General Psychology Chapter 16 a, b, c

In order to help people with their psychological disorders, this therapy develops an understanding of family and other social systems, explores roles, and improves communication.

family

This therapy presumes the basis for psychological disorders is the result of stressful relationships.

family

During a therapy session, Jenny focuses on several intrusive thoughts that have been bothering her. The therapist tells Jenny to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Jenny's therapist is using a technique known as:

free association.

This is the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.

psychopharmacology

Researchers randomly assign people on a waiting list to therapy or no therapy in _____ clinical trials.

randomized

Mood-stabilizing drugs work more by _____ than _____.

reducing mania; reducing depression

One of the biggest benefits of lithium is _____.

reducing suicide risk

During her weekly psychoanalytic therapy sessions, Sabrina will often abruptly shift the focus of her attention and lose her train of thought. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates _____.

resistance

During his weekly therapy sessions, Colin finds it very difficult to talk about childhood memories. He often pauses before mentioning embarrassing moments, or simply forgets important details. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates:

resistance.

Family therapists view the family as a:

system

To help Adam reduce his fear of dogs, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog. The therapist's technique best illustrates _____.

systematic desensitization

In an experiment where Asian-American clients were matched with counselors who shared their cultural values, it was noted that the:

Asian-American clients perceived more counselor empathy and felt a stronger alliance with the counselor.

Patients receive a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to:

ECT.

Which of the following is an antianxiety agent?

Xanax

This therapy is empirically supported for treating bed-wetting.

behavioral conditioning

Yvonne works for a government agency where she treats those who have psychological disorders. In order to do this, she has a Psy.D. When she was younger, she also had a supervised internship and postdoctoral training. Yvonne is most likely a:

clinical psychiatrist.

Like alcohol, anti-anxiety drugs work by:

depressing CNS activity.

Shane is mildly depressed. Which form of treatment is likely to have the greatest positive effect?

therapeutic lifestyle change

Although not more effective in controlling schizophrenia symptoms, many of the newer-generation antipsychotics, such as Risperdal and _____, have fewer side effects.

Zyprexa

Tardive dyskinesia is associated with the long-term use of which type of drugs?

antipsychotic

These drugs are used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder.

antipsychotic drugs

According to the text, those NOT undergoing therapy for psychological disorders often improve, but those undergoing therapy:

are more likely to improve more quickly, and with less risk of relapse.

A patient who experiences bipolar disorder may be hesitant to try a mood stabilizer because the:

drug mechanism is unknown.

_____ psychotherapy is a variation on psychodynamic therapy. It is different because its goal is symptom relief in the here and now, and it focuses primarily on current relationships.

Interpersonal

Two mental health reform pioneers are the American, Dorothea Dix, and the French doctor, _____.

Philippe Pinel

Unlike _____, which may cause seizures and memory loss, _____ has no side effects other than maybe a headache.

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT); repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

In general, for up to _____ minutes a week, the group therapist guides the interactions of a group of people as they engage issues and react to one another.

90

In a study using _____, half of the patients receive a drug and the other half receives a similar-appearing placebo. Neither the patients in the study nor the staff administering the treatment know who gets which treatment.

a double-blind technique

If Roxanne, who suffers from episodic depression, wants to have the best long-term improvement, which lifestyle change would be the LEAST effective?

aromatherapy

This medication was originally used to treat epilepsy and is also found effective in the control of manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder.

Depakote

He has offered stress-inoculation training that entails teaching people to restructure their thinking in stressful situations.

Donald Meichenbaum

The three main features that humanistic therapists hope to exhibit are _____, acceptance, and empathy.

genuineness

Nancy's therapist is an active listener who often paraphrases what she says. He does not judge her and is quite open to her exploration of her weaknesses. He gives her appropriate validation and encourages her to reflect on her feelings. He wants to deepen her self-understanding. Her therapy is most likely _____.

humanistic

Some life problems require more support than others. For example, AIDS patients are _____ likely than hypertension patients to be in support groups.

more

If one wants to listen more actively in one's own relationships, these three traits may help.

paraphrase, invite clarification, and reflect feelings

Bonnie has just finished a two-year master program and now is in postgraduate supervision that is preparing her to offer psychotherapy to people with everyday personal and family problems. Bonnie is mostly likely preparing to be a:

psychiatric social worker

Lindsey is a physician who specializes in the treatment of psychological disorders. She is an M.D. and can prescribe medication. Lindsey is most likely a:

psychiatrist.

Therapies dealing with psychological disorders can be classified into two main categories. In the first, _____, a trained therapist uses psychological techniques to assist the client overcome difficulties, while _____ offers medication or other biological treatments.

psychotherapy; biomedical therapy

Because she mistakenly believes the lucky charm she bought will help her lose weight, Mrs. Redding is feeling a considerable reduction in her appetite. This best illustrates:

the placebo effect.

In an eating disorders clinic, the patients receive merits for good eating behaviors such as finishing their meal, not exercising after their meal, and for appropriate behaviors on the unit. This best illustrates an application of:

the token economy.

When making a decision on which therapy to use, the American Psychological Association (APA) advocates that clinicians consider all of the following EXCEPT:

therapeutic trends.

When a patient in psychoanalysis begins to have feelings toward the therapist such as love or hatred, and those feelings are linked to other current or past relationships, the patient is experiencing _____.

transference

Sharif has mild depression. Recently he read that research has shown that something as simple as frequent _____ can relieve symptoms.

walks in the woods

According to the text, more than _____ million Americans belong to small religious, interest, or self-help groups that meet regularly.

100

In 2012, Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) reported having more than _____ million members in 114,000 groups worldwide.

2

The full psychological effect of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) takes about:

4 weeks

_____ is a type of treatment whose primary goal is to physically change the brain's functioning.

Biomedical therapy

_____ consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.

Psychotherapy

Who emphasized the importance of transference in the therapeutic process?

Sigmund Freud

Which of the following drugs is MOST likely to provide patients with schizophrenia with some relief from their auditory hallucinations and paranoia?

Thorazine

If a person routinely takes antianxiety medication for an extended period of time, what is the MOST debilitating symptom likely experienced if the person stops taking the drug?

intense anxiety

Bob yells at this therapist, "You are impatient, a know-it-all, and you only care about yourself!" Most likely Bob is experiencing _____.

transference

After three days of taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), Dennis is disappointed because he is not feeling any better. However, it generally may take up to _____ week(s) for this type of antidepressant to reach full effect.

4

Agnes is a graduate student in psychology who suffers from depression. She has been on antidepressants for years with marginal effect. Instead of taking additional medication or undergoing brain stimulation, her therapist recently encouraged her to review Stephen Ilardi's research on therapeutic lifestyle change. Agnes noticed that those who went through the 12-week training program performed all of the following EXCEPT:

avoiding omega-3 fatty acids.

As a parent, Wendy is skeptical of treatments that sound too good to be true. When she arrives at the psychologist's office, she asks about what is the empirically-supported treatment for bed-wetting because her 6-year-old son has been having difficulties. She learns that _____ is the empirically-supported treatment.

behavior conditioning

Chelsea's therapist uses active listening within an empathic environment. Her therapist is most likely using:

client-centered therapy.

The placebo effect best illustrates the importance of _____ processes in therapeutic outcomes.

cognitive

Interpersonal psychotherapy is a variation on psychodynamic therapy. It is different because:

its goal is symptom relief in the here and now, and it focuses primarily on current relationships.

Which of the following alternative therapies has shown promise as an effective treatment?

light exposure therapy

Which of the following is effective in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?

light exposure therapy

Gerald suffers from bipolar disorder. He is likely to be prescribed ___ to combat mania.

lithium

A patient recently admitted to the hospital is complaining of auditory hallucinations. She might be treated with:

Thorazine.

Barry's good friend has been dealing with severe anxiety for the last few months. However, he is reluctant to see a therapist because he is hoping that his anxious feelings will eventually go away. What can Barry say that might convince him that seeing a therapist would be beneficial?

Those undergoing therapy are more likely to improve more quickly, and with less risk of relapse.

A therapist who uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic methods is said to be using a(n) _____ approach.

eclectic

Leigh is a diligent clinician. In order to provide her clients with the best therapy she can provide she keeps up to date on the latest psychotherapy research. She also takes into consideration her patients' values, characteristics, preferences, and circumstances. Finally, she is also mindful of her own expertise. Leigh is using what approach in clinical decision making?

evidence-based practice

A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family's backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist's approach to helping Rebecca best illustrates the _____ technique in behavioral therapy.

exposure

A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family's backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist's approach to helping Rebecca best illustrates:

exposure therapy.