General Psychology Mid-Term - Chapters 1-6

Label the areas of the brain.

1. Broca's Area 2. Frontal Lobe 3. Parietal Lobe 4. Temporal Lobe 5. Wernicke's Area

In 1879, in Leipzig, Germany, the first psychological laboratory was overseen by

Wilhelm Wundt

____________________ is the traditional term used to describe a type of biological feedback of information, and though its use many problems can be relieved or controlled. a. Biofeedback b. Neurofeedback c. Bioinformation d. Neuroinformation

a. Biofeedback

________ is any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice. a. Learning b. Adaptation c. Memory enhancement d. Muscle memory

a. Learning

The most commonly used and abused depressant is __________________. a. alcohol b. barbiturates c. benzodiazepines d. Rohyponol

a. alcohol

Daydreaming, meditation, intoxication, sleep, and hypnosis are all types of ________. a. altered states of consciousness b. self-awareness c. self-absorption d. waking consciousness

a. altered states of consciousness

The long bundle of neurons that carries messages to and from the body to the brain and is responsible for very fast, lifesaving reflexes is called the ________. a. spinal cord b. brain c. reflexes d. interneurons

a. spinal cord

In Watson's experiment with "Little Albert", the conditioned stimulus was a. the white rat. b. the loud noise. c. the fear of the rat. d. the fear of the noise.

a. the white rat.

The _________________ stimulus is the stimulus that is naturally occurring and produces the reflex, or involuntary response. a. unconditioned b. conditioned c. neutral d reflex

a. unconditioned

According to the present research on psychologists, the popular work setting is ________. a. universities and four-year colleges b. self-employed c. state and local government d. non-profit

a. universities and four-year colleges

Bandura's famous Bobo doll experiment demonstrates that young children will imitate the --------- actions of a model even when there is no reinforcement for doing so.

aggressive

Waking Consciousness is a state in which thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and organized, and the person feels ------.

alert

Nightmares tend to occur in _______ sleep. a. non-REM sleep b. REM sleep c. light sleep d. delta wave sleep

b. REM sleep

Which theorist created the Psychosexal Theory of Development? a. Wilhelm Wundt b. Sigmund Freud c. Erik Erikson d. Mary Ainsworth

b. Sigmund Freud

This occurs when an organism becomes nauseated some time after eating a certain food, which then becomes adversarial to the organism. a. unconditioned food b. conditioned taste aversion c. classical conditioning d. unconditioned response

b. conditioned taste aversion

CPAP stands for ________. a. correctable pointed airflow problem b. continuous positive airway pressure c. cancer prevention application procedure d. controlled pulmonary air pump

b. continuous positive airway pressure

A brain-imaging method called ______________ takes advantage of the magnetic properties of different atoms to take sharp, three-dimensional images of the brain. a. electroencephalography (EEG) b. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) c. positron emission magnetography (PEM) d. computed tomography (CT)

b. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

In ___________ conditioning, a response is associated with a consequence. a. formative b. operant c. classical d. tentative

b. operant

The first step in any scientific investigation is _____________. a. forming the hypothesis b. perceiving the question c. coming to a conclusion d. developing an argument

b. perceiving the question

Harmony notices that her cat salivates as soon as it hears the sound of Harmony opening a can with an electric can opener. In this example, the ________ is the conditioned stimulus. a. can of cat food b. sound of the electric can opener c. dish that Harmony puts the food in d. cat scurrying into the kitchen

b. sound of the electric can opener

An operant conditioning technique in which a learner gains conscious control over his or her own biological response is -------------.

biofeedback

The tendency to perceive the apparent brightness of an object as the same even when the light conditions change is called ----------- ------------.

brightness constancy

What does AMID stand for? a. Attention, Memory, Intention, Detention b. Ask, Memory, Imitate, Develop c. Attention, Memory, Imitation, Desire d. Association, Memory, Imitation, Desires

c. Attention, Memory, Imitation, Desire

__________'s famous Bobo doll experiment demonstrates that young children will imitate the aggressive actions of a model even when there is no reinforcement for doing so. a. Long b. Pavlov c. Bandura d. Skinner

c. Bandura

One sign of physical dependence on drugs is the development of a ______________, allowing users to need more and more to achieve the same high. a. latent dependence b. withdrawal c. drug tolerance d. psychological yearning

c. drug tolerance

Ivan Pavlov was a Russian _____________ who accidentally discovered classical conditioning. a. psychologist b. psychiatrist c. physiologist d. doctor

c. physiologist

The deepest stage of sleep occurs in ________ sleep. a. stage 1 (N1) b. stage 2 (N2) c. stage 3 (N3) d. R (REM)

c. stage 3 (N3)

The abbreviation UCR stands for ________. a. unconditional reinforcement b. uniform conditioned rule c. unconditioned response d. unconditional retention

c. unconditioned response

A(n) ___________ is a measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another.

correlation

Out of the following, who would be most likely to sleepwalk? a. An 80 year old woman b. A 10 year old girl c. A 20 year old man d. An 8 year old boy

d. An 8 year old boy

Which theory is commonly referred to as the "aha!" phenomenon? a. Tolman's laten learning theory b. Seligman's learned helplessness theory c. Bandura's observational learning d. Kohler's insight theory

d. Kohler's insight theory

Which of the following is NOT a manufactured high? a. LSD b. PCP c. MDMA (ecstasy) d. Marijuana (pot)

d. Marijuana (pot)

The researcher responsible for discovering classical conditioning was ________. a. Skinner b. Tolman c. Kohler d. Pavlov

d. Pavlov

Consciousness is the ________. a. state of arousal involving facial and bodily changes b. awareness of ourselves and the environment c. memory of personally experienced events d. intentional recollection of an item of information

d. intentional recollection of an item of information

Which of these is the most accurate definition of psychology? a. the scientific study of behavior b. the scientific study of mental processes c. the scientific study of animal behavior and mental processes d. the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes

d. the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes

Delta waves are long, slow waves that indicated the ------- stage of sleep.

deepest

The 4 goals of psychology are: -------, --------, -------- and --------.

description, explain, predict, and control

A ----------- stimulus is a stimulus that provides the organism with a cue for making a certain response in order to obtain reinforcement.

discriminative

The most common damage to the --------- is from sticking a cotton swab too far into the ear. This can cause severe pain, drainage, and partial hearing loss.

eardrum

The endocrine gland is different from other glands in that it releases --------- that flow directly into the bloodstream to affect target organs.

hormones

A state of consciousness in which the person especially susceptible to suggestion is called --------.

hypnosis

Learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change is called ------ learning.

latent

Sigmund Freud believed that the true, hidden meaning of a dream was -------- ---------.

latent content

When going from complete darkness into light, the adjustment is called ------ ------------.

light adaptation

The __________ controls life-sustaining functions like breathing, swallowing, and heart rate.

medulla

A specialized cell in the nervous system that receives and sends messages within the system is called the --------.

neuron

The ability to detect changes in temperature, pressure, and body position is due in part to the functions of the -------- lobe.

parietal

About 50-80% of amputees experience ------- -------- ---------- where they think they can still feel the severed amputation.

phantom limb pain

The -------- receives sensory signals and relays that information to the brain.

retina

Which is considered the most common type of permanent hearing loss?

sensorineural hearing loss

When people are hypnotized that are not in an altered state, but are merely playing the role expected of them in the situation are in the -------------------------- ------ -- ----------.

social-cognitive theory of hypnosis

Drugs that increase the activity of the nervous system are called _______.

stimulants

------ -------- are a relatively rare sleep disorder.

Night Terrors

When someone suffers a stroke, sometimes their words get mixed or confused. This is called -----------.

Wernicke's aphasia

Any consequence that makes a response less likely is called: a. reinforcement b. correction c. reward d. punishment

d. punishment

A ------- -------- is any reward that satisfies a basic, biological need, such a hunger, thirst, or touch.

primary reinforcer

There are 5 steps in the Scientific Method. IN ORDER, what are those steps?

1. Perceive the question, 2. form the hypothesis, 3. test the hypothesis, 4. draw a conclusion, report your results

The spinal cord is divided into --- main areas.

2

Olfactory receptors naturally die off and are replaced every ----------.

5-8 weeks

Which of these IS NOT a bone in the middle ear?

Canal

The famous study of Phineas Gage, who survived when a metal rod pierced his skull, is an example of a _____.

Case study

--------- ---------- is the cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24 hour period.

Circadian rhythm

The outermost part of the brain that is made up of tightly packed neurons and is only a tenth of an inch thick is called the --------.

Cortex

What do schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease have in common?

Differing levels of dopamine(DA).

______________ studies control for the placebo effect and the experimenter effect.

Double-blind

--------- are associated with pain relief.

Endorphins

Damage to the central nervous system is PERMANENT, neurons cannot repair themselves.

False. Neurons cannot reproduce, but they can repair.

-------- stressed the importance of early childhood experiences.

Freud

Which theory states, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts? __________

Gestalt

------ ------ was conditioned to fear a white rat.

Little Albert

John B. Watson conducted an experiment called -------- to prove that behavior was a result of a stimulus-response relationship.

Little Albert

The first female president of the APA was __________.

Mary Whinton Calkins

Micah has recently been diagnosed with a psychological disorder that is best addressed initially with medication. He would likely benefit the most by first seeing a _________________.

Psychiatrist

You have put a warhead sour candy in your mouth and it made you squint, but the longer you eat the candy, the less the effect has on you. This is an example of what?

Sensory adaptation

--------- is an operant-conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced.

Shaping

-------- --------- develop during N2 (R&K Stage 2).

Sleep Spindles

-------- can become other cells like blood cells, nerve cells, and brain cells.

Stem-cells

------ are drugs that increase the functioning of the nervous system. Examples include amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine, and caffeine.

Stimulants

If a child suffers from congenital analgesia, why must he or she be careful when they are playing?

The child cannot feel pain and can suffer injuries without even knowing it.