genetics

With incomplete dominance, a likely ratio resulting from a monohybrid cross would be ________. A) 1:2:1 B) 9:3:3:1 C) 1:2:2:4 D) 1:2

A) 1:2:1

If 15 percent of the nitrogenous bases in a sample of DNA from a particular organism is thymine, what percentage should be cytosine? A) 35 percent B) 40 percent C) 70 percent D) 30 percent

A) 35 percent

Which of the following is nota true statement regarding retroviruses? A) RNA is converted to DNA by DNA polymerase. B) RNA serves as genetic material. C) The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an example of a retrovirus. D) DNA generated from retroviruses can potentially integrate into the host's genome.

A) RNA is converted to DNA by DNA polymerase.

Which of the following affect the total amount of DNA? (select all that apply) A) deletion B) translocation C) inversion D) duplication

A) deletions and D) duplication

Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme found in association with retroviral activity. It has the property of ________. A) synthesis of DNA from an RNA template B) synthesis of RNA from a DNA template C) requiring no template D) synthesis of miRNA to cDNA

A) synthesis of DNA from an RNA template

Which of the following is the correct order of the genes? A) y w ec B) y ec w C) w y ec D) ec y w

A) y w ec

The investigative approach of genetics attributed to Gregor Mendel is ________. A) molecular genetics B) transmission genetics C) population genetics D) cytogenetics

B) transmission genetics

In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of double-stranded DNA to see which bases are equivalent in concentration, which of the following would be true? A) A + T = G + C B) A + C = G + T C) A = G and C = T and A + C = G + T are both true. D) A = G and C = T

B) A + C = G + T

What is the function of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase? A) It binds to the mRNA cap during initiation. B) It binds an amino acid to its tRNA. C) It adds an anticodon to tRNA. D) It folds tRNA into a clover leaf structure.

B) It binds an amino acid to its tRNA.

Many cancer drugs target microtubule formation to prevent cells from dividing. Which phase of the cell cycle would be most affected by these drugs? A) prophase B) anaphase C) S phase of interphase D) metaphase

B) anaphase

Which protein directly holds the chromatid arms together prior to anaphase of mitosis? A) histone B) cohesin C) shugoshin D) separase

B) cohesin

What was the Avery et al. (1944) contribution to the understanding of molecular biology? A) demonstration that dead bacterial cells can come to life B) demonstration that DNA is the transforming principle from dead bacteria that can convert the phenotype of live bacteria C) demonstration that chromosomes contain genetic material D) demonstration that RNA is the intermediate in the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

B) demonstration that DNA is the transforming principle from dead bacteria that can convert the phenotype of live bacteria

Which of the following is most associated with beneficial evolutionary changes? A) deletions B) duplications C) inversions D) translocations

B) duplications

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the ABO gene locus? A) multiple alleles B) epistasis C) four possible phenotypes D) codominance

B) epistasis

Genetic abnormalities involving an incorrect number of chromosomes are usually due to what? A) nondisjunction during mitosis B) nondisjunction during meiosis C) disjunction during meiosis D) disjunction during mitosis

B) nondisjunction during meiosis

What is the distance between the y and ec genes? (if over .5 round up) A) 2 m.u. B) 25 m.u. C) 49 m.u. D) 24 m.u.

C) 49 m.u.

Which of the following would be the complementary base sequence to the start codon? A) ATG B) GCA C) AUG D) TAC

C) AUG ?

Which is not a major feature of the Watson and Crick DNA model? A) chains run antiparallel B) strands are paired by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases C) a complete turn is 20 angstroms D) coiled strands form a right-handed double helix

C) a complete turn is 20 angstroms

A condition in which one gene pair masks the expression of a nonallelic gene pair is called ________. A) additive alleles B) codominance C) epistasis D) dominance

C) epistasis

Regarding the structure of DNA, the covalently arranged combination of a deoxyribose and a nitrogenous base would be called a(n) ________. A) oligonucleotide B) nucleotide C) nucleoside D) ribonucleotide

C) nucleoside

Familial Down syndrome is a condition where patients exhibit the characteristics of the disease without having trisomy 21. How is this possible? A) silencing of the DSCR on chromosome 21 B) deletion of the DSCR from one copy of chromosome 21 C) translocation of the DSCR from chromosome 21 to chromosome 14 D) inversion of the DSCR on chromosome 21

C) translocation of the DSCR from chromosome 21 to chromosome 14

When X rays penetrate cells, electrons are ejected from atoms of molecules. Stable molecules can be transformed into which two types of hazardous materials? A) thymine dimers and superosxides B) 6-ethylguanine and 5-bromouracil C) heterocylic amines and acetaldehyde D) free radicals and reactive ions

D) free radicals and reactive ions

In 1927 Frederick Griffith combined an extract from heat-killed smooth bacterial cells with live rough cells and injected them into mice. The findings and conclusions of the experiment were ________. A) mice survived as a result of immunity from rough cells B) mice survived as a result of a transforming agent picked up by the rough cells from the smooth cell extract C) mice died as a result of incorporation of DNA into the mouse genome from heat-killed smooth cells D) mice died as a result of a transforming agent picked up by the rough cells from the smooth cell extract

D) mice died as a result of a transforming agent picked up by the rough cells from the smooth cell extract

Which type of bond links nucleotides in a single strand of DNA? A) electrostatic B) hydrogen C) hydrophobic and hydrophilic D) phosphodiester

D) phosphodiester

The classic Hershey and Chase (1952) experiment that offered evidence in support of DNA being the genetic material in bacteriophages made use of which of the following labeled component(s)? A) nitrogen and oxygen B) hydrogen C) carbon and nitrogen D) phosphorus and sulfur

D) phosphorus and sulfur

The MN blood group is a codominant trait as a result of which of the following? A) presence of M cell surface glycoproteins on some blood cells and N glycoproteins on others B) presence of a M/N intermediate cell surface glycoprotein on blood cells C) presence of M, M/N intermediate, and N cell surface glycoproteins on blood cells D) presence of both M and N cell surface glycoproteins on the same blood cell

D) presence of both M and N cell surface glycoproteins on the same blood cell

Use the following information for the next three questions: Genotype Frequency ec w y 89 ec w y+ 208 ec w+ y+ 7 ec w+ y 78 ec+ w y 12 ec+ w+ y 245 ec+ w y+ 102 ec+ w+ y+ 99 In the above double cross gene experiment, which are the parental genotypes? (select all that apply) A) ec+ w y B) ec w+ y C) ec+ w y+ D) ec w+ y+ E) ec w y F) ec+ w+ y+ G) ec+ w+ y H) ec w y+

G) ec+ w+ y and H) ec w y+