General Chemistry Chapter 4-6 Timberlake
On a dry day, your hair flies apart when you brush it. How would you explain this?
In the process of brushing hair, strands of hair become charged with like charges that repel each other.
Identify each of the following as either a proton, neutron, or electron: a. has a mass about the same as a proton b. is found in the nucleus c. is attracted to protons d. has a 1- charge.
a. neutron b. proton or neutron c.electrons d. electrons
Two isotopes of gallium are naturally occurring, with 69/31 GA at 60.11% (68.93 amu) and 71/31GA at 39.89% (70.92 amu). Calculate the atomic mass for gallium using the weighted average mass method.
69.72 amu
Two isotopes of rubidium occur naturally, with 85-37Rb at 72.17% (84.91 amu) and 87/37 Rb at 27.83% (86.91 amu). Calculate the atomic mass for rubidium using the weighted average mass method.
85.47 amu
Select the larger atom in each pair: a. Na or Cl b. Na or Rb c. Na or Mg d. Rb or I
A. Na b. Rb c. Na d. Rb
What elements are represented by the symbols in each of the following substances? a. table salt, NaCl b. plaster casts CaSO4 c. Demerol, C15H22CINO2 d. pigment, BaCrO4
A. sodium, chlorine b. calcium, sulfur, oxygen c. carbon, hydrogen,chlorine, nitrogen, oxygen d.barium chromium, oxygen
How did Thomson determine that the electrons have a negative charge?
J.J. Thomson used a cathode ray tube to discover the electron. Cathode ray tubes are vacuum tubes that contain two electrodes - one on each side. One of the electrodes (the cathode) fires electrons at the other (the anode) when voltage is added to the system. When Thomson fired up the tube, he saw a beam of "light" between the two electrodes. To figure out what they were, he applied a magnetic field and found out that the beam moved toward a positive charge and away from a negative charge. From this, Thomson determined that these little cathode rays (which we now call electrons) had negative charge.
What did Rutherford determine about the structure of the atom from his gold-foil experiment?
Rutherford determined that an atom contains a small compact nucleus that is positively charges.
What are the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the following isotopes? a. 2/1 H b. 14/7 N c. 26/14 Si d. 70/30 Zn
a. 1 proton and 1 electron 1 nuetron b. 7 protons and 7 Electrons 7 neutrons c. 14 protons, 12 neutrons, 14 electrons d. 30 protons, 40 neutron, 30 electrons
How many protons and electrons are there in a neutral atom of each of the following elements: a. argon b. manganese c. iodine d. calcium
a. 18 b.25 c. 53 d. 20
Write the atomic symbol for the isotope with each of the following characteristics: a. an oxygen atom with 10 neutrons b.4 protons and 5 neutrons c. 25 electrons and 28 neutrons d. a mass number of 24 and 13 neutrons e. a nickel atom with 32 neutrons
a. 18/8 O b. 9/4 B c. 53/25 Mn d. 24/11 Cu e.60/28 Ni
Write the electron arrangement for each of the following elements. a. carbon b. argon c. potassium d. silicon e. helium f. nitrogen
a. 2,4 b. 2,8,8 c. 2,8,8,1 d. 2,8,4 e. 2,2 f. 2,5
What elements are represented by the symbols in each of the following substances? a. fireworks, KNO3 b. dental cement, Zn3(PO4)2 c. antacid, Mg (OH)2 d. manufacture of aluminum, AIF3
a. Potassium b. Zinc, phosphorus, oxygen c.magnesium, oxygen, hydrogen d. aluminum, fluorine
Identify the form of electromagnetic radiation in each pair that has the greater energy: a. radio waves or violet light b. infrared light or ultraviolet light
a. Violet Light b. ultraviolet light
Would you use the atomic number, mass number, or both to determine each of the following? a. number of protons in an atom b. number of neutrons in an atom c. number of particles in the nucleus d. number of electrons in a neutral atom
a. atomic number b. both c.mass number d.atomic number
Write the Symbols for the following elements: a. C b. Cl c. I d. Hg e. Ag f. Ar g. B h. Ni
a. carbon b. chlorine c. iodine d. mercury e. silver f. argon g. boron h. nickel
Identify each of the following as either a proton, neutron, or electron: a. has the smallest mass b. has a 1+ charge c. is found outside of the nucleus d. is electrically neutral
a. electron b. proton c. electron d.neutron
Write the Symbols for the following elements: a. He b. P c. Na d.As e. Ca f. Br g. Cd h. Si
a. helium b. phosphorus c. sodium d. arsenic e. calcium f. bromine g. cadmium h. silicon
Write the names and symbols of the elements with the following atomic numbers: a. 3 b. 9 c. 20 d. 30 e. 10 f. 14 g. 53 h. 8
a. lithium (Li) b. fluorine, F c. calcium, C d. zinc, Zn e. neon, Ne f. silicon, Si g. iodine, I h. oxygen, O
Electrons can move to higher energy levels when they ________energy.
absorb
Electrons drop to lower energy levels when they ________energy.
emit
T or F A neutron has twice the mass of a proton.
false
T or F A proton is attracted to a neutron.
false
T or F Electrons and neutrons have opposite charges
false
T or F Electrons repel each other.
true
Write the electron arrangements for the following elements: pg. 117 table a. phosphorus b. neon c. sulfur d. magnesium e. aluminum f. fluorine
a. 2,8,5 b. 2,8 c. 2,8,6 d. 2,8,2 e. 2,8,3 f. 2,8
Write the atomic symbol for the isotope with each of the following characteristics: a. 15 protons and 16 neutrons b. 35 protons and 45 neutrons c. 50 electrons and 72 neutrons d. a chlorine atom with 18 electrons e. a mercury atom with 122 neutrons
a. 31/15 P b. 45/35 Br c. 122/50 Sn d. 35/18 Cl c.202/80 Hg
What are the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the following isotopes? a. 89/38 Sr b. 52/24 Cr c. 34/16 S d. 81/35 Br
a. 38 protons, 51 neutrons, 38 electrons b. 24 protons, 28 neutrons, 24 electrons c. 16 protons, 18 neutrons, 16 electrons d. 35 protons, 46 neutrons, and 35 electrons
Strontium has four naturally occurring isotopes, with mass numbers 84, 86, 87, and 88. a. Write the atomic symbol for each of these atoms b. How are these isotopes alike? c. How are they different? d. Why is the atomic mass of strontium listed on the period table not a whole number? e. Which isotope is the most prevalent in a sample of strontium.
a. 84/38 Sr, 86/38 Sr, 87/38 Sr, 88/38 Sr b.same number of protons and neutrons for each isotope. c. Different number of neutrons d. Because the number on the period table is the weight mass of all 4 isotopes of strontium. e. 88/38 Sr
Given the symbol of the element described by each of the following: a. Group 4A (14), Period 2 b. a noble gas in period 1 c. an alkali metal in Period 3 d. Group 2A (2), Period 4 e. Group 3A (13), Period 3
a. Carbon b. Helium c. Sodium d. Calcium e. Aluminum
Identify the Symbols a. Copper b. platinum c. calcium d. manganese e. iron f. barium g. lead h. strontium
a. Cu b. Pt c. Ca d. Mn e. Fe f. Ba g. Pb h. Sr
Identify the form of electromagnetic radiation in each pair that has the greater energy: a. Yellow light or green light b. microwaves or blue light
a. Green light b. Blue Light
Identify the group or period number described by each of the following: a. contains NA, K, and Rb b. begins with Li c. contains the noble gases d. contains F, CL, Br, and I
a. Group 1 (A) b.Period 2 c.Group 8A d. Group 7A
What is the group number and number of valence electrons for each of the following elements? a. magnesium b. iodine c. oxygen d. phosphorus e. tin f. boron
a. Group 2A (2), 2 e- b. Group 3A (17), 7 e- c.Group 6A (16), 6 e- d. Group 5A (15), 5 e- e. Group 4 A (14), 4 e- f. Group 3A (17), 3 e-
Identify the elements that have the following electron arrangements.(pg. 117 table) Energy Level 1 2 3 4 5 a. 2 1 b. 2 8 2 c. 1 d. 2 8 7 e. 2 6
a. Helium b. Magnesium c. Hydrogen d. Chlorine e. Oxygen
Write the names and symbols of the elements with the following atomic numbers: a. 1 b. 11 c. 19 d. 82 e. 35 f. 47 g. 15 h. 2
a. Hydrogen b. sodium, Na c. potassium, K d. lead, Pb e. krypton, Kr f. silver, Ag g. phosphorus, P h. helium, He
Place the elements in each set in order of decreasing atomic size. a. Al, Si, Mg b. Cl, I, Br c. Sr, Sb, I d. P, Si, Na
a. Mg, Al, Si b. I, Br, Cl c. Sr, Sb, I d. Na, Si, P
Identify the Symbols a. oxygen b. lithium c. uranium d. titanium e. hydrogen f. Tin g. gold
a. O b. Li c. U d. Ti e. H f. Sn g. Au
Identify the group or period number described by each of the following: a. contains the elements C, N, and O b. begins with helium c. contains the alkali metals d. ends with neon
a. Period 2 b. Group 8A (18) c. Group 1A (1) d. Period 2
Identify each of the following elements as a metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid: a. located in Group 2A (2) b. a good conductor of electricity c. chlorine d. arsenic e. an element that is not shiny f. oxygen g. nitrogen h. tin
a. metal b. metal c. nonmetal d. metalloid e. nonmetal f. nonmetal g. nonmetal h. metal
Identify each of the following elements as a metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid: a. calcium b. sulfur c. a shiny element d. an element that is a gas at room temperature e. located in Group 8A (18) f. bromine g. boron h.silver
a. metal b. nonmetal c. metal d. nonmetal e. nonmetal f. nonmetal g. metalloid h. metal
Identify the type of subatomic particles described by each of the following: a. atomic number b. mass number c. mass number - atomic number d. mass number + atomic number
a. protons and neutrons b. protons and electrons c. neutrons d. protons, neutrons and electrons
Argon has three naturally occurring isotopes, with mass number 36, 38, and 40: a. write the atomic symbol for each of these atoms. b. How are these isotopes alike? c. How are they different? d. Why is the atomic mass of argon listed on the periodic table not a whole number? e. Which isotope is the most prevalent in a sample of argon?
a.36/18 Ar 38/18 Ar 40/18 Ar b. They all have the same number of protons and electrons. c. They have different numbers of neutrons, which gives them different mass numbers. d. The atomic mass of Ar listed on the periodic table is the weighted average atomic mass of all the naturally occurring isotopes. e. The isotope Ar-40 is most prevalent because its mass is closest to the atomic mass of Ar on the periodic table.
Give the symbol of the element described by each of the following: a. an alkaline earth metal in Period 2 b. Group 5A (15), Period 3 c. a noble gas in Period 4 d. a halogen in Period 5 e. Group 4A (14), Period 4
a.Beryllium b. Phosphorus c. Krypton d. Iodine e. Arsenic
Sometimes clothes cling together when removed from a dryer. What kinds of charges are on the clothes?
positive
T or F A proton and an electron have opposite charges
true
T or F A proton is attracted to an electron
true
T or F the Nucleus contains most of the mass of an atom
true
T or F Neutrons repel each other
true