G Psych - Midterm: Julia Dunn (M class)

Marcie is driving Adam to the airport. Adam is telling Marcie about some financial difficulties he is having. Periodically, he asks Marcie for her opinion. According to the textbook, attending to the conversation may decrease activity in the areas of Marcie's brain critical for safe driving by nearly _____ percent.

40

It is not until age _____ that most women and at least half of men experience a drop in sexual desire.

75

Milton has been having considerable trouble with his short-term memory. His family has noticed a number of mistakes Milton has been making, such as leaving doors unlocked, getting lost in the neighborhood, and forgetting family members' names. It appears that his _____-producing neurons are deteriorating.

ACh

Dr. Han is examining the impact of parents separating from their children on the children's academic performance. He defines parental separation as no contact between the child and parent for a period of six months or more. Academic performance is being measured using students' grade point average and end-of-year grades. Dr. Han believes that if the children have experienced parental separation that they will perform poorly in school. Which of these is Dr. Han's hypothesis?

Children who experience parental separation will perform poorly in school.

_____ was one of the first psychologists to describe adolescence.

G. Stanley Hall

performed trail-blazing split-brain studies.

Michael Gazzaniga

If one studies through the night and does not sleep to prepare for an exam, how is this likely to affect one's ability to remember material the next day during the exam?

One will remember less than if one slept.

_____ cortex is to the parietal lobe as motor cortex is to the _____ lobe.

Somatosensory; frontal

In a social psychology experiment, one group of participants is reminded of a social stereotype they are likely to hold; another is not reminded. All participants then interact with a member of the stereotyped group, and the nature of their interactions is recorded. Which statement is true?

The reminded group receives the treatment and is the experimental group.

Which teenage girl do you think might be MOST at risk for drug abuse?

a 15-year-old girl who has a history of physical abuse and depression

Anna was adopted at birth and thinks that she benefited a great deal from being adopted rather than being raised by her birth mother. She noted that her adoptive parents, typical of most adoptive parents, were able to give her many things EXCEPT:

a genetic advantage.

Luther was born with one kidney. This variation in an inherited trait is MOST likely caused by:

a mutation.

The _____ glands are endocrine glands that play an important role in helping us respond to stress.

adrenal

A person who has difficulty recognizing emotional responses in others following a head injury most likely suffered damage to the _____ in the limbic system.

amygdala

Brain activity results in telltale electrical signals that can be detected by:

an electroencephalogram (EEG).

People who suffer from schizophrenia have, among other things, an excess of dopamine. Therefore, medications used to treat this disorder are dopamine _____.

antagonists

Sharon's father demands total obedience from his children. When he speaks, he expects his children to listen. There is no discussion and no arguing. He has zero tolerance for anyone breaking the rules he has decreed. Sharon's father has a(n) _____ parenting style. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

authoritarian

Maura and Trish are eighth graders who have been caught smoking. Maura's parents yell at her, ground her for a month, and take away her television and internet privileges for 2 months. Trish's parents talk to her about their disappointment and concern; additionally, they make her spend every afternoon for a week at the library researching the dangers of smoking and discussing her findings with them each night at dinner. With respect to Baumrind's parenting styles, Maura's parents are MOST likely _____ and Trish's are MOST likely _____.

authoritarian; authoritative

Which example demonstrates that learning has occurred?

avoiding speeding in an area where one received a ticket previously

The field of psychology is a collection of diverse subfields. Psychologists who conduct _____ research contribute by expanding the knowledge base of psychology; those who conduct applied research explore practical problems.

basic

A researcher who focuses on links between brain and mind is a _____ psychologist.

biological

Because of cataracts, a neighbor was deprived of visual experiences during early childhood. Last year, her vision was restored by surgery but she is having difficulty in dealing with the visual world. This is probably because:

brain cells normally devoted to vision died or were diverted to other uses.

Person-who reasoning (for example, "But I know a person who . . .") is often used to counter conclusions drawn from statistical analyses of human behavior more generally. Although vivid personal anecdotes are easily remembered, they may reflect atypical examples, illustrating an important limitation of research using:

case studies.

After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth, coordinated manner. It is likely that she has suffered damage to her _____.

cerebellum

In grade school, Jessica thought boys had cooties and refused to be within inches of them. Now in high school, she flirts with boys and is anticipating dancing close with some of them at an upcoming dance. Her attitude toward boys represents the _____ side of the _____ developmental issue.

change; stability and change

Lightning is associated with thunder and regularly precedes it. Thus, when people see lightning, they often anticipate that they will hear thunder soon afterward. This is an example of _____ conditioning.

classical

A researcher who focuses on memory, perception, and problem solving is a _____ psychologist.

cognitive

Dr. Maida examines the brain activity that accompanies mathematical problem solving. Dr. Maida is BEST described as a(n):

cognitive neuroscientist.

A local news program reports that, "Sixty-eight percent of our viewers think a property tax hike is a good idea." Teddy accepts this conclusion and does not wonder whether it is justified by the evidence. For example, he fails to think about the fact that only about 3000 text messages have been received, but the program probably has tens of thousands of viewers. Teddy is NOT demonstrating _____ thinking.

critical

A local news program reports that, "Sixty-eight percent of our viewers think a property tax hike is a good idea." Because only 3000 people out of the thousands who watch the program sent texts in response to their survey, Sarah wonders whether the evidence justified this conclusion. Sarah is demonstrating:

critical thinking.

In an industrial research laboratory, Drs. French and Heinz are conducting an experiment on the effects of sugar on consumers' perception of condiment flavor. Participants are randomly assigned to a sugar-sweetened, reduced-sugar, or sugar-free group. Participants then rate condiment flavor on a variety of scales. In this experiment, flavor perception is the _____ variable.

dependent

Dr. Matsuko's major research interest is the long-term effects of child-raising practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring. It is MOST likely that Dr. Matsuko is a _____ psychologist.

developmental

Danielle is consulting her college's course catalog. The description of one psychology course begins, "This course surveys growth and change across the life span in physical, cognitive, and social domains." This course is MOST likely:

developmental psychology.

Deirdre is a fussy baby. She does not seem to eat or sleep on a fixed schedule. She is extremely active, and she gets upset easily. Deirdre likely has a(n) _____ temperament.

difficult

When Marcia goes into the bedroom to check on the child she is babysitting, she observes that his eyes are rapidly moving back and forth under his eyelids. The child is also lying very still. It is likely that he is:

dreaming.

Dr. Destri argues that sleep functions to conserve energy during periods in which hunting and gathering would be dangerous or unproductive. Dr. Destri's views reflect the _____ perspective in psychology.

evolutionary

Obi always gives his cats treats before he goes to work each morning. When he is gathering the things he takes to work, his cats begin to circle around him and cry. Robert Rescorla and Allan Wagner would say this is occurring because Obi's cats have developed a(n) _____ for the treats.

expectation

Maria had a stroke last year. Although she can remember many things from her childhood, she is unable to remember what she just ate for breakfast. It is MOST likely that the stroke caused damage to her _____lobes.

frontal

Lester is 59. He has just celebrated his twenty-fifth anniversary at his company. He feels that his gold watch is just a meaningless trinket and is glad that he balanced his work with family life. According to Erik Erikson, Lester is in the stage of development called _____ versus stagnation.

generativity

Olivia is 46. She has the intense desire to create a mentoring program at her company. According to Erik Erikson, she is likely experiencing _____.

generativity

Laurel loses interest in a new song after it is played frequently on her favorite music-streaming station. Laurel's experience BEST illustrates:

habituation.

Dr. Paul studies states of consciousness that are physiologically induced, such as:

hallucinations.

The reminded group receives the treatment and is the experimental group.

hindsight

Roger believes that he has extrasensory perception. He predicts that he will be able to correctly guess heads or tails at least 85 times out of 100 coin flips. This prediction is a(n):

hypothesis.

The results of Jasper's study for his dissertation showed that 200 mg of experimental Drug R had a minimal-to-modest effect in reducing the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). He decided to revise his original hypothesis by increasing the dosage to 300 mg to reduce GAD symptoms by 25 percent. This increase in Drug R is a manipulation of the _____ variable.

independent

Dr. Garcia is researching the function of dreams in memory retention. He believes that dreams helps one sort out the day's events and consolidate one's memories. Dr. Garcia is probably a proponent of the _____ of dreams.

information-processing theory

Juan is taking advanced placement chemistry in high school because he loves science and is fascinated by chemistry experimentation. David is taking advanced placement chemistry because his guidance counselor told him he had to if he intended to apply to a premed program at a competitive university. Unlike David, Juan is motivated by _____ motivation.

intrinsic

If a parent wants to increase the amount of enjoyment and time a child reads books as opposed to playing video games, the parent will need to increase the _____ for reading. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

intrinsic motivation

Research with split-brain patients led Michael Gazzaniga to conclude that the _____ typically constructs the theories people offer to explain their own behaviors.

left cerebral hemisphere

To assess whether sense of humor is affected by violent imagery, researchers exposed married couples to either violent or nonviolent movie scenes prior to watching a comedy skit. In this research, the independent variable consisted of:

level of violence shown.

A 47-year-old male is in a life stage known as _____ adulthood.

middle

Marlee has just been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. As the disease progresses, communication to some of her muscles may slow down and she could lose some muscle control as a result of the degeneration of the _____ sheath.

myelin

A researcher develops a self-report questionnaire assessing "morningness." High scores indicate the tendency toward being a lark, or morning person, whereas low scores indicate the tendency toward being a night owl. Based on the textbook's discussion, the researcher should find a _____ correlation between scores on this measure and scores on a measure of the Big Five trait of openness, and a ______ correlation between scores on this measure and scores on a measure of the Big Five trait of conscientiousness.

negative; positive

Four-year-old Mia watched her mother sing while she was brushing her hair. The next day, Mia's mother saw Mia singing while brushing her dog. Mia acquired the behavior through _____ learning.

observational

Ralph was involved in a bar fight and sustained a blow to the back of the head from a beer bottle. He was dazed and could not see for about two minutes. Which lobe was affected?

occipital

Sex hormones are released by the testes in males and the _____ in females.

ovaries

Which technique exposes people to radioactive materials?.

positron emission tomography (PET)

The term _____ is used to describe a culture where people's emotions and personal beliefs often override their acceptance of objective facts.

post-truth

Chemicals that change perceptions and moods through their actions at the neural synapses are referred to as _____ drugs.

psychoactive

Whenever Tamika tries to talk on the telephone, her 10-year-old son Jamal repeatedly interrupts her. If Tamika wants to use operant conditioning principles to successfully alleviate the behavior, the MOST efficient response would be to:

reward Jamal for not interrupting her during a phone call.

Three-year-old Ross happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room while his mother is in the room. However, if she briefly leaves and then returns, he will return periodically to her side for brief moments. Ross MOST clearly displays signs of _____ attachment.

secure

Gerri ignores the sound of the television to focus on a telephone conversation. Gerri's experience BEST illustrates:

selective attention.

Dr. Randolph studies states of consciousness that are psychologically induced, such as:

sensory deprivation.

Jane had leukemia as a child and had to undergo numerous bouts of chemotherapy. She had grown to associate the waiting room with nausea. Now 35 years old, she had to take her mother to the same hospital for breast cancer treatment. She became nauseous while in the waiting room with her mother. Her nausea BEST illustrates:

spontaneous recovery.

Dr. Babineaux asks a sample of 8-year-old children to complete measures of several personality traits. When the same children are 16 years old, she asks them to complete measures of the same traits. Dr. Babineaux then computes correlations between the two sets of measures. Her results are MOST relevant to the _____issues.

stability and change

Margaret suffered from a stroke over six months ago. She lost the ability to recognize faces and the ability to move her left arm and leg. She went through physical therapy to regain the use of her left arm and leg. While she is now able to walk with the use of a cane and can do many things with her left arm, she still has problems recognizing faces and is often unable to recognize her own children and grandchildren. Her stroke most likely impacted her right _____ lobe.

temporal

Charlene is in charge of hiring the social director for a cruise ship. She wants to pick someone who is very outgoing, but she only has information about the siblings of the potential candidates. Given what is known about the genetic transmission of extraversion, which candidate should she choose?

the candidate whose identical twin is outgoing

When Mandy was born, her parents worried about her lack of eye contact, her unwillingness to cuddle like other babies, and her withdrawn behavior. However, her parents were patient and slowly introduced Mandy to new situations and new people while always providing affectionate support. By the time Mandy was 2 years old, she blossomed into an outgoing, social, friendly child. This example serves as evidence of the importance of:

the interaction between genes and environment.

Ever since she foolishly drank too much tequila at a rock concert and vomited all over her best friend, Erin becomes nauseous at the smell or taste of tequila. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is _____ and the conditioned response is _____.

the smell or taste of tequila; nausea

The need to increase the amount of a drug to achieve the same effects is referred to as:

tolerance.

Positron emission tomography (PET):

uses radioactive tracers in the blood to reveal brain activity.

For professional baseball players, swinging at a pitched ball is reinforced with a home run on a _____schedule.

variable-ratio

A researcher is LEAST likely to find a positive correlation between freshman grade point average (GPA) and:

weekly alcohol consumption.

Jose is trying to quit smoking. A withdrawal symptom that he would NOT experience is:

weight loss.

The experience of physical pain following discontinued use of a psychoactive drug BEST illustrates _____.

withdrawal