Fundamentals of Nursing: Chapter 2 Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice

A nurse is planning to conduct a nursing research study and is seeking federal funding. Which institution would be most helpful for the nurse to contact regarding acquiring funding?

National Institute of Nursing Research

A group of concepts that follow an understandable pattern makes up a ____________ framework or model.

conceptual

Adaptation theory outlines the process of growth and development of humans as orderly and predictable.

false

Traditional knowledge comes from an expert and is accepted as truth based on the person's perceived expertise.

false

One of the primary reasons for conducting nursing research is to:

generate knowledge to guide practice.

Phenomenology is a type of ______________ research that describes experiences as they are lived by the subjects being studied.

qualitative

What type of research study would a hospital conduct to explore clients' and families' perceptions of receiving care?

qualitative

Nursing ______ differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in that it serves the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices.

theory

Nursing care activities that are supported by valid and reliable research is known as evidence-based practice.

true

Quantitative research involves the concepts of basic and applied research.

true

The method by which one examines a general idea and then considers specific actions or ideas is known as deductive reasoning.

true

A nurse who works in a pediatric practice assesses the developmental level of children of various ages to determine their psychosocial development. These assessments are based on the work of:

Erikson

A nurse researcher must decide on the method for conducting the research. The researcher that plans to emphasize collection of numerical data and analysis would select which method of research?

Quantitative research Quantitative research utilizes numerical values and statistical analysis of data. Basic research is utilized to generate or refine theory. Applied research is utilized for its application in clinical practice. The stem of the question did not provide information as to the application of the study. Qualitative research utilizes words or narrative for data rather than numbers.

A parent has brought a 6-year-old child into the clinic. The parent is concerned that the child does not seem to skip as well as the other children in the child's class. In planning assessments and care for this child, the nurse would be best served by choosing which theory as a foundation for decision making?

developmental theory

Which is a focus of medical research rather than nursing research? Prevention of trauma Drug metabolism Promotion of recovery Health appraisal

drug metabolism

Which activity best helps the nurse apply theory to practice?

Evidence-based research Evidence-based research is translational research that forms the bridge between theory and practice. Theory development is how desirable change in society is best achieved. Client-focused care is care provided to a client that maintains the client as a functional component of healthcare team. Case management is when care is provided to an individual client by a healthcare provider.

A nurse develops the following foreground question using the PICOT format in preparation for a research study: "In overweight clients, how do chromium supplements compared to no supplements help with weight loss?" Which part of the question reflects the intervention?

Chromium supplements

What nursing activity forms the bridge between theory and practice?

Evidence-based research Evidence-based research is translational research that forms the bridge between theory and practice. Theoretical writing focuses on theory. Client-focused care and case management are focused on practice.

The focus of nursing is always on which of the four common concepts in nursing theory?

Person All of these concepts are important in nursing theory; however, the focus of nursing is on the person (client).

A novice nurse is sharing a newly published research article which outlines a different approach in preventing a wound infection after surgery with a colleague and states the nurse is going to try this new method. Which is the best response from the colleague? -Help share the information with other staff members so all can use the new technique. -Suggest they conduct their own research to determine if it will work with their clients. -Wait until the method is analyzed to ensure it will be appropriate for their clients. -Agree the method should be used immediately with their own clients.

Wait until the method is analyzed to ensure it will be appropriate for their clients.

Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and:

use of outcome studies to guide decisions.

To ensure that a research study is ethical, a nurse researcher must observe which human rights for participants? Select all that apply.

Self-determinism Privacy Anonymity Fair treatment

A nurse is preparing to conduct a research study and uses the PICO format to develop the foreground question which is: "In adults, does reducing salt intake, compared to no change in salt intake, lower blood pressure?" The nurse identifies the "P" as:

Adults Using the PICO format, "P" refers to the population, which in this case is adults. "I" refers to the intervention, which is reducing salt intake. "C" refers to comparison, which is no change in salt intake. "O" refers to the outcome, which would be lower blood pressure.

A community health nurse has been visiting a diabetic client whose morning fasting glucose levels are constantly elevated. Upon further assessment, the nurse determines that the client's spouse does not understand how to prepare meals following the prescribed diabetic diet. Using Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory, how can the nurse help meet the needs of this client?

Arrange an evaluation appointment with a dietitian.

Which is true of concepts? Concepts describe objects, properties, and events and the relationships among them. Concepts are derived through deductive and inductive reasoning. Concepts provide a means of testing knowledge. Concepts differentiate nursing from other disciplines.

Concepts describe objects, properties, and events and the relationships among them.

Which activity best helps the nurse apply theory to practice?

Evidence-based research

Who is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment?

Florence Nightingale

A nursing theorist examines a hospital environment by studying each ward and how it works individually, and then relates this information to the hospital as a whole working entity. This is an example of the use of which theory?

General Systems Theory

Which theory emphasizes the relationships between the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave?

General Systems Theory

Four concepts common in nursing theory are the person, the environment,_____________, and nursing.

Health

What is the best explanation for the way evidence-based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered?

Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care.

Which theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice?

Nursing theory Nursing theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice. Systems theory describes how parts interact together. Adaptation theory describes adjustment of living things to other living things and the environment. Developmental theory describes maturation of humans through stages.

A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin breakdown. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which element will the "O" in the team's PICO question refer to?

Preventing skin breakdown

A nurse researcher develops a foreground question in preparation for conducting a research study. The question is: "In clients with intravenous catheters, how does replacing administration sets every 72 hours (h) compared with other frequent intervals (24h, 48h, or 96h) decrease infection rates?" Applying the PICO framework, which part of the statement reflects the "O"?

Decrease infection rates

A nurse providing care has a personal philosophy that nursing interventions should be instituted for clients when the clients demonstrate ineffective adaptive responses. This nurse's philosophy is based on the theory of:

Sister Callista Roy

A nurse working in a long-established hospital learned a specific approach to administering intravenous injections from the previous generation of nurses at the hospital. This is an example of which type of knowledge?

Traditional knowledge

A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "My grandmother always told me that I needed to include beans in my diet so that my muscles would grow." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?

Traditional knowledge Traditional knowledge is known as knowledge that is passed down from one generation to the next. A grandmother passing information is an example of traditional knowledge. Authoritative knowledge is information that is gleaned from an expert based on their perceived experience. Scientific knowledge is derived through the scientific method. Philosophy is the study of wisdom and one perceptions of life.

Theories that address nursing interventions and the consequences of those interventions are called _____________; they are designed to promote, control, and change clinical nursing practice.

prescriptive