Geheimer unit 0 ap psych

Elena wanted to see if taller students were more likely do better on achievement tests. Elana recorded the height of all of her classmates and calculated the standard deviation. If everything else stayed the same, what change to the data would make the standard deviation increase?

If the tallest person were taller

The next question(s) are based on this scenario: A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. What is the dependent variable in this study?

Incidence of aggressive behavior

A group of 25 American college students who were taking introductory psychology during the spring semester participated in a study about cognition. Participants were first asked to read a story about a Russian battle from the 19th century. Later, participants were asked to write down as many details as they could remember from the story. Twenty-two out of 25 of the students changed some of the details of the story, such as referring to a "house" instead of using the Russian word "dacha" that was used in the story.

It was a study that involved convenience sampling.

A research team wanted to measure how smart Chris was. The researchers measured how many math questions Chris got correct on his final exam. This measurement constituted which of the following?

Operational definition

Because of studies in the past that exposed participants to danger without their knowledge, which of the following was added to the American Psychological Association ethical guidelines?

Research may not involve deception unless participants are debriefed.

A student who obtained a percentile rank of 75 on an achievement test is best characterized as having

Scored 75% higher than the other test takers

Ms. Harrison asks students in her psychology class to record how many hours of sleep they get every night and what they eat for breakfast. When the class looks at the data, they find that the fewer hours of sleep they get, the more they eat for breakfast. Which of the following is a limitation of self-report research?

Self-report data is subject to the social desirability bias

A survey shows that children who have encyclopedias in their home environment earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having encyclopedias in the home environment improves grades. Which of the following explains why the researcher has reached an erroneous conclusion?

She inferred causation from correlation

Dr. Sosa administers the first exam to all his introductory psychology students, which amounts to 250 students total. The mean for the first exam was 75%. The grades for Dr. Sosa's classes are distributed as shown below. The figure presents a graph of a curve. The curve begins at the origin and moves steeply upward and to the right until it reaches the top of the vertical axis, approximately one tenth of the way along the horizontal axis. It then moves downward and to the right until it reaches approximately one third of the way along the horizontal axis, after which it begins to gradually level off until it ends at the bottom of the vertical axis, and at the rightmost point on the horizontal axis. Dr. Sosa concludes the students in his class are achieving appropriate mastery of the material. Why is this conclusion invalid?

The distribution is positively skewed (Skew = tail)

Researchers conducted a correlational study during the winter season, which has shorter days and longer nights. The researcher asked about people's experiences with depression-like symptoms, including feelings of tiredness and reduction in energy output. The researcher found that there was a positive correlation between the amount of daylight and depression-like symptoms. Which of the following statements best reflects how to interpret this correlational finding?

The relationship between daylight and depressive symptoms may also be linked to a third variable

The next question(s) are based on this scenario: A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. What is the independent variable in this study?

Type of television program viewed

A researcher wants to determine which studying technique would be more effective: massed practice or distributed practice. The researcher randomly assigns 30 students to two groups and gives them a list of vocabulary words to remember. One of the groups uses a massed practice technique. The other uses a distributed practice technique. The researcher gives the students a quiz four days later to see how well they remembered their list of words. He compared the scores for both groups. What is the dependent variable in this study?

Vocab quiz scores

Clive Wearing is an individual involved in a well-known case study examining anterograde amnesia. Clive experienced a high fever which led to damage to the hippocampus nearly 40 years ago. Since that time, Clive has not been able to encode new memories and, by some estimations, can only hold a thought for 7 to 9 seconds. Which of the following is an ethical consideration regarding the case of Clive Wearing?

We should not know Clive's identity, especially while he is still living.

Dr. Guarini is interested in conducting research that examines how much information people can hold in their working memory. She is unsure whether she needs to conduct an experiment or correlational research. Experimental research differs from correlational research in that experimental research can do which of the following?

may reveal a causal relation

A client whose improvement during therapy is the result of his or her expectation of improvement rather than the result of the therapy itself is showing

placebo effect

Professor Ahad has forty-three students in section one of the psychology classes she teaches and fifty-two students in section two. Section one meets at eight a.m. and, section two meets at one p.m. Professor Ahad gives all of her students the same final exam, and those in section two score significantly higher than those in section one. Professor Ahad concludes that her section one students are academically inferior to students in section two. The biggest problem with Professor Ahad's conclusion is that

time of day is a confounding variable in this scenario.

3 4 5 5 7 7 7 8 8 10 Ten participants in a treatment group were asked to rate their feelings of self worth on a scale of one to ten, with a value of ten indicating a very positive feeling of self-worth. The data for the participants are above. What is the mode for these data?

7

A test examining the level of sensation-seeking has a mean of 80 with a standard deviation of 4. Which of the following scores is within one standard deviation of the mean?

77

A double-blind control is essential for which of the following?

Assessment of a treatment designed to reduce schizophrenic symptoms

In an experiment to test the effects of hunger on aggressive behavior, aggressive behavior would be the

Dependent variable

Which of the following research methodologies would present the most ethical problems for studying the causes of anterograde amnesia in humans?

Experiment

The next question(s) are based on this scenario: A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. This research method is best characterized as

Experimental

Which of the following research approaches would be best for testing the hypothesis that the presence of certain odors causes people to gamble more?

Experimental

A group of ten students took a procedural memory test on Monday (Test 1), and then the same group of students took the same test again on Friday (Test 2). The scores on the two tests are given in the table. Which of the following is a correlation coefficient that was most likely obtained using the two sets of scores?

0.88 (max. 1.00)

A person displays behaviors of a psychological disorder that psychologists in the United States have not seen before. The best strategy to investigate the nature of those behaviors is to conduct which of the following?

A case study

Research finds that, in general, the higher an incoming college student scores on an aptitude test, the higher the student's college grade point average (GPA). Which of the following best describes this relationship?

A positive correlation

Below is a transcript of a case study about an individual named Arjun. Arjun was diagnosed with epilepsy and struggled with seizures regularly. After trying multiple unsuccessful treatments, his neurologist recommended surgery that severed the connections between the two hemispheres of the brain. Arjun agreed to the surgery. After surgery, Arjun experienced changes that were noticed during special testing in a laboratory setting by a researcher. In the laboratory, psychologists flashed different images or words to his left and right visual fields. Arjun could easily speak the names of items that were flashed to his right visual field. He could not easily speak the names of items that were flashed to this left visual field. Arjun was studied by a researcher for many years, and his experiences went unchanged. The researcher published the research with Arjun where he shared Arjun's experience and his first and last na

Confidentiality

Dr. Meerdink wants to know if creativity varies throughout the day. In a morning class, she asks her college students to list as many uses as possible for a stick. On the same day 12 hours later, she asks students in an evening class to list as many uses as possible for a stick. Which of the following factors is the dependent variable?

Creativity