Gen Psych Chapter 2 Quizzes

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Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute the human tendency to fear spiders and snakes to

genetic predispositions

Evolutionary psychology most clearly suggests that human behavioral and biological similarities arise from our shared

genome

A neuron is best described as a(n)

Cell

The endocrine system consists of

Glands

The limbic system's hippocampus

Helps process explicit memories for storage

The limbic system structure that regulates hunger is called the

Hypothalamus

The vast majority of neurons in the body's information system are

Interneurons

The prevalence of genetically predisposed traits that have a reproductive advantage is best explained in terms of

Natural selection

Following massive damage to his frontal lobes, Phineas Gage was most strikingly debilitated by

irritability

Research with split-brain patients suggests that the ________ typically constructs the theories people offer to explain their own behaviors.

left cerebral hemisphere

The right hemisphere of Julie's brain is better than her left hemisphere at recognizing facial expressions of emotion. This best illustrates

Lateralization

In emphasizing that heredity's effects on behavior depend on a person's home environment, psychologists are most clearly highlighting the importance of

Nature-nurture interactions

While listening to operatic solos, musicians process the lyrics and the tunes in separate brain areas. This most clearly illustrates the functioning of different

Neural networks

Which hormone enables contractions associated with birthing and milk flow during nursing

Oxytocin

Adoptive parents are LEAST likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children

Personality traits

Although Ron has no genital sensations, he is capable of an erection if his genitals are stimulated. Ron's experience is most indicative of a(n)

severed spinal cord

Compared with fraternal twins, identical twins are

More similar in their risk of developing autism spectrum disorder and more similar in risk of being emotionally unstable

The brain devotes more tissue within the ________ for body areas requiring the most precise movement control such as the fingers

Motor cortex

Which of the following is a major source of genetic diversity

Mutations

Which of the following would be particularly useful for detecting the brain areas that are most active as a person performs mathematical calculations

A PET scan

The release of ________ to muscle cell receptors triggers muscle contractions.

ACh

Botox injections smooth facial wrinkles because botulin is a(n)

ACh antagonist

Which of the following is most clearly characterized by a temporary inflow of positively charged sodium ions through an axon membrane

An action potential

The regions of the parietal lobes that are involved in mathematical and spatial reasoning are known as

Association areas

The brain's oldest region is the

Brainstem

After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner. She has probably suffered damage to her

Cerebellum

To monitor the electrical activity in the brain that is triggered by hearing one's own name, researchers would make use of a(n)

EEG

Natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control are called

Endorphins

The study of molecular mechanisms by which environments can trigger or block gene expression is called

Epigenetics

Which portion of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in making plans and formulating moral judgments

Frontal lobes

If you lose a foot, the somatosensory cortex that received its input will begin to pick up signals from the formerly adjoined leg. This best illustrates the value of

Plasticity

As needed, the sympathetic nervous system ________ blood sugar levels and ________ the pupils of the eyes

Raises; dilates

Dmitry Belyaev and Lyudmila Trut successfully domesticated wild foxes by means of

Selective mating

Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin will thereby increase the concentration of serotonin molecules in the

Synaptic gaps

Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex

Thalamus

A drug molecule that increases the release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic gap is a(n)

agonist

Which neural center in the limbic system plays an important role in emotions such as fear and rage?

amygdala

Adopted children are especially likely to have similar ________ if raised in the same home.

attitudes

An axon transmits messages ________ the cell body and a dendrite transmits messages ________ the cell body.

away from; toward

The autonomic nervous system most directly controls

bladder contractions

Chromosomes are composed of

deoxyribonucleic acid

Researchers studying mice have found that in utero exposure to certain chemicals can cause genetically identical twins to have different colored fur. This is best explained by the fact that genetically linked traits can be modified by

epigenetic marks

Two individuals are most likely to differ in personality if they are

fraternal twins who were raised apart

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in controlling the facial muscle movements necessary for speaking?

frontal

Depressed mood states are linked to ________ levels of serotonin and ________ levels of norepinephrine.

low; low

Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the

medulla

The visual cortex is located in the

occipital lobes

Brain scans indicate that well-practiced pianists have a larger-than-usual auditory cortex area that encodes piano sounds. This best illustrates the impact of

plasticity

The release of epinephrine and norepinephrine ________ blood pressure and ________ blood sugar levels.

raises; raises

The peripheral nervous system consists of

sensory and motor neurons

Stimulation of the reticular formation will cause a

sleeping cat to awaken

Research has suggested that a reward deficiency syndrome may contribute to

substance use disorders

To excite or inhibit an action potential in a receiving neuron, a neurotransmitter must cross the

synaptic gap


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