GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

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The order of the small intestine segments, from proximal to distal, is

D,J,I Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum

What does salivary amylase do?

breaks down carbohydrates in food.

pepsinogen

combines with HCl in the stomach to form pepsin

gastric lipase

digests fats

ascending colon

first part of the large intestine that travels upward from the cecum to the undersurface of the liver.

Duodenum

first part of the small intestine.

Main function of the small intestine

most of the absorption of nutrients happens at this level

function of the pancreas releasing bicarbonate ions

neutralize acidic chymeand create an alkaline environment. The digestive enzymes work better in an alkaline environment

3 sets of salivary glans

parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands. These glands secrete mucous and the digestive enzyme- salivary amylase.

Secretions of the stomach

pepsinogen intrinsic factor hydrochloric acid gastric lipase

descending colon

portion of the colon that extends downward from the transverse colon down toward the rectum

intrinsic factor

promotes vitamin B12 absorption

pyloric sphincter

ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum (small intestine)

What hormone does the duodenum secrete that promotes pancreatic secretions?

secretin (SECRETIN to help SECRETE pancreatic fluids)

enzyme

substance that chemically breaks down food.

deglutition

the act of swallowing

what region does food enter the stomach at?

the cardiac region

Bolus

A term used to describe food after it has been chewed and mixed with saliva

What enzymes does the pancreas release

trypsin chymotrypsin pancreatic lipase pancreatic amylase Bicarbonate ions

epiglottis

A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.

Rectum

A short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid form before being eliminated

Pancreas

An organs in the abdominal cavity with two roles. The first is an exocrine role: to produce digestive enzymes and bicarbonate, which are delivered to the small intestine (duodenum) via the pancreatic duct. The second is an endocrine role: to secrete insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream to help regulate blood glucose levels.

Peristalsis

Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system.

Jejunum

Middle portion of the small intestine. Primary function is to absorb sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids.

How are the enzymes from the pancreas released into the duodenum?

The pancreatic duct

esophageal sphincter

a sphincter muscle at the upper or lower end of the esophagus. Prevents reflux of food back into the esophagus.

sigmoid colon

an S-shaped structure that continues from the descending colon above and joins with the rectum below

regions of the stomach

cardia, fundus, body, pylorus Rugae is inside the stomach that along with digestive substances will turn the bolus of food into chyme.

Stomach

large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food

ileum

last part of small intestine. Absorbs any remaining nutrients that did not get absorbed by the duodenum or the jejunum. In particular, it absorbs vitamin b12 as well as bile acids so they can get recycled.

Enzymes of the small intestine

lipases (fat digestion) Proteases (protein digestion) Maltase, Lactase and sucrase (carbohydrate and simple sugar digestion)

Bile is produced by the _________ and stored in the ____________.

liver, gallbladder.

main function of large intestine

small amount of nutrient absorption but the large amount of water and electrolytes is absorbed. Also bacteria is broken down

transverse colon

the middle part of the large intestine, passing across the abdomen from right to left below the stomach.

defecation reflex is triggered by

the parasympathetic nervous system

What system controls the release of gastrin?

the parasympathetic nervous system Gastrin controls the release of substances that aid in chemical digestion.

deglutition

the transport if the bolus from the mouth to the stomach

CCK (cholecystokinin)

when fatty chyme enters the duodenum, the hormone cholecystokinin is secreted by the duodenum. CCK tells the gallbladder ti contract and the bile stored in it to travel through the common bile duct and into the duodenum. Bile emulsifies fats to help with enzyme digestion.


Conjuntos de estudio relacionados

Unit 1: Intro to Anatomy & Physiology

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