Fundamentals Intro
Health
State of optimal functioning. Includes physical, social, and mental components and is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Which of the following nursing groups provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing? a)AAN b)The Joint Commission c)ICN d)ANA
d)ANA Explanation: The American Nurses Association (ANA) describes the values and social responsibility of nursing, provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing, discusses nursing's knowledge base, and describes the methods by which nursing is regulated within its Nursing's Social Policy Statement (2003).
A nursing student wants to take up an advanced specialty nursing role. Which of the following roles is included in advanced specialty nursing? a)Nurse midwives are licensed practice nurses. b)Nurse anesthetists can have independent practices. c)Nurse midwives care for women with complicated pregnancies. d)Nurse anesthetists are registered nurses.
d)Nurse anesthetists are registered nurses. Explanation: Nurse anesthetists are registered nurses. Nurse midwives are also registered nurses, but not licensed practice nurses. Nurse midwives care for women with uncomplicated pregnancies, not complicated pregnancies. Nurse anesthetists cannot have independent practices. They work under the supervision of an anesthesiologist.
Nursing Process
-Major guidelines for nursing process. Includes five steps : assessing, diagnosis, planning, implementing, and evaluating. -Integrates both the art and science of nursing . "Nursing made Visible". -Used to identify the patients health care needs and strengths, to establish and carry out a plan to meet those needs and to evaluate the effectiveness of plan and to establish outcomes.
Standards
-Rules or guidelines that allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where health care is given. -They ensure knowledgeable, safe, and comprehensive nursing care.
The need for university-based nursing education programs was brought to light during which important historical time? a)World War II b)Korean War c)World War I d)Spanish American War
a)World War II Explanation: Esther Lucille Brown, in her report on nursing education published at that time, wrote that nursing education belonged in colleges and universities, not in hospitals.
A client admitted to the telemetry floor informs the nurse that he has an advance directive and does not wish to be resuscitated if his heart stops beating. The client takes a copy of the advance directive from his wallet and hands it to the nurse. The nurse documents on the electronic chart that the client has an advance directive, makes a copy of the advance directive, and immediately informs the patient's physician. In this situation, what is the nursing role demonstrated by the nurse? a)Researcher b)Advocate c)Leader d)Counselor
b)Advocate Explanation: The nursing role that focuses on advocacy involves the protection of human or legal rights and the securing of care for all clients, based on the belief that clients have the right to make informed decisions about their own health. In this situation, the nurse recognizes the client's right to make end-of-life decisions and advocates for the client by documenting that the client has an advance directive. The nurse also demonstrates advocacy by communicating this information to the patient's physician.
Which of the following individuals provided community-based care and founded public health nursing? a)Sojourner Truth b)Lillian Wald c)Adelaide Nutting d)Clara Barton
b)Lillian Wald Explanation: Lillian Wald established a neighborhood nursing service for the sick and poor in New York City and is considered the founder of public health nursing. The other choices were important to the development of nursing, but not to public health nursing.
Which of the following organizations is the best source of information when a nurse wishes to determine whether an action is within the scope of nursing practice? a)American Nurses Association (ANA) b)International Council of Nurses (ICN) c)American Association of Colleges in Nursing (AACN) d)National League for Nursing (NLN)
a)American Nurses Association (ANA) Explanation: The ANA produces the 2003 Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, which defines the activities specific and unique to nursing. The AACN addresses educational standards, while the NLN promotes and fosters various aspects of nursing. The ICN provides a venue for national nursing organizations to collaborate, but does not define standards and scope of practice.
The Henry Street Settlement was founded by whom? a)Lillian Wald b)Dorothea Dix c)Florence Nightingale d)Isabel Hampton Robb
a)Lillian Wald Explanation: Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster established the Henry Street Settlement, which was the first public health service for the sick and poor.
Which of the following Standards of Professional Performance, as defined by the ANA, has the nurse considering factors related to safety, effectiveness, cost, and the impact on practice in the planning and delivery of nursing services? a)Leadership b)Quality of Practice c)Resource Utilization d)Practice Evaluation
c)Resource Utilization Explanation: Resource utilization has the nurse considering factors related to safety, effectiveness, cost, and the impact on practice in the planning and delivery of nursing services. Leadership involves the nurse providing leadership in the profession and professional practice setting. Practice evaluation involves the nurse evaluating one's own practice in relation to professional practice standards and guidelines, relevant statutes, and rules and regulations. Quality of practice enhances the quality and effectiveness of nursing practice.
In what time period did nursing care as we now know it begin? a)Early civilization to 16th century b)16th to 17th century c)Pre-civilization d)18th to 19th century
d)18th to 19th century Explanation: From the middle of the 18th century to the 19th century, social reforms changed the roles of nurses and of women in general. It was during this time that nursing as we now know it began, based on the beliefs of Florence Nightingale.
Which organization has established standards that help the nurse determine which clinical actions fall under the scope of nursing practice? a)National League for Nursing b)International Council of Nurses c)State Board of Nursing d)American Nurses Association
d)American Nurses Association Explanation: The American Nurses Association (ANA) has established standards of clinical nursing practice that define the specific and unique activities of nurses. Standards serve as protection for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where health care is given. The other organizations provide valuable services that differ from those of ANA.
A man age 61 years is distraught because he has just learned that his most recent computed tomography (CT) scan shows that his colon cancer has metastasized to his lungs. Which of the following nursing aims should the nurse prioritize in the immediate care of this patient? a)Preventing illness b)Promoting health c)Restoring health d)Facilitating coping
d)Facilitating coping Explanation: This patient's care in the coming weeks or months will likely encompass all of the four foundational roles of the nurse. However, because the patient has just recently received bad news and is emotionally distraught, helping the patient cope is an appropriate priority in his immediate care.
7 Criteria for recognition as a profession
1. Well defined body of specific and unique knowledge 2. Strong service orientation 3. recognized authority
Licensure
Lawful authority to practice nursing in a state or province after successfully meeting requirements.
Nurse Practice Act
-Law established to regulate nursing practice -Laws established in each state that regulate the practice of nursing . The laws are worded broadly and vary in content from state to state but all have CERTAIN ELEMENTS IN COMMON. 1.)protect the public by defining legal scope of nursing practice allowing for trained persons only. 2.)Create a board of nursing or regulatory body. 3.)Defines important terms and activities and nursing including some titles and legalities. 4.) Establish proper criteria for education and licensure
1.)Nursing 2.)Nurse
1.)Profession that focuses on the holistic person receiving health care services and provides a unique contribution to the prevention of illness and maintenance of health. -The ANA defines as " the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. 2.)Originated form the Latin word "nutrix" meaning to nourish. a person who nourishes, fosters, and protects and is prepared to take care of the sick, injured, or aged people.
Reciprocity
Allows a nurse to apply for and be endorsed as a registered nurse by another state other than the one that original licensure was obtained.
Profession
An occupation that meets certain criteria Including : 1.) a well-defined body of specific and unique Knowledge 2.) a code of ethics and standards 3.) ongoing research 4.) autonomy
The Standards of Practice provide nurses with what? a)Guidelines for providing care b)Measurement criteria for payment c)Evaluation of care provided by nurses d)Legislation for health care reform
a)Guidelines for providing care Explanation: Standards of practice are essential because they serve as guidelines for providing and evaluating nursing care.
A nurse has recently completed the administration of seasonal influenza vaccinations for the residents of a long-term care facility. Which of the following aims of nursing has the most clearly demonstrated? a)Preventing illness b)Facilitating coping c)Restoring health d)Promoting health
a)Preventing illness Explanation: Vaccinations are one of the most concrete measures that nurses take to prevent illness in patients, as the antibody production that is induced by vaccination actively prevents the recipient from developing the influenza.
A nurse wishes to advance his or her career and work as a clinical nurse specialist. Which of the following should the nurse keep in mind? a)The nurse may teach advanced education for nurses. b)The nurse practices only with a private practitioner. c)The nurse oversees the care coordination of a group of clients. d)This requires at least a doctoral degree education.
a)The nurse may teach advanced education for nurses. Explanation: A clinical nurse specialist may offer advanced education for nurses. A clinical nurse leader, not a clinical nurse specialist, oversees the care coordination of a specific group of clients. A career as a clinical nurse specialist requires at least a master's degree in nursing, not a doctoral degree. Clinical nurse specialists do not practice with private practitioners only. They can work in hospitals and community health agencies, too.
Although all of the following are nursing responsibilities, which one would be expected of a nurse with a baccalaureate degree? a)Using research findings to improve practice b)Collaborating with other health care providers c)Administering medications as prescribed d)Providing direct physical care
a)Using research findings to improve practice Explanation: Nurses with baccalaureate degrees are expected to use research findings to improve practice. Graduates from vocational, diploma, and associate degree programs do not have coursework in nursing research and are not expected to independently use it in clinical practice. Nurses from all levels of education provide direct care, administer medications, and collaborate with other health care providers.
Which of the following nursing actions best exemplifies the nurse's role in promoting health? a)Administering a beta-adrenergic blocker and diuretic to a client who has a history of hypertension. b)Encouraging a group of junior high school students to engage in regular physical activity. c)Performing deep suctioning on a client who has a tracheotomy and copious secretions. d)Facilitating a support group for the friends and families of clients affected by stroke.
b)Encouraging a group of junior high school students to engage in regular physical activity. Explanation: Health promotion involves encouraging individuals to be proactive in taking measures to foster their well-being and maximize optimal functioning. Exercise is one of the most common, and accessible, activities that can help achieve this. Support groups often focus on coping, while treating hypertension pharmacologically, and removing secretions that can threaten oxygenation, help to restore health and prevent illness.
Which of the following national nursing organizations serves as a primary source of research data about nursing education, and is the professional organization for nurse educators? a)American Nurses Association (ANA) b)National League for Nursing (NLN) c)Sigma Theta Tau International d)American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
b)National League for Nursing (NLN) Explanation: The NLN serves as the primary source of research data about nursing education, conducting annual surveys of schools and new RNs. The NLN's objective is to foster the development and improvement of nursing services and nursing education, and it serves as the professional nursing organization for nurse educators. The ANA is the professional organization for RNs in the United States, and it establishes standards of practice, encourages research to advance nursing practice, and represents nursing for legislative actions. Sigma Theta Tau International is the honor society for nursing. AACN is the national voice for baccalaureate and higher-degree nursing education programs and provides accreditation for collegiate nursing programs.
A registered nurse wishes to work as a nurse researcher. Which of the following is true regarding nurse researchers? a)They usually have a baccalaureate degree in nursing. b)They are responsible for the continued development and advancement of nursing. c)They serve as liaisons between staff members and directors of nursing. d)They tend to work in community health centers and long-term care units.
b)They are responsible for the continued development and advancement of nursing. Explanation: Nurse researchers are responsible for the continued development and refinement of nursing. They usually have advanced education in addition to a baccalaureate degree in nursing. Nurse administrators, not nurse researchers, serve as liaisons between staff members and directors of nursing. Nurse researchers tend to work in large teaching hospitals, research centers, and academic institutions, not community health centers and long-term care units.
Which of the following is a characteristic of nursing practiced from early civilization to the 16th century? a)The nurse was a nun committed to caring for the needy and homeless. b)The physician was the priest who treated disease with prayer. c)Most early civilizations believed that illness had supernatural causes. d)Nursing changed from a spiritual focus to an emphasis on knowledge expansion
c)Most early civilizations believed that illness had supernatural causes. Explanation: Most early civilizations believed that illness had supernatural causes. The physician was the medicine man who treated disease by chanting, inspiring fear, or opening the skull to release evil spirits (Dolan, Fitzpatrick, & Herrmann, 1983). The nurse usually was the mother who cared for her family during sickness by providing physical care and herbal remedies. As civilizations grew, temples became the centers of medical care because of the belief that illness was caused by sin and the gods' displeasure.
A group of nursing students has attended a presentation about the National Student Nurses' Association (NSNA). Which statement by the group indicates that they have understood the information presented? a)The NSNA is run by a group of registered nurses. b)The NSNA contributes to the improvement of public health. c)The organization provides programs of current professional interest. d)The organization is funded by the national government.
c)The organization provides programs of current professional interest. Explanation: The National Student Nurses' Association provides programs of current professional interest. It is not run by a group of registered nurses, but by nursing students themselves. It is student-funded, not funded by the national government. The Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education, not the National Student Nurses' Association, contributes to the improvement of public health.
Why are nursing organizations important for the continued development and improvement of nursing as a whole? a)To regulate work activities for members b)To provide information to nurses about legal requirements c)To set standards for nursing education and practice d)To provide socialization and networking for members
c)To set standards for nursing education and practice Explanation: Professional organizations set educational and practice standards for nursing education and practice. They also are concerned with current issues in nursing and health care, and influence health care policy and legislation. Although professional organizations may provide outlets for networking, regulate work activities, and provide information about legal requirements, setting standards for education and practice is a primary focus.
What was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession in the United States after the Civil War? a)Hospital-based schools of nursing b)Lack of influence from nursing leaders c)Independence of nursing orders d)Lack of educational standards
d)Lack of educational standards Explanation: A lack of educational standards was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession after the Civil War. Other barriers included a male dominance of health care and the pervading belief that women were dependent on men. The location of nursing schools, a lack of influence from nursing leaders, and independent nursing orders were not barriers to the development of the nursing profession after the Civil War.
The client's plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice? a)Nurse practice act b)ANA Standards of Nursing Practice c)Nursing's Social Policy Statement d)Nursing process
d)Nursing process Explanation: Nursing process is used to identify the client's strengths, limitations, and health care needs, to formulate a plan of care to address the health care needs, to implement that plan of care, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to achieve established outcomes. The ANA Standards of Nursing Practice defines the activities of nurses that are specific and unique to nursing. Nurse practice acts are laws established by each state to regulate the practice of nursing. Nursing's Social Policy Statement describes the values and social responsibility of nursing, provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing and nursing's knowledge base, as well as the methods by which nursing is regulated