Gastrointestinal tract and the abdominal wall PRACTICE QUIZ

all of the following are sonographic criteria in the diagnosis of pylorus stenosis except: a. wall of the pylorus is focally thin b. length of the pylorus measures more than 17 mm c. doughnut appearance in transverse d. cervix appearance in longitudinal

a

all of the following are true of normal intestinal findings with sonography except: a. normal bowel does not compress b. normal bowel should have observable peristalsis c. intestinal wall should measure less than 5 mm d. normal bowel has little to no color doppler signals

a

an adult patient presents to the sonography department with left lower quadrant pain, fever, and bouts of both constipation and diarrhea. Which of the following would be the most likely etiology a. diverticulitis b. intussusception c. midgut malrotation d. appendicitis

a

an autoimmune disease characterized by periods of inflammation of the gi tract describes: a. crohn disease b. intussusception c. pyloric stenosis d. meckel diverticulitis

a

clinical findings of a patient with crohn disease include all of the following except: a. palpable abdominal mass b. rectal bleeding c. abdominal pain d. weight loss

a

in what position is the infant often placed for better sonographic visualization of the pyloric sphincter? a. right lateral decubitus b. left lateral decubitus c. prone d. upright

a

the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children less than 2 years of age is: a. intussusception b. midgut malrotation c. pyloric stenosis d. acute appendicitis

a

the situation when bowel protrudes into the groin is referred to as an a. inguinal hernia b. linea alba hernia c. umbilical hernia d. spigelian hernia

a

which of the following is not a layer of gut identified with sonography? a. visceral b. serosa c. submucosa d. mucosa

a

rebound tenderness is associated with: a. appendicitis b. intussusception c. diverticulitis d. gastric carcinoma

a

which of the following types of obstruction refers to the bowel being physically blocked by something a. mechanical b. nonmechanical c. obstreperous d. bezoarine

a

gastric cancer is most often in the form of a. cystadenocarcinoma b. adenocarcinoma c. rhabdomyocarcinoma d. angiosarcoma

b

which of the following would be most likely a cause of colitis? a. gastroesophageal reflux disease b. antibiotic therapy c. dehydration d. rectus sheath hematoma

b

the telescoping of one segment of bowel into another is referred to as: a. volvulus b. crohn disease c. intussusception d. pyloric stenosis

c

A patients presents to the sonography department with bilious vomiting. While investigating the pediatric patient for pyloric stenosis, you note that the pyloric sphincter appears normal, the SMA is abnormally located to the right of the SMV. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. pylorospasm b. intussusception c. crohn disease d. midgut malrotation

d

Pseudomyxoma peritonei can result from: a. intussusception b. pyloric stenosis c. crohn disease d. appendix cancer

d

all of the following are common clinical findings in infants who present with pyloric stenosis except: a. weight loss b. dehydration c. olive sign d. first born female

d

other abnormalities that can present much like pyloric stenosis include all of the following except: a. midgut herniation b. pylorospasm c. gastroesophageal reflux disease d. intussusception

d

the situation when bowel protrudes into a weakened area is referred to as a(n): a. inguinal hernia b. linea alba hernia c. umbilical hernia d. spigelian hernia

d

the sonographic finding of fluid-filled, distended lops of bowel is consistent with: a. meckel diverticulum b. diverticulitis c. gastroesophageal reflux disease d. intenstinal obstruction

d

traditionally, treatment for intussusception is by the means of: a. surgery b. external manipulation c. compression sonography d. therapeutic enema

d

what are the diagnostic criteria for pyloric stenosis a. 17 mm in thickness and 2 mm in length b. 17 mm in thickness and 3 mm in length c. 3 mm in thickness and 10 mm in length d. 3 mm in thickness and 17 mm in length

d

which of the following would be useful to employ during a sonographic evaluation of a suspected abdominal wall hernia a. upright positioning b. prone positioned c. graded compression d. valsalva

d

HPS is most often found in infants between a. 1 - 10 days of age b. 2- 6 weeks of age c. 10 -24 weeks of age d. 2 - 4 years of age

b

all of the following are common clinical findings in infants who present with intussusception except a. vomiting b. first-born male infant c. red currant jelly stools d. leukocytosis

b

all of the following are sonographic findings of acute appendicitis except: a. appendicolith b. compressible, blind ended tube c. periappendiceal fluid collection d. hyperemic flow

b

the area of pain and rebound tenderness with acute appendicitis is most likely at: a. Meckel point b. McBurney point c. Murphy point d. Olive point

b

upon sonographic evaluation of the right lower quadrant in a patient complaining of focal abdominal pain in that area, you visualize a hyperemic blind-ended, tubular structure that contains a shadowing focus. What is the most likely etiology of the shadowing focus? a. ureteral stone b. apendicolith c. gallstone d. herniated omentum

b

which of the following best describes the location of McBurney point? a. left lateral to the umbilicus and medial to the left iliac crest b. halfway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the umbilicus c. midway between the umbilicus and the symphysis pubis d. medial to the superior iliac spine

b

which of the following is not associated with rectus sheath hematoma a. palpable abdominal mass b. increased hematocrit c. child birth d. sneezing

b

a patient presents to the sonography department with a painful, superficial abdominal mass located within a prior cesarean scar. What clinical feature would be most consistent with scar endometriosis a. hematuria b. chronic headaches c. cyclical pain d. bloody diarrhea

c

clinical findings of acute appendicitis includes all of the following except: a. leukocytosis b. right lower quadrant pain c. constipation d. rebound tenderness

c

pediatric patients could suffer from bowel obstructions that are caused by a buildup of ingested hair. The mass associated with this type of obstruction is termed a: a. phytobezor b. lactobezor c. trichobezoar d. permabezoar

c

the most common location of the vermiform appendix is in the area of the: a. jejunum b. descending colon c. cecum d. sigmoid colon

c

the olive sign is best described as: a. the palpation of the inflamed appendix with rebound tenderness b. an area of pain halfway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the umbilicus c. an enlarged palpable pyloric sphincter d. the sonographic appearance of pyloric stenosis

c

what abnormality associates red currant jelly stools? a. diverticulosis b. appendicitis c. intussusception d. pyloric stenosis

c

what anatomic structure may be noted as a bulls-eye structure anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the left lobe of the liver in the sagittal scan plane a. pyloric sphincter b. duodenal antrum c. gastroesophageal junction d.distal jejunum

c

which of the following is not a sonographic finding consistent with crohn disease a. bowel wall thickening b. noncompressible bowel that has a target appearance c. increased peristalsis d. hyperemic wall

c

which of the following is the development of small outpouching within the sigmoid colon a. diverticulitis b. crohn disease c. diverticulosis d. midgut malrotation

c

which of the following would be the most likely clinical feature of colitis a. inguinal herniation of the bowel b. right should pain c. watery diarrhea d. midline hematoma

c