General Biology 1 Quiz Questions Chapter 4 and 5

The membranous compartmentalization of a cell

allows different chemical conditions to be maintained in different parts of the cell

In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads

are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane.

What is the basic difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions?

Exergonic reactions release energy; endergonic reactions absorb it

Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)inhibit inflammation by inhibiting an enzyme in the prostaglandin pathway, but by inhibiting this enzyme and this pathway they also inhibit pathways that protect the stomach from damage by stomach acid and that prevent aggregation of blood platelets to form blood clots. What can you conclude from this?

The enzyme is found in many different types of cells.

You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude correctly that the cells

are plant cells

Which figure depicts an animal cell placed in a solution hypotonic to the cell?

cell A

The nucleus of a cell

contains DNA.

Tay-Sachs disease results from the malfunction of

lysosomes.

The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of

membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.

Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells?

nucleoid

Which part of the ATP molecule breaks free of the rest when an ATP molecule is used for energy?

part D

Diffusion does not require the cell to expend ATP. Therefore, diffusion is considered a type of

passive transport

Most of the functions of a cell membrane, including transport and enzymatic function, are performed by

proteins.

Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures through which insulin passes from its production to its exit from the cell?

rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

stores calcium ions in muscle cells.

The Golgi apparatus

stores, modifies, and packages proteins

Which part of the mitochondrion shown enhances its ability to produce ATP by increasing the surface area of a mitochondrial membrane?

structure D

According to ________, energy cannot be created or destroyed.

the first law of thermodynamics

If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis, whereas a plant cell will not. What accounts for this difference?

the relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall

The function of the nucleolus is

to manufacture ribosomal RNA.

Light microscopes

use light and glass lenses to magnify an image.

A cell is exposed to a substance that prevents it from dividing. The cell becomes larger and larger. This situation

will eventually be problematic, since the cell's ability to absorb nutrients through its outer membrane will not keep increasing as quickly as its cytoplasmic needs.