Fundamentals HESI

Which therapeutic communication technique is useful when the nurse and a client have a conversation and the client begins to repeat the conversation to himself or herself? 1 Focusing 2 Clarifying 3 Paraphrasing 4 Summarizing

1 Focusing is a therapeutic communication technique that is useful when clients begin to repeat themselves. Clarification helps to check whether the client's understanding is accurate by restating an unclear or ambiguous message. Paraphrasing involves restating a message more briefly using one's own words. Summarizing is a concise review of key aspects of an interaction.

A child says, "My doll is tired after playing for a long time, and she is resting now." Which characteristic is the child demonstrating? 1 Animism 2 Seriation 3 Egocentrism 4 Object permanence

1 The child who is in the preoperational stage demonstrates animism; the child believes that inanimate objects have life-like thoughts, wishes, and feelings. Egocentrism is a characteristic that is related to seeing objects and persons from only one point of view (one's own), and believing that everyone experiences the world that way. The ability to mentally classify objects according to their quantitative dimensions is known as seriation. Object permanence is the ability to understand that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched.

What information should the registered nurse provide when educating a nursing student about living wills? Select all that apply. 1 Health care workers should always follow the directions of a client's living will. 2 Living wills provide clinically specific instructions that help in dealing with unforeseen circumstances. 3 Clients use living wills to declare any medical procedures they want or do not want when terminally ill. 4 Living wills are written documents that direct the client's treatments in the event of a terminal illness or condition. 5 Living wills allow authorized individuals to make medical decisions on behalf of the client if he or she is unable to do so

1,3,4 2 they are not clinically specific 5 is a power of attorney

risk management methods 1 "If an incident occurs, document in the client's medical record that an occurrence report has been filed." 2 "Ensure that the three principles of The Joint Commission's Universal Protocol are adhered to before starting a surgery on a client." 3 "Refrain from depending on the use of electronic monitoring devices completely because they are not always reliable." 4 "File an occurrence report in case of an error in technique when administering medication intravenously (IV)." 5 "Document that the healthcare provider was contacted, the information that was conveyed, and the response in the occurrence report."

2,3,4 The nurse should ensure that the three principles of the protocol are adhered to before starting surgery. This is done to prevent an incorrect surgery. The nurse should not rely on electronic monitoring devices completely because they are not always reliable. Constant assessment of a client is essential to help document the accuracy of electronic monitoring. The nurse should file an occurrence report in case of an error in technique when administering medication intravenously (IV) to the client. This is done to prevent recurrence of the error and to alert hospital authorities about the situation. The nurse should never document in the client's medical record that an occurrence report has been filed, because this report is confidential and is kept separated from other medical records. The nurse should document that the healthcare provider was contacted, what information was conveyed and the healthcare provider's response. This helps to defend against a lawsuit. However, this information should not be documented in the occurrence report.

A nursing student notes the characteristics of middle-range theories. Which points noted by the nursing student are accurate? Select all that apply. 1 Middle-range theories are systematic and broad in scope and complexity. 2 Middle-range theories provide a basis to help nurses understand how clients cope with uncertainty and the illness response. 3 Middle-range theories do not address a specific phenomenon and do not reflect practices such as administration, clinical, or teaching. 4 Middle-range theories include Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness, which focuses on a client's experiences with cancer while living with continual uncertainty. 5 Middle-range theories tend to focus on a specific field of nursing (such as uncertainty, incontinence, social support, quality of life, and caring) rather than reflect on a wide variety of nursing care situations.

2,4,5 Middle-range theories provide a basis to help nurses understand how clients cope with uncertainty and the illness response. Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness is an example of a middle-range theory; it focuses on a client's experiences with cancer while living with continual uncertainty. Middle-range theories tend to focus on a specific field of nursing (such as uncertainty, incontinence, social support, quality of life, and caring) rather than reflect on a wide variety of nursing care situations. Middle-range theories are more limited in scope and less abstract than grand theories. Middle-range theories address a specific phenomenon and reflect practices such as administration, clinical, or teaching.

How many steps are there in evidence-based practice

6 First, the nurse asks a clinical question and collects the most relevant and best evidence. Next, the gathered evidence is critically appraised. Then, all the evidence is integrated with one's clinical expertise and client preferences to make a decision or change. Finally, the practice decision and changes are evaluated and then the outcomes are shared with other medical staff.

Henderson's Theory

Henderson's theory illustrates that nurses working interdependently with other healthcare workers can best assist the client. "Henderson's theory focuses on assisting an individual." "Henderson's theory defines the role of a nurse in helping a client achieve a peaceful death." "Henderson's theory describes the spiritual domain of an individual." 14 basic needs

A nurse is recollecting Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytical model of personality development. What is the characteristic of the oral stage? 1 "In the oral stage, the infant develops Electra complex feelings." 2 "In the oral stage, the infant realizes that he or she is a separate individual." 3 "In the oral stage, the infant changes the focus to the anal zone for pleasure." 4 "In the oral stage, the infant delays gratification to meet parental and societal expectations."

In the oral stage, the infant realizes that he or she is a separate individual. In the Oedipal stage, the infant develops an Electra complex feeling where the child fantasizes about the parent of the opposite sex as his or her first love interest. In the anal stage, the infant changes the pleasure focus to the anal zone. In the anal stage, the infant delays gratification to meet parental and societal expectations.

Leininger's Theory

Leininger's theory is about transcultural care theory, which explains that caring is the central and unifying domain for nursing knowledge and practice.

Medicaid

Medicaid is a state-operated program that provides long-term care to low-income families and disabled older clients.

"_______'s theory addresses a client's self-care needs."

Orem

Privacy v Confidentiality

Privacy is the right of clients to keep personal information from being disclosed. In the given situation, the nursing student violates the client's privacy by disclosing medical information to outsiders. Confidentiality protects private client information once it has been disclosed in healthcare settings.

T/F babys hands and feet are cyanosed within first 24 hrs

T

A client tells the nurse, "I keep reverting to my old habit of drinking soda, although I have stopped drinking as much." What stage of health behavior change has the client reached? 1 Action stage 2 Preparation stage 3 Maintenance stage 4 Contemplation stage

The client in this situation has reached the action stage of health behavior change. In this stage, old habits may get in the way of new behaviors. In the preparation stage, the client understands that the advantages of the health behavior change outweigh its disadvantages. In this situation, the client has already made changes in health behavior. In the maintenance stage, the client continues the health behavior change indefinitely. In the contemplation stage, the client may be ambivalent but is more ready to accept information regarding health behavior change.

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a client with kidney problems. When ammonia is excreted by healthy kidneys, what mechanism usually is maintained? 1 Osmotic pressure of the blood 2 Acid-base balance of the body 3 Low bacterial levels in the urine 4 Normal red blood cell production

The excreted ammonia combines with hydrogen ions in the glomerular filtrate to form ammonium ions, which are excreted from the body. This mechanism helps rid the body of excess hydrogen, maintaining acid-base balance. Osmotic pressure of the blood and normal red blood cell production are not affected by excretion of ammonia. Ammonia is formed by the decomposition of bacteria in the urine; ammonia excretion is not related to the process and does not control bacterial levels.

How many levels of critical thinking exist for nursing judgment? Record your answer using a whole number. ______

There are three levels of critical thinking in nursing judgment. The first level is basic critical thinking, in which the nurse has faith that the expert has the right answer to each problem. The second level is complex critical thinking. The nurse examines and analyzes information provided by the expert. A nurse engaging in this critical thinking may discover that another option is available with which to solve an issue. The third level of critical thinking is commitment. A nurse at this level can make choices without help from others. The nurse at this level of critical thinking takes full responsibility for every action in which he or she engages.

A nurse checks the patency of the IV catheter before each use as well as the client's tolerance to intermittent intravenous therapy. Which American Nurses Association (ANA) standard of nursing practice has been described in the given scenario? 1 Evaluation 2 Leadership 3 Quality of Practice 4 Environmental Health

When a nurse checks the patency of the catheter before each use as well as the client's tolerance to intermittent intravenous (IV) therapy, this action is an example of evaluation according to the American Nurses Association (ANA) standard of nursing practice. It is not an example of leadership, quality of practice, or environmental health.

Watson's Theory

assisting the clients in attaining health, maintaining health, or dying peacefully. As per Watson's theory, the nurse should comfort and offer compassion and empathy to clients and their families. To promote health, restore the client to health, and prevent illness

Benner and Wrubel

focus on patient's need for caring as a means of coping with stressors of illness

Medicare

his health insurance program is designed for clients 65 years of age and older. There are four parts of Medicare; part A takes care of the medical, surgical, and psychiatric costs.

Roy's Theory

identifies the types of demands placed on the client and helps the client adapt to changes in his or her physiological needs.

The family health system

interactive: family relationships developmental coping: family life stressors and daily hassles integrity: family rituals and health: family care takings and responsibilities

King

interpersonal relationships, communication to help pt adherence

Do we ask why or how questions?

no

Nightinggale

positive environment - pt relationship

Paplou

pt nurse relationship