Gastrointestinal

Which medication should the nurse question when it is prescribed for a client with acute pancreatitis? 1. Ranitidine (Zantac) 2. Cimetidine (Tagamet) 3. Meperidine (Demerol) 4. Promethazine HCl (Phenergan)

3. Meperidine (Demerol)

A client is being discharged after an acute episode of hepatitis. The nurse expects the primary health care provider to prescribe which type of diet for this client? 1. Low calorie, high protein, low carbohydrate, low fat 2. High calorie, low protein, high carbohydrate, high fat 3. Low calorie, low protein, low carbohydrate, moderate fat 4. High calorie, high protein, high carbohydrate, moderate fat

4. High calorie, high protein, high carbohydrate, moderate fat

A primary health care provider prescribes three stool specimens for occult blood for a client who complains of blood-streaked stools and a 10-pound weight loss in one month. To ensure valid test results, the nurse should instruct the client to: 1. Avoid eating red meat before testing 2. Test the specimen while it is still warm 3. Discard the day's first stool and use the next three stools 4. Take three specimens from different sections of the fecal sample

1. Avoid eating red meat before testing

A client is diagnosed with Crohn's disease, and parenteral vitamins are prescribed. The client asks why the vitamins have to be given intravenously (IV) rather than by mouth. What rationales for this route should the nurse include in a response to the question? (Select all that apply.) 1. More rapid action results. 2. They are ineffective orally. 3. They decrease colon irritability. 4. Intestinal absorption may be inadequate. 5. Allergic responses are less likely to occur.

1. More rapid action results. 2. They are ineffective orally. 4. Intestinal absorption may be inadequate.

A client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) receives a prescription for an H2 receptor antagonist. Which medications are within the classification of an H2 receptor antagonist? (Select all that apply.) 1. Nizatidine (Axid) 2. Ranitidine (Zantac) 3. Famotidine (Pepcid) 4. Lansoprazole (Prevacid) 5. Metoclopramide (Reglan)

1. Nizatidine (Axid) 2. Ranitidine (Zantac) 3. Famotidine (Pepcid)

A client is admitted with dehydration. Which findings should the nurse expect the client to exhibit? (Select all that apply.) 1. Rapid, thready pulse 2. Increased skin turgor 3. Decreased hematocrit 4. Elevated specific gravity 5. Adventitious breath sounds

1. Rapid, thready pulse 4. Elevated specific gravity

A client is recovering from an acute episode of alcoholism that included esophageal involvement. What are the components of a therapeutic diet that are most appropriate for the nurse to include in the teaching plan for this client? (Select all that apply.) 1. Soft diet 2. Regular diet 3. Low protein diet 4. High protein diet 5. Low carbohydrate diet 6. High carbohydrate diet

1. Soft diet 4. High protein diet 6. High carbohydrate diet

A nurse is teaching a client who has pancreatitis about dietary restrictions. What should the education include? 1. Use unsaturated fats 2. Season foods sparingly 3. Eat small meals frequently 4. Limit coffee to three cups per day

3. Eat small meals frequently

Discharge teaching for a client with hypercholesterolemia includes nutritional instructions for a diet low in saturated fat. Which items included by the client on a list of foods to avoid supports the nurse's conclusion that teaching has been effective? 1. High fiber foods 2. Canned vegetables 3. Citrus fruits and juices 4. Whole milk and hard cheeses

4. Whole milk and hard cheeses

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The nurse should monitor the client for which complications? (Select all that apply.) 1. Phlebitis 2. Infection 3. Hepatitis 4. Anorexia 5. Dysrhythmias

1. Phlebitis 2. Infection

A client is admitted to the hospital with a history of cancer of the liver and jaundice. In relation to the jaundice, the nurse expects the client to report the presence of: 1. Pruritus 2. Diarrhea 3. Blurred vision 4. Bleeding gums

1. Pruritus

A nurse educator of a college health course is discussing tattoos with the class. Which type of hepatitis associated with tattoos should the nurse include in the teaching plan? 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. E

2. C **hepatitis C is a bloodborne pathogen that can be transmitted via contaminated tattoo needles. Hepatitis A is not a bloodborne pathogen; it is spread through contaminated food or water. Although hepatitis D is a bloodborne pathogen, it can be produced only when the hepatitis B virus is present. Also, hepatitis D is not the main virus associated with contaminated tattoo needles. Hepatitis E is believed to be transmitted via the fecal-oral route; it is spread through contaminated food or water.

A nurse is preparing to administer a nasogastric tube feeding. List the steps of the procedure in the order in which they should be performed. 1. Instill the prescribed solution. 2. Wash the hands. 3. Aspirate the contents of the stomach. 4. Document the client's response to the procedure. 5. Verify the solution to be administered.

Wash the hands. Verify the solution to be administered. Aspirate the contents of the stomach. Instill the prescribed solution. Document the client's response to the procedure.

What therapeutic effect should the nurse identify as the reason for administration of neomycin sulfate to a client before colon surgery? 1. Destroy intestinal bacteria. 2. Increase production of vitamin K. 3. Decrease the incidence of any secondary infection. 4. Prevent the possibility of postoperative urinary tract infection.

1. Destroy intestinal bacteria

The nurse provides a dietary list to a client who is taking oral anticoagulants with foods that should be avoided because they are high in vitamin K. What foods should be included on the list? (Select all that apply.) 1. Eggs 2. Liver 3. Cheese 4. Squash 5. Chicken

1. Eggs 2. Liver 3. Cheese

Which food selections by a client with malabsorption syndrome indicate that the nurse's dietary teaching was successful? (Select all that apply.) 1. Green beans 2. Baked potato 3. Noodle pudding 4. Turkey sandwich 5. Whole wheat cereal

1. Green beans 2. Baked potato

A nurse is assessing a client for dehydration, The client has had diarrhea and vomiting for 48 hours. What are indicators of dehydration? (Select all that apply.) 1. Headache 2. Protruding eyeballs 3. The client reporting drinking an average of two glasses of water daily 4. The skin on the client's forehead remains tented after being pinched 5. Within four days, the client lost two pounds of weight

1. Headache 4. The skin on the client's forehead remains tented after being pinched

A client with severe Crohn's disease develops a small bowel obstruction. Which clinical finding should the nurse expect the client to report? 1. Bloody vomitus 2. Projectile vomiting 3. Bleeding with defecation 4. Pain in the left lower quadrant

2. Projectile vomiting **Nausea and vomiting, accompanied by diffuse abdominal pain, commonly occur in clients with small bowel obstruction; the vomiting may be projectile and may contain bile or fecal material.

A client has a suspected peptic ulcer in the duodenum. What should the nurse expect the client to report when describing the pain associated with this disease? 1. An ache radiating to the left side 2. An intermittent colicky flank pain 3. A gnawing sensation relieved by food 4. A generalized abdominal pain intensified by moving

3. A gnawing sensation relieved by food

A nurse is caring for a client who had surgery for cancer of the pancreas. Which nutrients are most influenced by the effects of this surgery? 1. Proteins and grains 2. Vitamins and minerals 3. Fluids and electrolytes 4. Fats and carbohydrates

4. Fats and carbohydrates

A client is admitted to the hospital for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. What should the nurse encourage the client to add to the diet to help normalize bowel function after surgery? 1. Vitamins 2. Whole bran 3. Cod liver oil 4. Amino acids

2. Whole bran

A client with Crohn's disease is admitted to the hospital with a history of chronic, bloody diarrhea, weight loss, and signs of general malnutrition. The client has anemia, a low serum albumin level, and signs of negative nitrogen balance. The nurse concludes that the client's health status is related to a major deficiency of: 1. Iron 2. Protein 3. Vitamin C 4. Linoleic acid

2. Protein

A frantic parent calls stating their child has swallowed dish soap. What would you advise? 1. Call poison control. 2. Induce vomiting immediately. 3. Give syrup of ipecac, one tablespoon. 4. Give activated charcoal, and expect black stools for 24 hours.

1. Call poison control.

A nurse is providing education about excellent food sources of vitamin A for a client who is deficient in this vitamin. Which foods should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) 1. Carrots 2. Oranges 3. Tomatoes 4 . Skim milk 5. Leafy greens

1. Carrots 5. Leafy greens

A client follows a vegetarian diet and must compensate for the lack of vitamin B12 found in food of animal origin. Which food should the nurse encourage the client to consume each day? 1. One orange 2. One glass of soy milk 3. Two handfuls of nuts 4. Two servings of green vegetables

2. One glass of soy milk

A client with a history of alcoholism and cirrhosis is admitted with severe dyspnea as a result of ascites. The nurse concludes that the ascites is most likely the result of increased: 1. Secretion of bile salts 2. Pressure in the portal vein 3. Interstitial osmotic pressure 4. Production of serum albumin

2. Pressure in the portal vein **The enlarged cirrhotic liver impinges on the portal system, causing increased hydrostatic pressure and resulting in ascites.

A client who was admitted to the hospital with metastatic cancer has a temperature of 100.4° F, a distended abdomen, and abdominal pain. The client asks the nurse, "Do you think that I'm going to have surgery?" How should the nurse respond? 1. "You seem concerned about having surgery." 2. "Some people with your problem do have surgery." 3. "I'll find out for you. Your record will show if surgery is scheduled." 4. "I don't know about any surgery. You'll have to ask your health care provider."

1. "You seem concerned about having surgery."

Which clinical indicators identified by the nurse support the probable presence of a fecal impaction in a client? (Select all that apply.) 1. Abdominal cramps 2. Fecal liquid seepage 3. Hyperactive bowel sounds 4. Bright red blood in the stool 5. Decreased number of bowel movements

1. Abdominal cramps 2. Fecal liquid seepage 3. Hyperactive bowel sounds

A client has a body mass index (BMI) of 35 and verbalizes the need to lose weight. The nurse encourages the client to lose weight safely by changing which dietary habits? 1. Decrease portion size and fat intake 2. Increase protein and vegetable intake 3. Decrease carbohydrate and fat intake 4. Increase fruits and limit fluid intake

1. Decrease portion size and fat intake

A client who had surgery for a ruptured appendix develops peritonitis. What clinical findings related to peritonitis should the nurse expect the client to exhibit? (Select all that apply.) 1. Fever 2. Hyperactivity 3. Extreme hunger 4. Urinary retention 5. Abdominal muscle rigidity

1. Fever 5. Abdominal muscle rigidity

An active adolescent is admitted to the hospital for surgery for an ileostomy. When planning a teaching session about self-care, the nurse includes sports that should be avoided by a client with an ileostomy. Which should be included on the list of sports to be avoided? (Select all that apply.) 1. Football 2. Swimming 3. Ice hockey 4. Track events 5. Cross-country skiing

1. Football 3. Ice hockey

A female client with the diagnosis of Crohn's disease tells the nurse that her boyfriend dates other women. She believes that this behavior causes an increase in her symptoms. What should the nurse do first when counseling this client? 1. Help the client explore attitudes about herself. 2. Educate the client's boyfriend about her illness. 3. Suggest the client should not see her boyfriend for a while. 4. Schedule the client and her boyfriend for a counseling session.

1. Help the client explore attitudes about herself

A nurse is concerned that a client with a diagnosis of cirrhosis of the liver may experience the complication of hepatic coma. For which clinical indicator should the nurse assess this client? 1. Icterus 2. Urticaria 3. Uremic frost 4. Hemangioma

1. Icterus **Bile deposits will impart a yellowish tinge (jaundice or icterus) to the skin, often first observed in the sclerae.

A client with cholecystitis is placed on a low fat, high protein diet. What nutrient should the nurse teach the client is included with this diet? 1. Skim milk 2. Boiled beef 3. Poached eggs 4. Steamed broccoli

1. Skim milk

A client is admitted with a tentative diagnosis of pancreatitis. The medical and nursing measures for this client are aimed toward maintaining nutrition, promoting rest, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, and decreasing anxiety. Which interventions should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.) 1. Provide a low fat diet. 2. Administer analgesics. 3. Teach relaxation exercises. 4. Encourage walking in the hall. 5. Monitor cardiac rate and rhythm. 6. Observe for signs of hypercalcemia

2. Administer analgesics. 3. Teach relaxation exercises. 5. Monitor cardiac rate and rhythm.

Discharge instructions for the client diagnosed with cirrhosis with varices should include information about the importance of: (Select all that apply.) 1. Adhering to a low carbohydrate diet 2. Avoiding aspirin and aspirin containing products 3. Limiting alcohol consumption to two drinks weekly 4. Avoiding acetaminophen and products containing acetaminophen 5. Avoiding coughing, sneezing, and straining to have a bowel movement

2. Avoiding aspirin and aspirin containing products 4. Avoiding acetaminophen and products containing acetaminophen 5. Avoiding coughing, sneezing, and straining to have a bowel movement

A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of cholecystitis. For which clinical manifestation of obstructive jaundice should the nurse assess the client? 1. Gray-colored skin 2. Clay-colored stools 3. Pale-colored conjunctiva 4. Light amber-colored urine

2. Clay-colored stools

A nurse is reviewing preoperative instructions with a client who is scheduled for orthopedic surgery at 8 AM the next day. The nurse advises the client to: 1. "Have your dinner completed by 6 PM tonight and then no food or fluids after that." 2. "Drink whatever liquids you want tonight and then only clear liquids tomorrow morning." 3. "Consume a light evening meal tonight and then no food or fluids after midnight." 4. "Eat lunch today and then do not drink or eat anything until after your surgery."

3. "Consume a light evening meal tonight and then no food or fluids after midnight."

A nurse is caring for a client who just had surgery for a parotid tumor. Which nursing intervention is the priority in the immediate postoperative period? 1. Offering psychological support 2. Monitoring the client's fluid balance 3. Keeping the client's respiratory passages patent 4. Providing a pad and pencil for writing messages

3. Keeping the client's respiratory passages patent

A client with hepatic cirrhosis develops hepatic encephalopathy. Neomycin sulfate (Mycifradin) is prescribed. The nurse concludes that the purpose of neomycin is to: 1. Decrease intestinal edema 2. Reduce abdominal distention 3. Diminish the blood ammonia level 4. Limit development of systemic infections

3. Diminish the blood ammonia level

During a client's paracentesis, 1500 mL of fluid is removed. The nurse monitors the client for which sign of a potentially severe response? 1. Abdominal girth decrease 2. Mucous membranes becoming drier 3. Heart rate increases from 80 to 135 4. Blood pressure rises from 130/70 to 190/80

3. Heart rate increases from 80 to 135

When caring for a client who is recovering from a gastrectomy, a nurse is concerned about the potential development of pernicious anemia. What should the nurse conclude may be the cause of this complication? 1. Vitamin B12 is just absorbed in the stomach. 2. Hemopoietic factor is secreted in the stomach. 3. Parietal cells of the stomach secrete the intrinsic factor. 4. Chief cells in the stomach promote the secretion of the extrinsic factor.

3. Parietal cells of the stomach secrete the intrinsic factor.

The menu for a client with malabsorption syndrome must be limited because of a sensitivity to gluten. Which foods cannot be served to this client? (Select all that apply.) 1. Cheese omelet 2. Creamed spinach 3. Roast beef sandwich 4. Chicken noodle soup 5. Spaghetti and meatballs

3. Roast beef sandwich 4. Chicken noodle soup 5. Spaghetti and meatballs **Bread contains gluten, which is irritating to the gastrointestinal mucosa and should be avoided. Noodles are made from flour and are high in gluten, which is irritating to the gastrointestinal mucosa and should be avoided. Pasta is made from flour and is high in gluten, which is irritating to the gastrointestinal mucosa and should be avoided.

A client diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is being treated with antacid therapy. When teaching the client about the therapy, the nurse reinforces that antacid tablets: 1. Are as effective as the liquid form 2. Should be taken one hour before meals 3. Should be taken only at four-hour intervals 4. Are known to interfere with the absorption of other drugs

4. Are known to interfere with the absorption of other drugs

A client had surgery for a ruptured appendix. Postoperatively, the health care provider prescribes an antibiotic to be administered intravenously twice a day. The nurse administers the prescribed antibiotic via a secondary line into the primary infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride. During the administration of the antibiotic, the client becomes restless and flushed, and begins to wheeze. What should the nurse do after stopping the antibiotic infusion? 1. Check the client's temperature 2. Take the client's blood pressure 3. Obtain the client's pulse oximetry 4. Assess the client's respiratory status

4. Assess the client's respiratory status

A nurse is administering an enema to a client who is scheduled for gastrointestinal surgery. What should the nurse do when the client complains of abdominal cramps during the enema? 1. Reduce the rate of flow of the infusion. 2. Discontinue the enema and try again later. 3. Lower the container below the level of the rectum. 4. Close the lumen of the tubing and wait until the discomfort subsides.

4. Close the lumen of the tubing and wait until the discomfort subsides.

A client who recently immigrated to the United States has a chronic vitamin A deficiency. What information about vitamin A should the nurse consider when assessing this client for clinical indicators of this deficiency? 1. Vitamin A is an integral part of the retina's pigment called melanin. 2. It is a component of the rods and cones, which control color visualization. 3. Vitamin A is the material in the cornea that prevents the formation of cataracts. 4. It is a necessary element of rhodopsin, which controls responses to light and dark environments.

4. It is a necessary element of rhodopsin, which controls responses to light and dark environments.

A nurse is assisting a health care provider to perform a sigmoidoscopy. In which position should the nurse place the client for this procedure? 1. Sims 2. Prone 3. Lithotomy 4. Knee-chest

4. Knee-chest

A client is admitted via the emergency department with the tentative diagnosis of diverticulitis. Which test commonly is prescribed to assess for this problem? 1. Computed tomography (CT) scan 2. Gastroscopy 3. Colonoscopy 4. Barium enema

1. Computed tomography (CT) scan **A CT scan with contrast is the test of choice for diverticulitis because it effectively reflects the involved colon.

A nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client with a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). What should the nurse advise the client to do to limit symptoms of GERD? (Select all that apply.) 1. Avoid heavy lifting. 2. Lie down after eating. 3. Avoid drinking alcohol. 4 .Eat small, frequent meals. 5 .Increase fluid intake with meals. 6 . Wear an abdominal binder or girdle

1. Avoid heavy lifting. 3. Avoid drinking alcohol. 4 .Eat small, frequent meals.

A client is admitted with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. For which clinical manifestations should a nurse assess the client? (Select all that apply.) 1. Jaundice 2. Acute pain 3. Hypertension 4. Hypoglycemia 5. Increased amylase

1. Jaundice 2. Acute pain 5. Increased amylase

A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of cirrhosis of the liver. For which classic signs of hepatic coma should the nurse assess this client? (Select all that apply.) 1. Mental confusion 2. Increased cholesterol 3. Brown-colored stools 4. Flapping hand tremors 5. Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes

1. Mental confusion 4. Flapping hand tremors

A low-residue diet is recommended for a client. Which food should the nurse encourage the client to select from a menu? 1. Steamed broccoli 2. Creamed potatoes 3. Raw spinach salad 4. Baked sweet potato

2. Creamed potatoes

A health care provider prescribes psyllium (Metamucil) 3.5 g twice a day for constipation. What is most important for the nurse to teach this client? 1. Urine may be discolored. 2. Each dose should be taken with a full glass of water. 3. Use only when necessary because it can cause dependence. 4. Daily use may inhibit the absorption of some fat-soluble vitamins.

2. Each dose should be taken with a full glass of water.

Steroid therapy is prescribed for a client with an exacerbation of ulcerative colitis. The nurse evaluates that teaching is effective when the client says, "I should take this medicine: 1. At bedtime with a snack." 2. In the early morning with food." 3. One hour before or two hours after eating." 4. By dividing it into equal parts for each meal."

2. In the early morning with food."

A client is hospitalized with joint pain, loss of hair, yellow pigmentation of the skin, and an enlarged liver. The nurse suspects what type of toxicity? 1. Thiamine 2. Vitamin A 3. Vitamin C 4. Pyridoxine

2. Vitamin A **These adaptations, as well as anemia, irritability, pruritus, and an enlarged spleen, occur with vitamin A toxicity.

When advising a college student about dietary choices, the nurse should consider the caloric value of the most commonly ordered fast foods eaten by active young adults. List the following foods in order from the one with the least number of calories to the one with the most number of calories. 1. Garden salad 2. One slice of French toast 3. French fries 4.Six pieces of chicken tenders 5. Hamburger with cheese

1. Garden salad 2. One slice of French toast 4.Six pieces of chicken tenders 3. French fries 5. Hamburger with cheese

A client with a 20-year history of excessive alcohol use is admitted to the hospital with jaundice and ascites. A priority nursing action during the first 48 hours after the client's admission is to: 1. Monitor the client's vital signs 2. Increase the client's fluid intake 3. Improve the client's nutritional status 4. Determine the client's reasons for drinking

1. Monitor the client's vital signs

A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute salmonellosis. What does the nurse expect the health care provider to prescribe? 1. Cathartics 2. Electrolytes 3. Antidiarrheals 4. Antispasmodics

2. Electrolytes

When assessing a client's abdomen, the nurse palpates the area directly above the umbilicus. This area is known as the: 1. Iliac area 2. Epigastric area 3. Hypogastric area 4. Suprasternal area

2. Epigastric area

A nurse is caring for a client with hepatic cirrhosis. Which elements are important to include in this client's diet? (Select all that apply.) 1. High fat 2. Low protein 3. Low sodium 4. High vitamins 5 . Low carbohydrates

2. Low protein 3. Low sodium 4. High vitamins

On the third postoperative day after a subtotal gastrectomy, a client complains of severe abdominal pain. The nurse palpates the client's abdomen and identifies rigidity. What action should the nurse take? 1. Assist the client to ambulate 2. Obtain the client's vital signs 3. Administer the prescribed analgesic 4. Encourage the use of spirometry

2. Obtain the client's vital signs

Morphine via an epidural catheter is prescribed for a client after abdominal surgery. The client asks the nurse why this medicine is necessary. What primary rationale does the nurse give for the administration of an opioid analgesic after abdominal surgery? 1. Facilitates oxygen use 2. Relieves abdominal pain 3. Decreases anxiety and restlessness 4. Dilates coronary and peripheral blood vessels

2. Relieves abdominal pain

A client with Crohn's disease is admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain, fever, poor skin turgor, and diarrhea, with 10 stools in the past 24 hours. Which signs are evidence that the client probably is dehydrated? (Select all that apply.) 1. Moist skin 2. Sunken eyes 3. Decreased apical pulse 4. Dry mucous membranes 5. Increased blood pressure

2. Sunken eyes 4. Dry mucous membranes

The nurse provides education to a client with cancer of the tongue who will begin gastrostomy feedings at home. The nurse concludes that the teaching was effective when the client states, "Before I start the procedure, I will: 1. Don sterile gloves" 2. Obtain my body weight" 3. Measure the residual volume" 4. Instill one ounce of a carbonated liquid"

3. Measure the residual volume"

A client has circumgastric banding, a bariatric surgical procedure. The nurse provides discharge teaching about signs and symptoms of dumping syndrome and includes what physiological response? 1. Fever 2. Vomiting 3. Palpitations 4. Constipation

3. Palpitations

A client with a hiatal hernia comes to the community health clinic to attend a class about nutrition. The client reports frequently waking up at night with heartburn. Which suggestion by the nurse may help to reduce symptoms of heartburn? 1. Eat a large meal at noontime 2. Take an intestinal sedative at night 3. Raise the head of the bed on blocks 4. Have a light snack with orange juice

3. Raise the head of the bed on blocks **Elevating the head of the bed helps prevent reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus, minimizing heartburn.

After abdominal surgery a client is to receive a progressive postsurgical diet. The nurse explains to the client that this diet is characterized by progressive alterations in the: 1. Caloric content of food 2. Nutritional value of food 3. Texture and digestibility of food 4. Variety of fluids and food

3. Texture and digestibility of food

A client is scheduled for a barium swallow. How should the nurse prepare the client for this test? (Select all that apply.) 1. Ask about allergies to iodine before the test. 2. Administer cleansing enemas before the test. 3. Suggest a light breakfast on the day of the test. 4. Ensure that a laxative is prescribed after the test. 5. Instruct to withhold prescribed opioids for one day before the test.

4. Ensure that a laxative is prescribed after the test. 5. Instruct to withhold prescribed opioids for one day before the test.

A client with liver dysfunction states, "My gums have been bleeding spontaneously." The nurse identifies small hemorrhagic lesions on the client's face. The nurse concludes that the client needs additional Vitamin: 1. D 2. E 3. A 4. K

4. K

A client with cirrhosis of the liver has a prolonged prothrombin time and a low platelet count. A regular diet is prescribed. What should the nurse instruct the client to do considering the client's condition? 1. Avoid foods high in vitamin K. 2. Check the pulse several times a day. 3. Drink a glass of milk when taking aspirin. 4. Report signs of bleeding no matter how slight

4. Report signs of bleeding no matter how slight **One of the many functions of the liver is the manufacture of clotting factors; there is interference in this process with cirrhosis of the liver, resulting in bleeding tendencies.