prepping fiber cable, remove the waterproof strings which act as a moisture barrier, but leave both of the fiberglass strength members.
False, the strength members also need to be cut away.
True or false? Because the fibers are going to be spliced anyway, it is not important to avoid microbends and macrobends.
False, these should always be avoided so as not to damage the fiber.
True or false? When connecting coax to the transceiver, the first steps are to run a piece of coax cable to the RF output port, then connect the power side coaxial cable to the transceiver.
False.
What is true about using a premade fiber-optic pigtail for splicing to patch panels or terminal equipment?
It is faster and more reliable than installing connectors in the field.
What controls the ONU/ONT's transmission; allowing multiple devices to transmit on the same path while preventing collisions from simultaneous transmissions?
TDMA
What is a "tranceiver"?
Term used to refer to the ONU/ONT when describing installation and troubleshooting at the SDU location; also called a mini-node.
In a PON network with cascading optical splitters, special care must be taken with test equipment like an OTDR to ensure what?
That enough dynamic range is built into the device to overcome the losses of the splitter network.
What is the one main function of the Fiber distribution hub/FDH?
The FDH provides effective fiber management by grouping splitters into local serving areas.
In a PON FTTx network, which OSP device contains fiber test points that will minimize service disruption to customers?
The FDH/Fiber distribution hub.
True or false? The splice tray should be secured with your finger while installing the lid.
True.
What is unique about Wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network/WDM-PON?
WDM-PON deployed in a greenfield system allows each subscriber to get their own designated wavelength.
What are the characteristics of ITU-T G.657 BIF/Bend-insensitive fiber?
It is flexible for installation in small spaces and has a small bend radius of 7.5 mm or 10 mm.
What is the main benefit of deploying Wavelength division multiplexing/WDM technology?
It will increase the capacity of the existing fiber networks tenfold without adding any more fiber.
Wavelength-isolating optical power meter is most commonly used in what type of installations?
P2MP FTTx installations.
What is an SDU?
Single dwelling unit/fiber demarcation box; a small, compact box with no digital functionality.
What does it mean when the optical alarm indicator is lit on the transceiver?
The incoming optical signal is poor.
Which Passive optical network/PON element uses patch panels?
The optical distribution network/ODN.
Why is there a higher failure occurrence in overhead cables compared to underground?
There is more cable installed overhead than underground.
What is the purpose of preparing the fiber at the house box by marking it with electrical tape at the 3 foot mark?
To provide a protective barrier around the fiber as well as provide a marker to indicate how far back to strip the fiber coating.
True or false? Electrical interfaces provide two-way communications, both in and out of the ONU/ONT, with the CPE.
True
True or false? The measurement for scoring the fiber tube should be halfway up the splicing tray.
True
True or false? When preparing a jumper, wrap the slack and cut the jumper fiber where it meets the drop fiber.
True