Gastrointestinal HW Ch. 26

Gastric secretion is increased in all three phases (cephalic, gastric, intestinal) True OR False

False

True or False: The enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the formation of bicarbonate from carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

False

True or False: The first step in the formation of hydrochloric acid is the active transport of carbon dioxide into the parietal cells.

False

True or False: The liver lobule is the same as a hepatocyte.

False

True or False: When Chyme enters the duodenum, gastric secretion increases.

False

True or False: Gastrin functions to increase the production of HCl in the stomach.

True

True or False: In the parietal cell, carbonic acid dissociates into a bicarbonate ion and a hydrogen ion.

True

True or false: Mass movements of the colon propel its contents toward the rectum.

True

In the parietal cells, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase causes a reaction between a. carbon dioxide and water b. carbonic acid and water c. bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions d. hydrogen ions and potassium ions e. hydrogen ions and chloride ions

a.

Mass movements of the colon are integrated by a. the enteric plexus b. parasympathetic reflexes c. local reflexes d. the enteric plexus and parasympathetic reflexes e. parasympathetic reflexes and local reflexes

a.

Secretin is released from the duodenum in response to a. hydrochloric acid in chyme b. sodium hydroxide in chyme c. the hormone gastrin d. partially digested protein e. partially digested carbohydrate

a.

Structurally, the human liver is divided into how many lobes? a. four b. five c. three d. two

a.

The ion exchange protein in the plasma membrane of parietal cell exchanges ____ ions going out for ____ ions coming in. a. bicarbonate; chloride b. bicarbonate; potassium c. bicarbonate; hydrogen d. potassium; bicarbonate e. chloride; bicarbonate

a.

What are the three phases of gastric secretion? a. cephalic, gastric and intestinal b. cephalic, gastric, and duodenal c. cephalic, gastrointestinal, and eliminatory d. pyloric, gastric, and duodenal

a.

What organ produces bile? a. liver b. small intestine c. pancreas d. stomach

a.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system? a. production of ATP b. waste elimination c. mechanical digestion d. nutrient absorption

a.

Which two fetal remnants are found on the liver? a. the round ligament and the ligamentum venosum b. the round ligament and the urachus c. the urachus and the ligamentum venosum d. the round ligament and the gallbladder

a.

Bile from the liver and digestive juices from the pancreas enter which section of the small intestine? a. ilium b. duodenum c. jejunum d. cecum

b.

Digestion begins in the a. small intestine b. mouth c. esophagus d. stomach

b.

During digestion, the major site of nutrient absorption is the a. large intestine b. small intestine c. pancreas d. stomach

b.

Gastric secretion during the intestinal phase is inhibited by the presence of a. lipids of high pH b. lipids or low pH c. proteins or low pH d. proteins or high pH

b.

Hydrochloric acid is secreted in the a. esophagus b. stomach c. small intestine d. large intestine

b.

The process of moving a bolus through the GI tract as a result of involuntary muscle contractions is referred to as a. mastication b. peristalsis c. defecation d. chyme

b.

A portal triad consists of which three structures? a. branches of the porta hepatis and bile ductule b. branches of the hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and hepatic nerve c. branches of a hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and bile ductule d. branches of a hepatic artery, central vein, and bile ductule

c.

Functions of the stomach include a. mechanical digestion only b. chemical digestion and absorption of proteins c. chemical and mechanical digestion d. chemical digestion only

c.

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the a. esophagus b. stomach c. small intestine d. large intestine

c.

The stomach is located in which abdominal quadrant? a. right upper b. right lower c. left upper d. left lower

c.

Which of the following enzymes is produced by the stomach? a. insulin b. secretin c. pepsin d. trypsin e. chymotrypsin

c.

Which of the following is NOT secreted by the stomach to aid in digestion? a. pepsinogen b. hydrochloric acid c. bile d. regulatory hormones

c.

Which region of the stomach is continuous with the esophagus? a. body b. fundus c. cardiac region d. pyloric region

c.

____ ions are actively transported into the gastric gland duct, in exchange for _____ ions, which enter the parietal cells. a. potassium; hydrogen b. potassium; chloride c. hydrogen; potassium d. hydrogen; chloride e. chloride; potassium

c.

Basic functions of the liver include a. secretion and detoxification only b. storage and detoxification only c. secretion, storage, and chemical digestion d. secretion, storage, and detoxification

d.

From external to internal, what is the correct order of layers of the stomach? a. serosa, muscularis, mucosa, submucosa b. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa c. mucosa, serosa, submucosa, muscularis d. serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa

d.

Hydrochloric acid is formed when hydrogen ions and chloride ions join in the a. parietal cell cytoplasm b. parietal cell nucleus c. stomach lumen d. duct of the gastric gland

d.

Mass movements in the colon are stimulated by a. food in the stomach b. chyme in the duodenum c. feces in the rectum d. food in the stomach and chyme in the duodenum e. food in the stomach, chyme in the duodenum, and feces in the rectum

d.

The hydrogen ions used to form hydrochloric acid in the stomach are derived from a. chloric acid b. citric acid c. carboxylic acid d. carbonic acid e. carbalcoholic acid

d.

Which cell of the gastric glands produces pepsinogen? a. parietal cell b. gastric cell c. enteroendocrine cell d. chief cell

d.

Which of the following does NOT stimulate the secretion of HCl in the stomach? a. smell of food b. taste of food c. distention of the stomach as it fills with food d. secretin

d.

Which of the following is the correct order for the major parts of the GI tract? a. esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, mouth b. mouth, stomach, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine c. mouth, small intestine, stomach, esophagus, large intestine d. mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

d.

Which of the following might stimulate the cephalic phase of gastric secretion? a. the production and secretion of gastrin b. stomach distention c. the production of saliva d. the thought of food

d.

Which phase(s) of gastric secretion is (are) regulated by the medulla oblongata? a. only the cephalic and intestinal phases are regulated by the medulla oblongata b. only the cephalic phase is regulated by the medulla oblongata c. only the cephalic and gastric phases are regulated by the medulla oblongata d. all three phases are regulated by the medulla oblongata

d.

Defecation is stimulated by a. the enteric plexus b. parasympathetic reflexes c. local reflexes d. the enteric plexus and parasympathetic reflexes e. parasympathetic reflexes and local reflexes

e.

True or False: the carbonic acid ion is joined to a hydrogen ion by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase

false

True or False: Defecation reflexes are stimulated by the presence of feces in the rectum.

true

True or false: Smokers have an increased risk of developing Crohn's disease. This statement is:

true