genetics

During transcription A. protein is synthesized from DNA. B. DNA is replicated. C. RNA is synthesized from protein. D. RNA is synthesized from DNA. E. protein is synthesized from amino acids.

D. RNA is synthesized from DNA.

_______ consist of proteins and RNAs that associate, providing both a physical support and enzyme activity for protein synthesis.

Ribosomes

A codon consists of 3 consecutive

mRNA bases.

The human genome encodes about ___ transcription factors.

2,000

An mRNA molecule is also called a(n)

transcript.

If part of a DNA template is the sequence GTTAGTCTGTGGGCT, then the mRNA transcribed from it is

5'CAAUCAGACACCCGA3'

There are __ different sequences of codons possible in the genetic code.

64

In transcription, the promoter is

A DNA sequence that RNA polymerase binds.

The idea that a DNA sequence is a code for an amino acid sequence was first stated in A. the paper revealing the genetic code, published in 1963. B. the paper revealing DNA's structure, published in 1953. C. the papers revealing the human genome sequence, published in 1953. D. the papers revealing the human genome sequence, published in 2001. E. the publication of the first map of single nucleotide polymorphisms.

A. the paper revealing the genetic code, published in 1963.

Ribosomes begin translation of an mRNA transcript at the first

AUG.

The DNA template ATGCGTTA is transcribed into an RNA strand with the sequence A. TACGCAAT. B. UAACGCAU. C. UACGCAAU. D. AUGCGAAU. E. AUGCGUUA.

C. UACGCAAU.

Cells replicate DNA A. during the M phase of the cell cycle. B. all the time. C. during the S phase of the cell cycle

C. during the S phase of the cell cycle.

DNA replication is necessary so that A. transcription can proceed. B. translation can proceed. C. genetic information is not lost as the information in DNA sequences is accessed. D. the cell does not die when it divides. E. the cell can grow.

C. genetic information is not lost as the information in DNA sequences is accessed.

To express a gene, DNA is first transcribed into a corresponding strand of A. mtDNA. B. rRNA. C. mRNA. D. tRNA. E. siRNA.

C. mRNA.

A retrovirus produces an enzyme, called reverse transcriptase, which copies its RNA genome into DNA. This is opposite the central dogma because A. a virus is not an organism. B. a virus lacks genetic material. C. a retrovirus lacks DNA. D. the central dogma states that DNA is copied into RNA. E. of the viral mutation rate.

D. the central dogma states that DNA is copied into RNA.

The enzyme that synthesizes messenger RNA from a DNA template is

RNA polymerase.

After transcription and before translation, eukaryotic mRNA is modified by adding

a cap of methyl guanine and a poly-A tail.

A three base pair nucleotide sequence on mRNA is called a(n)

codon.

Ribosomal RNAs

complex with proteins to form ribosomes.

The large ribosomal subunit joins the initiation complex during _______ of translation.

elongation

Parts of an mRNA molecule that are removed before protein synthesis are called

introns.

In transcription, one DNA strand is transcribed into a(n) _______ RNA strand, which is translated into protein. A. ribosomal B. transfer C. messenger D. anticodon E. thymine rich

messenger

Which of these is not found in RNA? A. nitrogen B. phosphate C. deoxyribose D. purines E. ribose

purines

Ribose is an important component of RNA because

ribose it is less stable than deoxyribose, which enables RNA to function as a short-term carrier of genetic information.

A(n) _______ carries a specific amino acid to a ribosome, where the amino acid bonds to another.

tRNA

The genetic code is

triplet, non-overlapping, and universal.

Transcription factors function in the expression of genes by

turning transcription of specific genes on or off.